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Topic: Historical European Martial Arts

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	Introduction to Historical European Martial Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The historical function of martial arts within the context of the Medieval and Renaissance eras however was as combatives—systematic skills or disciplined methods of close-combat for single-combat and battlefield survival.
		The term “martial art” was used in regard to fighting skills as early as the 1550s and in an English fencing manual of 1639 referred specifically to the science and art of swordplay.
		He was a prodigious writer on martial arts, military theory, theology, and eventually produced volumes on wrestling, health, gymnastics, ballistics, and swordsmanship.
	www.thearma.org /HEMA.htm (1931 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on martial arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The history of martial arts around the world is therefore quite complex; on the one hand, most groups of people have had to defend themselves and have developed effective fighting techniques, but on the other hand, most of those techniques have been rendered militarily obsolete over the centuries.
		European martial arts have mostly adapted to changing technology and are truer to the English meaning of that phrase, so that while their descendants still exist, martial arts are focused on things like flying helicopters and infantry tactics for riflemen.
		Martial arts practice, with or without actual emphasis in self-defense specific techniques, is a recognized way to both teach positioning strategy and to boost self-confidence thus, subjectively, martial arts in general could be regarded, to some extent, as a kind of self-defense system.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/martial_arts (6920 words)

	Martial arts at AllExperts
		European martial arts have mostly adapted to changing technology and are truer to the English meaning of that phrase, so that while their descendants still exist, martial arts are focused on things like flying helicopters and infantry tactics for riflemen.
		Martial arts existed in classical European civilization, most notably in Greece where sport was integral to the way of life.
		Students within individual martial art systems often undergo periodic testing and grading by their own teacher in order to advance to a higher level of recognized achievement, such as a different belt color or title.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/ma/martial_arts.htm (6763 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Historical European martial arts
		The central figure of late Medieval martial arts, at least in Germany, is Johannes Liechtenauer, first recorded in the late 14th century MS 3227a.
		Examples of martial arts practiced primarily by the military during this period include bayonet fencing, sabre fencing and the use of the lance by cavalry soldiers.
		Another approach to the reconstruction of Medieval and Renaissance martial arts in the USA was pioneered by John Clements in the mid-1980s that focused on the analysis of the works of the historical masters and realistic martial practice.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts (1104 words)

	Martial arts information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Many of the first demonstrations of the martial arts in the west, were done by Asians in vaudeville shows, which served to further reinforce the perception of the martial arts as dramatic performance.
		As part of the response to sport martial arts, new forms of competition are being held such as the Ultimate Fighting Championship in the U.S. or Pancrase in Japan which are also known as mixed martial arts or MMA events.
		Yongmudo is a martial arts invented by field experts and professors of Yongin University, a school specializing in the education of martial arts and sports since 1953.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Martial_arts (5633 words)

	European Martial Arts: Alive & Well
		These groups have as their mission to collectively resurrect the combat skills, philosophies, and principles of an accomplished historical European martial artist and to achieve a state of a recognizable and viable western martial arts tradition.
		Although the martial art has been in a state of suspended animation for the past 500 years, the European masters were diligent in recording the skills, techniques and their practice of swordsmanship.
		The desire is to achieve the highly sophisticated level of swordsmanship dictated by these treatises to ensure that the lineage of skill and expertise is reaffirmed with the past, and to move it into the future.
	www.newyorkcarver.com /martialarts.htm (550 words)

	Historical martial arts reconstruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historical martial arts reconstruction is the process of reviving a martial art with no living tradition.
		This is, however, usually not enough to capture the dynamics of a martial art, and practical experimentation becomes necessary.
		Examples of martial arts reconstruction are Pankration and the various historical European schools of fencing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Historical_martial_arts_reconstruction (388 words)

	rec.martial-arts FAQ part 3 of 4 (LONG)
		In the 1800s the royal Hawaiian family decreed that the art would be restricted to members of the royal Hawaiian family (In fact, it is still illegal to practice the art in the state of Hawaii).
		Historical records state that certain individuals/families from the Iga/Koga (modern Mie/Omi) region were noted for possessing specific skills and were employed (by samurai) to apply those and other skills.
		Martial arts masters from each of China's 92 provinces were brought together with medical experts to compare and evaluate their techniques.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/martial-arts/faq/part3 (13910 words)

	Ars Gladii - Historical European/Western Martial Art, Detroit Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ars Gladii is a martial arts school devoted to the research, reconstruction, practice, and promotion of historical European Martial Arts.
		European warriors, especially those of the Medieval period, are shown often times lumbering around in what seems to be tons of armor, madly crashing through anything in their path.
		Instead, European (also called Western Martial Arts or WMA) martial arts are primarily reconstructed arts, that is they have been arrived at through research and experamentation based upon contemporary written works and extrapolation from existing arts and other martial systems.
	www.arsgladii.com (597 words)

	Schools
		Zornhau is a historical European martial arts school dedicated to the study and training of historical fencing focused on the period during the medieval and later eras.
		British Federation of Historical Swordplay U.K. The British Federation for Historical Swordplay (BFHS) is a national, non political, umbrella group for all individual UK societies involved in the research, study and practice of historical fencing and the European Martial Arts.
		The BFHS is comprised of individual societies researching, teaching and practicing historical fencing from the 13th to the 19th centuries with a martial approach, that is the weapons are regarded as sharp and students are prepared for facing an encounter with live blades.
	www.chicagoswordplayguild.com /c/links/schools.asp (2823 words)

	WMA and HEMA - MartialTalk.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		HEMA is a more specialised sub-group of WMA, and usually refers to European martial arts that have died out or evolved into completely different forms over the decades or centuries, but are now being "revived".
		Luckily, many of the historical European Masters of Defense wrote and illustrated highly detailed combat manuals, and these are the basis for modern reconstruction.
		Other arts may be 'dead', but I still think one would be better served by studying a LT of Grand Baton before trying to work their way through a longsword treatise.
	www.martialtalk.com /forum/showthread.php?t=13562 (1109 words)

	New Zealand Schools of European Martial Arts
		We are a dedicated to the study and reconstruction of European Martial Arts from the written records dating from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries.
		They are even more surprised to learn that these martial arts were not derived from the brute force of "the weightiest sword and the strongest arm", but had sound principles of time, distance, and tactile sense, among many other subtleties.
		This period covers the documented martial arts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries from Burgundy (France), England, the Holy Roman Empire (Germany), and Italy.
	www.swordsmanship.co.nz (471 words)

	European Martial Arts: Alive & Well - Training
		Yet, the very fundamentals of historical European martial arts can be found in the Eastern martial arts as well.
		Considering that the human race is no stranger to war and military conflicts, regardless of country, culture or heritage, the principles of fighting is common to all cultural backgrounds and therefore, applicable to the contemporary culture of today.
		Aside from the learning and training of western martial arts, the training provides robust physical exercise, which in its own right, an important requirement of achieving physical fitness while learning defensive skills.
	www.newyorkcarver.com /martialarts2.htm (325 words)

	Amazon.com: The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe: Books: Sydney Anglo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He seems to miss a main point, namely, that such martial arts were never entirely taught via treatises, and the lack of treatises or the failure of specific types of notation within existing treatises does not at all imply that the art didn't exist, wasn't effective, or wasn't taught.
		One of the greatest problems facing modern enthusiasts of our European martial history is the availability (or lack there of) of scholarly study from the viewpoint of the period in which these arts were practiced.
		Anglo's investigation of the historical treatises and the limitations faced by their authors in committing physical technique to a written format should help provide insight for modern scholars of historical martial arts in interpreting these old works.
	www.amazon.com /Martial-Arts-Renaissance-Europe/dp/0300083521 (2472 words)

	Virtual Library of Sport - martial arts
		Martial Art news Tracking the latest articles and news about martial arts across the web, especially tutorials, history and lineage articles, and other topics.
		The history of the martial arts is complex and not well documented however, some evidence of early martial arts is known...With records of martial arts being practiced in China as early as 5000B.C, the Chinese influence on modern hand to hand combat is unmistakable"...
		Historical European martial arts an educational non-profit organization dedicated to the study and practice of historical fencing and the exploration and promotion of our Western martial heritage.
	www.sportsvl.com /rest/martialarts.htm (4138 words)

	Historical European martial arts Information
		Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA) are martial arts of European origin which were formerly practiced, but have since died out or evolved into very different forms.
		The absolute beginner to Western Martial Arts should begin with the longsword, the rapier, the baskethilt, the staff, or the sword and buckler.
		This should not be taken as an exaustive list of what is avalible in Historic European Martial arts, but only as a set of guidelines on what is most approachable at the time of this writing.
	www.bookrags.com /Historical_European_Martial_Arts (939 words)

	Royal Gunpowder Mills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Schola Gladiatoria is an historical European martial arts group based in West London, Great Britain, founded and led by Matt Easton (click to find out more about Matt).
		Historical European martial arts, HEMA, also known as WMA (western martial arts) are the study and practice of Europe's indigenous historical fighting systems.
		Some of these have living traditions, whilst most have died as lineages (many people are surprised to learn that Europe had and has complex martial arts systems), and so we must use the various detailed historical combat treatises, and our experience and experimentation as martial artists, to breath life back into them.
	www.royalgunpowdermills.com /specialevents_jun2006_martialarts.htm (163 words)

	Martial Arts Planet - 2H European Longsword
		European swordmanship should be based on solid interpretations of the surviving manuals, and after that, obvious extrapolations.
		European Martial Art (especially Greco Roman Wrestling and 2 H sword) somehow got me intetrested in it.
		Martial Arts Planet and the content herein is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.
	www.martialartsplanet.com /forums/showthread.php?goto=lastpost&t=63933 (783 words)

	The Kendall Giles Martial Arts Page
		These martial arts were the ones developed centuries ago to teach warriors how to fight on the battlefield - with weapons and unarmed.
		But the historical Western martial arts teach fighting not with light, whippy, swords to score points, as in Olympic fencing, but how to fight with a variety of weapons, shields, and armour situations.
		There is a lot of research being done in martial arts to try to understand the ancient martial arts texts that exist, both in the Eastern as well as the Western martial arts traditions.
	www.kendallgiles.com /martial_arts.html (790 words)

	[No title]
		This site is dedicated to the almost-lost arts of unarmed combat, dagger fighting and close-quarters sword combat as they were practiced throughout Europe centuries ago.
		There are already many sites on the Web dedicated primarily to historical fencing and swordplay, but relatively few devoted to the arts of close-range and unarmed combat.
		HEMA is apolitical in nature, and hopes to foster respect, enthusiasm and camaraderie among all researchers and practitioners.
	hema.freehomepage.com /index.html (273 words)

	rec.martial-arts FAQ part 1
		A Martial Art can be defined as a system of techniques, physical and mental exercises developed as an effective means for self-defense and offense, both unarmed and with the use of weapons.
		So while it might be appropriate to claim that your martial art, or even maybe the family of martial arts your martial art hails from, is expected to provide something beyond fighting skill, it probably doesn't apply to all martial arts.
		The major issue with children in the martial arts is the integrity and trustworthiness of the teacher and the school.
	idempot.net /rmafaq/rmafaq1.html (7248 words)

	The Black Falcon School of Arms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Our main focus is to re-construct the art of late medieval and early Renaissance English longsword combat as exemplified by three primary texts dated between the early 15th and mid 16th centuries, with possible reference to later sources or those of other countries of origin if applicable.
		This website is intended to inform interested parties about the BFSA, to share research and insights with the greater European martial arts community and to further the goals of the BFSA as stated in the mission statement.
		The Black Falcon School of Arms' purpose is to re-construct the art of late medieval and early Renaissance English combat, with an emphasis upon the use of the longsword.
	www.blackfalconschool.com (306 words)

	myArmoury.com: Western Martial Arts Workshop 2006
		As far as events dedicated to the revival of historical European martial arts go, there are few that are as widely attended as the annual Western Martial Arts Workshop (WMAW).
		What I saw, though, were fencers who had practiced their respective arts and were bringing their skills to the forefront in the spirit of preserving these martial traditions rather than the spirit of playing a game of tag; that is something to be commended.
		Alliance Martial Arts had a booth selling their DVDs, and there were a few vendors selling armour as well.
	www.myarmoury.com /feature_event_wmaw2006.html (1836 words)

	Exiles Approach
		The Medieval and Western European Martial Art community is a small one that is growing daily.
		Many people claim to practise this subject as a martial art and tend to practise skills that have been based solely on experimentation or have been influenced or even copied from Stage Combat, while those that practise them claim an historical foundation based in fact.
		We are actively involved in researching these Arts directly from primary sources - this includes fechtbuchts, such as those written by Talhoffer, Ringeck and Dei Liberei to name but a few, period artwork, written accounts of battles and tournaments and so on.
	www.the-exiles.org /Approach.htm (649 words)

	Paladin Press Author of the Month - Paul Wagner
		The first Western art I learned was the short sword according to George Silver, which to this day remains the single most impressive martial art I have ever come across.
		To most people the term martial arts is associated exclusively with disciplines from Asia, yet the very term is of Western origin and means literally “the arts of Mars,” the god of war.
		Asian martial arts are living traditions that have been passed from master to student for centuries.
	www.paladin-press.com /authormo_1103.aspx (2249 words)

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