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Topic: Historical enclaves

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	Enclave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Büsingen, Germany is an exclave in the canton of Schaffhausen, northern Switzerland.
		In Russia, Moscow is an enclave in Moscow Oblast, although it is the administrative centre of Moscow Oblast.
		In Spain, the Condado de Treviño is an enclave of the Basque province of Álava and administratively part of the province of Burgos in Castile-Leon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enclave (3415 words)

	Enclave
		In human geography, an enclave is a piece of land which is totally enclosed within a foreign territory.
		Enclaves may be created for a variety of historical, political or even geological reasons.
		The town of Baarle in southern Netherlands is made up of the municipality of Baarle-Hertog, a group of 22 Belgian enclaves within the Netherlands, and of the Dutch municipality of Baarle-Nassau, which itself has 3 enclaves in Belgian soil and a small one inside one the Belgian enclave.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/en/enclave.html (2201 words)

	ENCLAVE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In Austria, Vienna is an enclave of Lower_Austria.
		In Belgium, the Brussels-Capital_Region is an enclave of Flanders.
		Again, St._Petersburg is the administrative centre of Leningrad_Oblast, being an enclave in it, although this enclave is not true as it has access to Baltic_Sea.
	www.witwib.com /?s=enclave (3104 words)

	Encyclopedia: Enclave
		Outside Europe, enclaves are to be found in Asia : Location of Baarle-Hertog within the province of Antwerp Baarle-Hertog is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
		RincÃ³n de Ademuz is an enclave of the province of ValÃ¨ncia located between the provinces of Cuenca and Teruel.
		Pavillon de Breteuil, a legal enclave of France, inaugurated by Louis XIV in 1672, and used from 1875 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Enclave (9434 words)

	Who's Indigenous
		This is a historical rather than a geographical process, a political rather than a cultural phenomenon: it involves the enclosing of cultural pockets inside a country by contrast with the conquest of external dependencies.
		The ideal type of an "enclave nation" is the model of an ethnic nation in control of its enclave where most of its members live and constitute the majority population.
		Moreover, all enclaves, by definition, have an ethnic character -- they are occupied by people who are culturally different from those who enclose them -- counties and provinces are also bounded places in a state but they are not enclaves when their residents cannot be distinguished culturally from the peoples who enclose them.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~fredr/indig.htm (6307 words)

	Enclave Article, Enclave Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Enclaves may be created for a variety of historical, political or even geological reasons.Some areas have been left as enclaves simply due to changes in the course of a river.
		Since living in an enclave can be very inconvenient and many agreements have to be found by both countries over mailaddresses, power supply or passage rights, enclaves tend to be eliminated and many cases that existed before have now beensolved.
		Pondicherry is a Union Territory which is composed of Pondicherry City and Karaikal (coastal enclaves of Tamil Nadu), Yanam (coastal enclave of Andhra Pradesh) and Mahe (coastal enclaveof Kerala).
	www.anoca.org /enclaves/exclave/enclave.html (2374 words)

	Enclave Suites
		For example, West Berlin was an enclave of East Germany which surrounded it, but an exclave of West Germany, to which it belonged.
		I found the first sentence on Google by searching for "enclave exclave": :''An enclave is a geographical territory which is completely surrounded by foreign territory.
		Such a territory is called an enclave only in respect to the surrounding foreign territory and an exclavein respect to the territory to which it is politically attached.'' http://vwww.abo.fi/users/rpalmber/enclaves.htm Is this a copyright violation, or should we just credit it, or what?
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/56/enclave-suites.html (1070 words)

	ENCLAVES: THEORY
		Enclave Nations: some "national peoples" live in exclaves, and others in enclaves, i.e., some are geographically separated from the country they belong to, but others are enclosed by it.
		Thus, although we may see an enclave as a "minority people", in fact it is often a place (region, zone) with a mixed population, with both dominant and marginalized minorities.
		Historically, the new states created since World War II are former exclaves, and virtually all the exclaves of the modern empires have become states (the exclaves of traditional empires gained their independence earlier, especially after World War I).
	www2.hawaii.edu /~fredr/gurr.htm (1840 words)

	Farm History
		While American communitarianism has historically had stronger and weaker periods, it has been an ongoing theme in American life for over three centuries, and it was very much there when a new generation of dissenters decided to give it a whirl.
		That is not to say that every new commune deliberately studies the historic communal tradition and tries to build on it.
		Catholic communitarianism historically has been centered in the religious orders, and as the larger culture shifted in midcentury the winds of change blew through many of them.
	www.thefarm.org /lifestyle/root1.html (3828 words)

	Historical enclaves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Throughout history there has been a number of enclaves created that, for whatever reason, no longer exist.
		Kowloon Walled City - enclave inside Kowloon, Hong Kong.
		Question of jurisdiction led to hands-off approach adopted by People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom until solution was agreed upon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Historical_enclaves (126 words)

	Early Enclaves : Historical Society of Pennsylvania
		While revolutionaries, merchants, and diplomats from the Spanish-speaking world passed through colonial and early national Philadelphia, the formation of resident Spanish-speaking communities in the city dates to the latter half of the 19th century, as Philadelphia became important in the manufacture of tobacco products and Cuban and Puerto Rican cigar makers settled in the area.
		Another enclave of Spanish-speakers was concentrated in Northern Liberties, home to cigar-making factories as well as to the offices of the Cigar Makers International Union Local #165 (at 13th and Spring Garden Streets) and the Marshall Street Market, a center of community life.
		Between 1920 and 1960, the stretch of Marshall Street running north from Spring Garden to Girard Avenue was a hub of commercial activity, attracting many Spanish-speaking workers to the nearby cigar and garment factories.
	www.hsp.org /default.aspx?id=361 (886 words)

	Baarle Nassau and Baarle Hertog
		In 1388 her jurisdiction over the enclaves in the Land of Breda was pawned to the Lord of Breda.
		A part of these parcels constitute the (at least) twenty Belgian enclaves, presently Baarle Hertog, which are situated either within the territory of the Dutch municipality of Baarle-Nassau or, in the case of the agrarian region of Zondereigen, in the surrounding land.
		To make the enclaves visible for the visitor, the little plates with the house numbers are made to look different: ovals with the Belgian colours and rectangles with Dutch colours.
	ontology.buffalo.edu /smith/baarle.htm (2661 words)

	Course Descriptions
		An analysis of the nature and functions of history, its relation to other disciplines, the basic principles of historical method, bibliography, and the techniques of historical research and writing in connection with which at least one paper is prepared.
		Written work in the course will consist of brief weekly film reviews/reaction papers and a longer 10-15 page review essay (cf NY Review of Books) on a theme and group of films selected by the student, choices which could reflect their regional or thematic fields.
		Analysis of local communities (urban and rural enclaves, subcultures, minorities, social structures), national communities (nationhood, nationalism, national identity), and transnational communities (sojourners, middlemen minorities, labor migrants, and cultural corridors).
	ase.tufts.edu /history/courses/graduate.html (500 words)

	Islam and Soviet Heritage
		The historically compact habitation of a Russian ethnicity was ignored in Central Asia, and in Kazakhstan in particular.
		Then the fight of the indigenous Armenian population for the territory of their millennial historical habitation was the centre of the main tension in the region.
		During territorial-administrative reforms in the USSR no Russian autonomous formations were created in the enclaves of historical habitation of the Russians in the Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldavia and the Baltic countries.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2000/02/islam/367.htm (3496 words)

	Investing in Nicaragua
		Historical Preservation Sites Regulations: A document prepared by INTUR, in agreement with INC, dictating the conditions under which investments and donations for projects of Setting of Historical Preservation, qualify for the effects of this Law.
		In the case of a partial restoration of a property located within a Historical Preservation Enclave, that is, the external restoration or only the facade, but which includes improvements planned for the sidewalk and the planned public illumination system.
		The lack of compliance, in the opinion of INTUR, with the architectural standards, and the established historical conservation for Historical Preservation Enclaves, on the part of the beneficiaries, shall be cause for the immediate suspension of all granted exemptions, as well as possible sanctions, as per terms established by the Regulations of this Law.
	www.puravidarealestate.com /law_306.htm (7284 words)

	Major Religions Ranked by Size
		From a sociological and historical perspective, most religions have arisen from within existing religious frameworks: Christianity from Judaism, Buddhism from Hinduism, Babi and Baha'i faiths from Islam, etc. For the purposes of defining a religion we need to have some cutoff point.
		As is true with all major religions, there are adherents within all branches of Islam who consider some of or all of the other branches heterodox or not actually part of their religion.
		From a worldwide and historical perspective, Vodoun is properly classified as a branch of African diasporic religion, in the same way that Lutheranism is a subset of Christianity.
	www.adherents.com /Religions_By_Adherents.html (11821 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Enclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Enclave; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Enclave (3545 words)

	Dr. Ellen K. Rudolph - Welcome to the 'Burg!
		Yes, the Atlantic seaboard is the most densely populated corridor in the United States but tucked away within that urban melee is the historical triangle of Williamsburg, Jamestown and Yorktown, Virginia.
		If you are a war buff you will love the whole historic triangle area there are re-enactments going on year-round and living history museums will get your attention.
		The weather is not consistent throughout the region so on a rainy day in the Historic Triangle you could head southward to Norfolk, about an hour's drive.
	www.drellenrudolph.com /'Burg/'burg.html (1325 words)

	Nichols/Prostitution, Polygamy, and Power. References
		Boyce, Ronald R. "An Historical Geography of Greater Salt Lake City, Utah." M.A. thesis, University of Utah, 1957.
		Strain of Violence: Historical Studies of American Violence and Vigilantism.
		Cannon, George Q. A Review of the Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in the Case of George Reynolds vs. the United States.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /epub/books/nichols/biblio.html (5381 words)

	www.filipinopress.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In San Francisco, a new Manilatown center that will house photos of the old 10-block Filipino community, plus a performing arts and gallery space, is scheduled to be built by late 2004 or early 2005.
		The foundation recently received a $4,000 grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation to help save the Emerald Restaurant, plus two boarded-up buildings that were once the Rizal Social Club and a residential hotel that was home to hundreds of Filipinos.
		The foundation and historical society hope to build a national Filipino-American museum on that block.
	www.filipinopress.com /122802/headline1.htm (831 words)

	Rough Guides Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Under the long shadows cast by the giddy towers and spires are the dusty temples, fragrant medicinal shops, and colonial buildings of old Singapore, neatly divided into historical enclaves, each home to a different ethnic culture.
		Much of Singapore’s fascination springs from its multicultural population: of the 2.7 million inhabitants, 78 percent are Chinese, a figure reflected in the predominance of shops, restaurants and temples across the island; fourteen percent are Malays; and seven percent are Indians (the remaining one percent is made up of other ethnic groups).
		Each surrounding enclave has its own distinct flavour, ranging from the aromatic spice stores of Little India, to the tumbledown backstreets of Chinatown, where it’s still possible to happen upon calligraphers and fortune tellers, or the Arab Quarter, whose cluttered stores sell fine cloths and silks.
	www.roughguides.com /store/details.html?ProductID=69 (1155 words)

	Little Manila Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Little Manila Foundation, a grass-roots group seeking to preserve three historic buildings in Stockton's Gleason Park area, is a viable competitor in the bid to win the entire project and should be able to meet the October proposal deadline, a former Oakland planning commissioner said Monday.
		Announced 5.29.03 at the National Press Club in Washington D.C. By 1946, Stockton, California had became the home to the largest Filipino community outside of the Philippines, who had been lured of agricultural jobs and the promise of a better life in America.
		But a crosstown freeway cut through the neighborhood in the early 1970s, and the once-vibrant enclave is now just a shadow of what it once was.
	www.littlemanila.net /resources.htm (922 words)

	The New Era of Mexican Migration to the United States
		With documents in hand, Mexicans were suddenly free to leave historical enclaves and established niches to search for better opportunities elsewhere; and, as legalized immigrants dispersed geographically, so did later waves of immigrants arriving to join them.
		In reversing its historical opposition to dual nationality, the Mexican government sought to accomplish several goals.
		The historical disinterest of Mexican authorities in the situation of migrant communities and in the specific problems of the immigrants themselves has spurred many current and former migrants to political action in Mexico, often within channels outside the official party.
	www.indiana.edu /~jah/mexico/jdurand.html (7781 words)

	Lori Duff's Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		African-American contributions to the creation of the west have often been overlooked by scholars or forgotten in our collective American history.
		Through this project these tiny historical enclaves of freedom can be preserved - thereby providing a new sense of cultural insight and pride for all races.
		As a former Peace Corps volunteer in Africa, I am intimately interested in the intersection of American and African cultures and how the history of slavery affects our future as a nation.
	newhouse.syr.edu /alexia/2003/student/loriproposal.html (443 words)

	NYU Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The historical tours, enlivened by colorful photographs and illustrations, chronicle the evolution of the communities--African, German, Irish, Chinese, Jewish, and Italian--for whom the Lower East Side served as an entryway into America.
		Combining educational historical accounts with enchanting scenic tours, the heritage tours impart a keen sense of the legacies waiting to be discovered in the Lower East Side's remarkable past.
		Ruth Limmer, editor of Tenement Times, a publication of the Lower East Side Tenement Museum, is the editor of What the Woman Lived: Selected Letters of Louise Bogan, 1920-1970 and Journey Around My Room.
	www.nyupress.org /product_info.php?products_id=799 (204 words)

	Travel Photography
		The three ships are great fun to photograph and I always am challenged to find interesting light-driven images in those historical enclaves.
		The weather is not consistent throughout the region so on a rainy day in the Historic Triangle you could head southward to Norfolk, barely an hour's drive.
		She also specializes in historic Williamsburg, Virginia imagry and Virginia flora and fauna.
	www.travelphotographers.net /articles1003/er1003-1.html (1569 words)

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