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	Historical materialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historical materialism is the methodological approach to the study of society, economics and history which was first articulated by Karl Marx (1818-1883), although Marx himself never used the term.
		Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and changes in human societies in the way in which humans collectively make the means to life, thus giving an emphasis, through economic analysis, to everything that co-exists with the economic base of society (e.g.
		Historical materialism builds upon the idea that became current in philosophy from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries that the development of human society has moved through a series of stages, from hunting and gathering, through pastoralism and cultivation, to commercial society.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Historical_materialism (3769 words)

	dialectical materialism - Encyclopedia.com
		Historical materialism is deterministic; that is, it prescribes that history inevitably follows certain laws and that individuals have little or no influence on its development.
		Central to historical materialism is the belief that change takes place through the meeting of two opposing forces (thesis and antithesis); their opposition is resolved by combination produced by a higher force (synthesis).
		pertinence in the discourse of dialectical materialism, or bianzheng weiwu zhuyi...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:dialcti-mat (1000 words)

	historical materialism - Encyclopedia.com
		Historical materialism and the Catholic Church: the Irish example.
		Virginia Woolf and the Renaissance: the promise of capital and the violence of materialism.
		Unreliable narration and the historical variability of values and norms: the Vicar of Wakefield as a test case of a cultural-historical narratology.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-historic.html (789 words)

	HISTORICAL MATERIALISM
		Historical materialism elevates the principle of the dialectical relationship between the particular and the general, which reveals the essence of phenomena, to the theoretical foundation of the dialectical understanding of history.
		Historical materialism is the central concept of social analysis in the work of Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Frederick Engels (1820-1895).
		Historical materialism posits that relations of production which become stabilised and reproduce themselves are structures which can no longer be changed gradually, piecemeal.
	sociologyindex.com /historical_materialism.htm (1197 words)

	Theory, ideology and historical materialism - Brazil/Guyana/Suriname/FGuiana Anarchist movement - Anarkismo
		Historical materialism works with heuristic concepts, that is to say, concepts (instruments of theory) are not ideal types or models that “fit” the reality of fact, in empirics; on the contrary, concepts must be the product of historical analysis and must be transformed in accordance with the reality which is being worked on.
		Historical materialism is concerned with understanding what is real in order to transform it from the point of view of the workers, based on the experience of the workers’ previous struggles and current struggles.
		Historical materialism is not the dialectical materialism: dialectical materialism is the attempt to establish a-historical laws in order to understand the natural and social world, and the belief some of these laws can even be used to understand concrete situations.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=5744 (1112 words)

	Dialectical materialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dialectical materialism is the philosophical basis of Marxism as defined by later Communists and their Parties (sometimes called "orthodox" Marxism).
		They note that the term "dialectical materialism" originates with Russian theorist Georgi Plekhanov and that Marx preferred the term "the materialist conception of history", which was later shortened to "historical materialism" by Engels.
		And apart from the historical materialists, other thinkers in Marxist philosophy have had recourse to the original texts of Marx and Engels and have created other Marxist philosophical projects and concepts which are alternatives, and sometimes rivals, to the often-Party-sponsored ideas of "diamat" (an abbreviation for "dialectical materialism").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dialectical_materialism (746 words)

	Marxist Philosophy: Dialectical and Historical Materialism
		Materialism is the philosophical principle that the world is real and knowable and that ideas come from interacting with the world (as opposed to philosophical "idealism," which says that the world is a product of some idea or ideal).
		Historical materialism is the extension of the principles of dialectical materialism to the study of social life, the study of society and history.
		The practical significance of the principles of dialectical and historical materialism is expressed in the law of causality.
	www.scienceofsociety.org /philosophy/philosg.dhm.html (628 words)

	Copyleft vs. Copyright: A Marxist critique (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Historical materialism [3] starts with the assumption that human consciousness is conditioned by its physical environment, and therefore that primacy in society flows from its material base to its organisation of social life.
		Now when historical materialism has proved to be functional in describing the evolving forces of production and the fettering of those forces, we are required to examine the accuracy of its prediction that the relations of production are affected too [65].
		Recalling historical materialism, one of its foundation states that "the class which rules through a period, or emerges triumphant after epochal conflict, is the class best suited, most able, and disposed, to preside over the development of the productive forces at the given time" [68].
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue7_3/soderberg/index.html (11056 words)

	On Historical Materialism by Franz Mehring: Part I
		They say, more or less, that historical materialism is an arbitrary construction of history which squeezes the uncommonly manifold life of humanity into a bare formula: that it denies all ideal forces, that it makes humanity into a helpless plaything of a mechanical development, and that it rejects all moral standards.
		Historical materialism is no closed system crowned by an ultimate truth; it is the scientific method for the investigation of processes of human development.
		Historical materialism, far from denying the ideal forces, studies them down to their very basis, so that it can achieve the necessary clarity about where the power of ideas is drawn from.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/socstud/tmp_store/mia/Library/archive/mehring/works/historical-materialism/01.htm (6761 words)

	Marx's Concepts of Historical Materialism and Alienation
		Before discussing Marx’s concepts of historical materialism and alienation, it is helpful to examine his concept of the human being.
		Historical materialism is not the way that human beings gain money and have more material comfort neither the material desires to gain satisfaction.
		Based on the material life, human beings further develop and process consciousness, which is considered the fourth aspect of the fundamental historical relationship.
	www.struggle.net /mhf/alienation.htm (2644 words)

	Croce
		Historical materialism is not and cannot be a new philosophy of history or a new method; but it is properly this; a mass of new data, of new experiences, of which the historian becomes conscious.
		Just as philosophical materialism does not consist in the assertion that bodily facts have an influence over spiritual, but rather in the making of these latter a mere appearance, without reality, of the former: so historical materialism must consist in asserting that economics is the true reality and that law is a fallacious appearance.
		Historical materialism if it is to express something critically acceptable, can, as I have had occasion to state elsewhere,(27) be neither a new a priori notion of the philosophy of history, nor a new method of historical* thought; it must be simply a canon of historical interpretation.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/marx/croce.htm (17766 words)

	[No title]
		Because Marx grounded the historical process in the real world social relations of human beings, and because the foregoing forms of social idealism also grounded the historical process in the real world of social relations of human beings, both historical materialism and social idealism express the same thing.
		Both historical materialism and social constructionism are neither materialist nor idealist precisely because they bridge the gap between the two, demonstrating that the distinction is either analytical (which is useful if kept at this level) or a false dichotomy (when treated objectively).
		He then points out the importance of historicity: It is a further aim of this study to view the various aspects of Marx's thought against the background of their intellectual origins....
	www.mtsu.edu /~jaeller/text/hismat3 (5813 words)

	Dialectical and Historical Materialism
		It is called dialectical materialism because its approach to the phenomena of nature, its method of studying and apprehending them, is dialectical, while its interpretation of the phenomena of nature, its conception of these phenomena, its theory, is materialistic.
		It is easy to understand how immensely important is the extension of the principles of philosophical materialism to the study of social life, of the history of society, and how immensely important is the application of these principles to the history of society and to the practical activities of the party of the proletariat.
		There can be no doubt that the concept "conditions of material life of society" includes, first of all, nature which surrounds society, geographical environment, which is one of the indispensable and constant conditions of material life of society and which, of course, influences the development of society.
	art-bin.com /art/ostalineng.html (7075 words)

	Workers World Dec. 3, 1998: What is meant by historical materialism
		Materialism takes the focus away from a discussion of abstract ideals that society is supposed to be emulating, and looks at the actual material organization of society.
		People are tied to their material conditions of existence, and it is those conditions that determine the way they think.
		The material condition is what also determines the society's institutions, such as the legal system and the political superstructure--that is, the state.
	www.workers.org /ww/1998/materialism1203.php (1011 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		The philosophy of history of Marxism is known as historical materialism.
		Historical materialists therefore insist that revolutionary changes in modes of production, that is, transitions from one mode to another, occur after class struggle and polarization, but are always materially rooted in the changing relations between the level of development of the productive forces (technology) and property systems ('relations of production').
		However, for all its multiple faults even the severest critics concede that historical materialism has deepened the scope of historical inquiry, and some maintain that the insights of historical materialism can be detached from the rest of the Marxist system and used as a set of heuristics.
	www.bloomsbury.com /ARC/CrossRef.asp?book=2&ref=historical%20materialism (591 words)

	Marx's Concepts of Historical Materialism and Alienation
		The concept of historical materialism is his unique notion of the human species’ historical development.
		For Marx, the concept of materialism is “the study of the real economic and social life of man and of the influence of man’s actual way of life on this thinking and feeling” (p.
		Thus, the first historical act is to produce materials to satisfy these needs and to establish the relation to the rest of nature.
	struggle.net /mhf/alienation.htm (2644 words)

	What is Historical materialism
		The historic peculiarities of Russia and their relative weight will be characterised by us in the early chapters of this book which give a short outline of the development of Russian society and its inner forces.
		The whole previous view of history was based on conception that the ultimate causes of all historical changes are to be looked for in the changing ideas of human beings, and that of all historical changes political changes are the most important and dominate the whole of history.
		That the ruling big bourgeoisie has fulfilled its historic mission, that it is no longer capable of the leadership of society and has even become a hindrance to the development of production, as the trade crisis, and especially the last great collapse, and the depressed condition of industry in all countries have proved.
	www.marxist.com /Theory/study_guide2.html (16258 words)

	Dialectical and Historical Materialism
		This force, historical materialism holds, is the method of procuring the means of life necessary for human existence, the mode of production of material values - food, clothing, footwear, houses, fuel, instruments of production, etc. - which are indispensable for the life and development of society.
		At a certain stage of their development, the material productive forces of society come in conflict with the existing relations of production, or - what is but a legal expression for the same thing - with the property relations within which they have been at work hitherto.
		In considering such transformations a distinction should always be made between the material transformation of the economic conditions of production, which can be determined with the precision of natural science, and the legal, political, religious, aesthetic or philosophic - in short, ideological forms in which men become conscious of this conflict and fight it out.
	www.art-bin.com /art/ostalineng.html (7075 words)

	Historical Materialism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Marxism and the study of history, historical materialism is a method which accounts for the developments and changes in human history according to economical, technological, and more broadly, material development.
		As Karl Marx analyzed the logic of capitalism, he developed the concept of historical materialism based on the idea that human beings have entered into the following productive relations in historical order: the communal hunting and gathering of food, the relation of lord and serf, and the contract between labor and capital.
		This interchangeability is contested - according to certain Marxists, historical materialism is a specifically sociological method (ie, fundamentally suited to the study of relationships involving at least a single subject, not only objects).
	www.wikiverse.org /historical-materialism (858 words)

	Materialism And Historical Materialism
		This conception is common to all "schools of materialism." What distinguishes Marxism materialism from other schools must be learned from its various polemical works dealing with practical questions of politics and society.
		In his writing he does not deal with philosophy nor does he formulate materialism into a system of philosophy; he is utilizing it as a method for the study of the world and thus demonstrates its validity.
		The validity of his materialism, however, depended on whether he was successful in presenting a clear and comprehensive interpretation of religion.
	www.geocities.com /~johngray/panmat01.htm (3619 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Hi
		And indeed this is an historical act, a fundamental condition of all history, which today, as thousands of years ago, must daily and hourly be fulfilled merely in order to sustain human life.
		The third circumstance which, from the very outset, enters into historical development, is that [humans], who daily remake their own life, begin to make other [humans], to propagate their kind: the relation between man and woman, parents and children, the family.
		One broad example of historical bias can be found simply in the subject of history — from the historian who details events of kings and queens, presidents and premiers, implicitly positing that history is primarily about leaders rather than the life of the masses.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/h/i.htm (2828 words)

	Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (Chpt. 3)
		The individual producer, as a rule, had, from raw material belonging to himself, and generally his own handiwork, produced it with his own tools, by the labor of his own hands or of his family.
		Since the historical appearance of the capitalist mode of production, the appropriation by society of all the means of production has often been dreamed of, more or less vaguely, by individuals, as well as by sects, as the ideal of the future.
		And, in fact, the abolition of classes in society presupposes a degree of historical evolution at which the existence, not simply of this or that particular ruling class, but of any ruling class at all, and, therefore, the existence of class distinction itself, has become a obsolete anachronism.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/ch03.htm (6744 words)

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