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Topic: Historical Chinese Phonology

Related Topics

Old Chinese

Classical Chinese

Chinese language

Mandarin (linguistics)

Chinese spoken language

Wu (linguistics)

Min Nan

Standard Mandarin

Haner language

Duan Yucai

Jiyun

Qieyun

Chinese written language

Bernhard Karlgren

Guangyun

	Chinese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Chinese language (spoken in its standard Mandarin form) is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations.
		The terms and concepts used by Chinese to think about language are different from those used in the West, partly because of the unifying effects of the Chinese characters used in writing, and partly because of differences in the political and social development of China in comparison with Europe.
		Old Chinese, sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', was the language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (11th to 7th centuries B.C.), texts of which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the Shijing, the history of the Shujing, and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/c/ch/chinese_language.html (3535 words)

	Old Chinese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Classical Chinese was for two millennia the usual language used for official purposes in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
		The phonology of Old Chinese was imperfectly preserved in Classical Chinese, because the way the Chinese writing system indicates pronunciation is much less clear than the way an alphabet shows it.
		Moreover, many modern linguists specializing in historical Chinese phonology contend that Old Chinese was not a tonal language: the tones of Middle Chinese (and therefore modern spoken Chinese) evolved from consonants that have since changed or disappeared.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Chinese (296 words)

	Historical Chinese phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Historical Chinese Phonology deals with reconstructing the sounds of Chinese from the past.
		Insights to the phonology of this era was further gained when discoveries of Qieyun was discovered in the Dunhuang Caves in the 1930's, as it was believed the work was lost.
		The reconstruction of Old Chinese is more controversial than Middle Chinese since it extrapolates from the Middle Chinese data, but comparing the riming of works of poetry such as the Shijing (詩經;), one of the earliest Chinese written texts.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/historical_chinese_phonology (344 words)

	Chinese language - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Chinese language, spoken in the form of Standard Mandarin, is the official language of the People's Republic of China in mainland China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations.
		Old Chinese (上古漢語), sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', was the language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (11th to 7th centuries B.C.), texts of which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the Shijing, the history of the Shujing, and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
		Chinese is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family, and so is related to Tibetan and Burmese, but genetically unrelated to other neighbouring languages, such as Korean, Vietnamese, and Japanese.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /chinese_language.htm (3770 words)

	Historical Chinese phonology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Insight to the phonology of this era was further gained with the discovery of the Qieyun in the Dunhuang Caves in the 1930's.
		The reconstruction of Old Chinese is more controversial than Middle Chinese since it extrapolates from the Middle Chinese data, but compares the riming of works of poetry such as the Shijing (詩經), one of the earliest Chinese written texts.
		Some insights into the phonology of Chinese in the distant past were made before western phonological practices became known, such as the work of the Qing Dynasty scholar Duan Yucai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Historical_Chinese_phonology (397 words)

	Encyclopedia: Historical Chinese phonology
		Qieyun (Chinese 切韻) is a Chinese character rime dictionary, published in 601 AD during the Sui Dynasty.
		Min (閩方言; in pinyin: min3 fang1 yan2) is a general term for a group of dialects of the Chinese language spoken in the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian as well as by migrants from this province in Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou, and Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, three counties in southern Zhejiang...
		Categories: Chinese language Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Historical-Chinese-phonology (1203 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term "Middle Chinese" is usually used in the context of historical Chinese phonology, which seeks to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times.
		Chinese is not written using an alphabetic script, therefore, sounds cannot be derived directly from writing.
		The profuse output of Chinese poetry during the Tang era with its rigid verse structures relies on the rhyming and tone of the end characters of a line of poetry.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Middle_Chinese (559 words)

	Instructor Class Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Introduction to Chinese historical phonology; emphasis on the Middle Chinese period.
		This course is a basic introduction at the graduate level to methods and materials in Chinese historical phonology.
		Topics covered include the periodization of the Chinese language; the source materials for reconstructing earlier stages of the language (with a focus on the Middle Chinese period); traditional Chinese phonological categories and terminology; fanqie spellings; major reconstruction systems; the use of scholarly materials to determine reconstructions in these systems.
	www.washington.edu /students/icd/S/chinese/542zhandel.html (316 words)

	Chinese Index
		The Hanyu Pinyin romanisation for Mandarin Chinese was passed as early as 1958.
		It documents the period in Chinese phonology known as Middle Chinese.
		The concept of inner and outer series was used a Chinese solution to distinguish an aspect of the rhyme's vowel that we today would have used phonetic symbols for.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Pagoda/3847/chinese (600 words)

	Chinese Linguistics Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Her teachers in Chinese linguistics included: Professors Edwin G. Pulleyblank (University of British Columbia), Jerry Norman and Anne Yue-Hashimoto (University of Washington), and faculty members teaching at the Linguistic Society of America Summer Linguistic Institute held one summer at the University of Hawaii, namely, Professors William S-Y. Wang, Ying-che Li, Robert Cheng, and Fang-kuei Li.
		In addition, during her Presidency, a contract was signed between the Chinese Language Teachers Association and the National East Asian Languages Resource Center's Foreign Language Publications and Services at the Ohio State University for services related to printing of the Association's Journal and to sales of back issues to be managed by OSU FLPubs.
		Chinese linguistics faculty members have also served on dissertation committees in the Department of Linguistics, helping to guide those doctoral students conducting linguistic research pertaining to the Chinese language.
	deall.osu.edu /webdoc/chlxprog.htm (1954 words)

	Old_Chinese
		The phonology of Old Chinese was not preserved in Classical Chinese, however, because the Chinese writing system does not specifically show pronunciation.
		It is, however, generally agreed that Old Chinese had consonant clusters such as kl- and pl-, which do not occur in any modern Chinese dialect.
		Moreover, many modern linguists specializing in historical Chinese phonology contend that Old Chinese was not a tonal language: the tones of Middle Chinese and modern spoken Chinese evolved from consonant clusters that have since disappeared.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Old_Chinese (199 words)

	Chinese Language Program - University of Maryland
		CHIN 313 Chinese Poetry and Prose in Translation (3) Writing of the major poets, essayists, and historians from the 10th century B.C. to the 12th century A.D. No knowledge of Chinese is required.
		CHIN 423 Chinese Historical and Dialect Phonology (3) Prerequisite: CHIN 302 or JAPN 405.
		HIST 485 History of Chinese Communism (3) An analysis of the various factors in modern Chinese history that led to the victory of the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 and of the subsequent course of events of the People's Republic of China from 1919 to the present.
	www.languages.umd.edu /AsianEastEuropean/chinese (2452 words)

	VIEW ROA 549
		Tone sandhi is a common occurrence in different varieties, the most famous being Mandarin Chinese, in which a third tone (high-low-high, or falling-rising) followed by another third tone becomes a low-high or rising tone.
		Historical and cross-dialectal data are presented, showing that these tonal changes seem to preserve archaic tone values and features.
		These facts, and the wholly arbitrary values of the sandhi tones, indicate that they are historical relics and operate in the grammars of modern dialects as morphophonemic material.
	roa.rutgers.edu /view.php3?id=720 (215 words)

	Chinese: The Chinese Writing System
		Chinese writing consists of an individual character or ideogram for every syllable, each character representing a word or idea rather than a sound; thus, problems caused by homonyms in spoken Chinese are not a difficulty in written Chinese.
		The Chinese characters, although universal to all dialects, have proved to be an obstacle to mass literacy, for one needs to know at least several thousand characters to read a newspaper and even more to read literary works.
		The Chinese government has made a great effort to standardize the pronunciation of Mandarin, which is essentially a spoken language, and to have it adopted throughout China.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0857298.html (536 words)

	Marjorie Chan's C882. Studies in Chinese Historical Phonology (Wi 88) [deall.ohio-state.edu/chan.9/c882-w88.htm] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hsueh, Pulleyblank, Dong, Chou, Karlgren, Li, etc.), 2) Tracing the historical development of a Chinese dialect (the modern reflexes of historical categories and their implications with respect to different reconstructions.
		Goals: A critical analysis of the historical phonology of Chinese, with primary focus on the development of the language during the Middle Chinese period.
		Chinese phonology: lexical diffusion, Old Chinese reconstructions, etc. 10 Class presentations Class presentations =================================================================================
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /chan9/c882-w88.htm (313 words)

	The Rutgers Scholar
		The Chinese writing system is a logographic one, in which the sound values of characters are not indicated in a way that is as direct, explicit, and decomposable as in an alphabet based, phonographic system (Chen 1999, p.12).
		The [t] and [d] sounds in Old and Middle Chinese are reflected by [d] and [tʰ] in Sino-Korean; and [tʰ] in Old and Middle Chinese are reflected by [tʰ] in Sino-Korean.
		Thus, regardless of the presence or absence of aspiration in the Chinese, ts, tsʰ, dz, s, and *z are mostly reflected as either [c] or [cʰ] in Sino-Korean.
	www.scils.rutgers.edu /~weyang/ejournal/volume03/simmkang/simmkang.htm (3017 words)

	Professor Wang Li (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Used for many years as the standard textbook, this work explains traditional descriptive phonology in modern term, surveys the achievements of Qing philologists with extensive citations, points out the relevance of modern dialects for historical research, and introduces the work of Karlgren and Li Fang-kuei on MC and OC reconstruction.
		From the beginning of the 20th Century, Chinese linguists had been complaining that grammatical systems based upon European languages, especially Latin, were ill-suited for the analysis and description of Chinese.
		The first volume dealt with historical phonology (1957), and the third volume with the development of the lexicon (1958).
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/tm17/wangli.htm (1370 words)

	Wu
		Wu is also a Chinese dialect spoken around the same region as the original Wu state.
		Wu (吳 or 吴;) is a common Chinese family name.
		Wu can be several other less common Chinese family names, 仵,烏,鄔 etc. In Cantonese, 吳 and 仵 are transliterated to Ng; 烏 and 鄔 to Woo.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wu/wu.html (298 words)

	Read about Historical Chinese phonology at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Historical Chinese phonology and learn ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wu, Min, etc. and from sino-xenic pronunciations of Chinese vocabulary such as those found in
		Insight to the phonology of this era was further gained with the discovery of the Qieyun in the
		Middle Chinese since it extrapolates from the Middle Chinese data, but compares the riming of works of poetry such as the Shijing (詩經;), one of the earliest Chinese written texts.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Historical_Chinese_phonology (298 words)

	W. South Coblin
		Chinese historical phonology, Chinese historical and comparative dialectology, Sino-Tibetan comparative and historical linguistics; Classical Chinese grammar, the language of early Chinese vernacular texts; the origins, history, and development of Chinese koines; history and development of pre-modern Mandarin, Chinese in 'Phag-pa script.
		A Preliminary Study of the Chinese Transcriptions of the Mantra in the Druma-kinnara- r1aj1a-par>iprcch1a-s1utra,” in Buddhism across Boundaries — Chinese Buddhism and the Western Regions, Collection of Essays 1993, edited by John McRae and Jan Nattier.
		“The Phonology of Proto-Central Jiang-Huai: An Exercise in Comparative Reconstruction”, in In Memory of Professor Li Fang-Kuei: Essays of Linguistic Change and the Chinese Dialects, Taipei and Seattle: Academia Sincia and the University of Washington.
	www.uiowa.edu /~asian/faculty/coblin.html (1546 words)

	History of Language/Dhumbadji! Abstracts
		labiodentals: f, v) in archaic Chinese, and that the latter was derived from the former.
		The second great contribution of Qian Daxin's was the application of Chinese dialect data in his reconstruction of the archaic pronunciation of Chinese, which was also a whole century earlier than the work the Europeans did in this field.
		The characteristic properties of Chinese create a number of problems for assimilating borrowed words into the language (and representing them in its writing system), and since the 1950s, with a great influx of foreign lexicon, interest in this area has heightened.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/Work/dhumbabstracts.html (1707 words)

	Historical Chinese Phonology Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Looking For historical chinese phonology - Find historical chinese phonology and more at Lycos Search.
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		Look for historical chinese phonology - Find historical chinese phonology at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Historical_Chinese_phonology (595 words)

	Sino-Bodic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The hypothesis of a genetic relationship between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman has developed over the course of two centuries, but even today this genetic relationship is not uncontested.
		Sino-Tibetan was the name given to the language family encompassing Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages.
		New descriptions of poorly documented and previously uncharted Tibeto-Burman languages and advances in Old Chinese historical phonology have enabled detailed linguistic comparison and an historical reconstruction of common morphology.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /host/himalaya/abstracts/sb.html (126 words)

	ysa.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This new award is an annual prize in the amount of US $500, donated by Professor Anne Yue in memory of the eminent linguist and Sinologist, Professor Mantaro J. Hashimoto.
		It is offered as an encouragement to young scholars who wish to devote themselves to the study of Chinese historical phonology, a field in which Professor Hashimoto was especially interested and to which he made numerous important contributions.
		All YSA papers submitted in the field of Chinese historical phonology will automatically be concurrently considered for the MJH Award.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/ealc/IACL/ysa.htm (830 words)

	Prof. Zhang Hongming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Linguistics, particularly the interface between syntax and phonology; Chinese historical linguistics; Chinese poetical meter.
		Aspects of etymology, historical phonology, language evolution, and rules/forms of classical poetic composition (with respect to tonal pattern, rhyme scheme, etc.).
		Second Year Chinese, Third Year Chinese, Introduction to Chinese Linguistics, History of the Chinese Language, Studies in Chinese Syntax and Morphology, Seminar in Chinese Linguistics.
	polyglot.lss.wisc.edu /easian/faculty/hmz.html (60 words)

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