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	Anarchism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anarchism comprises various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of the State, and authoritarian social and economic relationships.
		Historically, anarcho-communism is believed to have been put into practice by millions of people in the anarchist collectives and communes of the anarchist-controlled region of Ukraine during the Russian Revolution, and during the Spanish Civil War in the Aragon and Catalonia regions of Spain.
		Insurrectionary anarchism is not an ideological solution to all social problems, a commodity on the capitalist market of ideologies and opinions, but an on-going praxis aimed at putting an end to the domination of the state and the continuance of capitalism, which requires analysis and discussion to advance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anarchism (8347 words)

	Anarchism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anarchism is a term which encompasses a variety of political philosophies, social movements, and political ideologies that advocate the abolition of all forms of coercion (including any social hierarchy of a dominating nature).
		Proponents of anarchism argue that relations based upon voluntary cooperation and mutual aid will lead to a society characterized by the ability of each actor to have a say in outcomes proportionate to the degree they are affected by them, a society consisting of free individuals.
		Historically, anarcho-communism has been said to have been put into practice by millions of people in the anarchist collectives and communes of the anarchist-controlled region of Ukraine during the Russian Revolution, and during the Spanish Civil War in the Aragon and Catalonia regions of Spain.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Anarchism (8404 words)

	Anarchism Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anarchism is a generic term given to political philosophies advocating a society without traditional forms of government.
		Anarchism first achieved mass media attention during the Second Industrial Revolution, when anarchists assassinated rulers of Russia (1881); the French Republic (1894); Italy (1900); and the United States (1901).
		Though anarchists took control of large areas of the east of Spain during the civil war in the 1930s, anarchism was never taken as a central ideology for any nation or society for any significant length of time.
	www.xplosive.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/a/an/anarchism.html (1178 words)

	Institute for Social Ecology - Anarchism: Past and Present
		Historically, it is not accidental that Anarchism in Spain, in the Ukraine, and, in its Zapatista form in Mexico, could be crushed only by a genocidal destruction of its social roots, notably the village.
		The seeming "atavism" of Anarchism -- its attempts to retain artisanship, the mutual aid of the community, a closeness to nature and enlightened ethical norms -- are its virtues insofar as they seek to retain those richly articulated, cooperative, and self-expressive forms of human consociation scaled to human dimensions.
		Anarchism, in effect, provides the materials for an analysis of the nature of freedom and the nature of oppression that go beyond the conventional economistic, nexus of capitalist society into the very sensibility, structure, and nature of human consociation as such.
	www.social-ecology.org /article.php?story=20031117102316395 (3606 words)

	A.1 What is anarchism? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As such anarchism opposes all forms of hierarchical control - be that control by the state or a capitaalist - as harmful to the individual and their individuality as well as unnecessary.
		Anarchism unites critical analysis with hope, for, as Bakunin (in his pre-anarchist days) pointed out, "the urge to destroy is a creative urge." One cannot build a better society without understanding what is wrong with the present one.
		Thus, while anarchism as a political theory is an expression of working class struggle and self-activity against capitalism and the modern state, the ideas of anarchism have continually expressed themselves in action throughout human existence.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/1931/secA1.html (5844 words)

	Anarchism: Arguments for and against -- by Albert Meltzer
		Anarchism is neither a mindless theory of destruction nor, despite some liberal-minded literary conceptions, is it hero-worship of people or institutions, however liberated they might be.
		On the contrary: had anarchism been victorious in any period before 1914, it would have been a triumph for the poorer peasants and artisans, rather than among the industrial proletariat amongst whom the concept of anarchy was not widespread.
		Anarchism, said Marx, was the movement of the artisan worker -- that is to say, the self-employed craftsman with some leisure to think and talk, not subject to factory hours and discipline, independently-minded and difficult to threaten, not backward like the peasantry.
	www.spunk.org /library/writers/meltzer/sp001500.html (15157 words)

	Anarchism - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		Anarchism is a generic name given to theories and movements that call for the abolition of government and other forms of authority.
		For historical details about the word "anarchism", and information on its proper usage, see the article etymology of the word anarchism.
		Below are links to articles that discuss and argue various aspects of anarchism, from the points of view of anarchists of various trends, as well as of non-anarchists.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/an/AnarchisM.html (437 words)

	Whither Anarchism?
		At one extreme of anarchism is a liberal ideology that focuses overwhelmingly on the abstract individual (often drawing on bourgeois ideologies), supports personal autonomy, and advances a negative rather than a substantive concept of liberty.
		In periods of capitalist stability, social anarchism is often eclipsed on the Left by reform-oriented social-democratic and liberal ideologies, while lifestyle anarchism emerges as the embodiment of anarchism par excellence.
		Anarchism's lifestyle tendencies orient young people toward a kind of rebellion that expresses itself in terms of narcissism, self-expression, intuition, and personalism--an orientation that stands sharply at odds with the socialistic core of anarchism that was celebrated by Bakunin, Kropotkin, and Malatesta, among so many others.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/whither.html (17788 words)

	Nihilism - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was also an historically significant political movement in 19th-century Russia.
		In fact, many forms of anarchism rely on the existence or creation of a strong community.
		Though it is often described as a fundamentally nihilist philosophy, before entering a brief discussion on postmodern thought it is important to note that nihilism itself is open to postmodern criticism: nihilism is a claim to a universal truth, exactly what postmodernism rejects.
	www.free-definition.com /Nihilism.html (2161 words)

	FdCA: The communist origins of anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this way anarcho-communism distances itself from the historical path of anarchist communism (understood as a theory for the emancipation of the oppressed classes and therefore inseparably linked to the class struggle) and becomes instead a theory which is valid for everyone.
		Neither does their action, unlike that of the anarchist communists, have to form part of the process of political growth of the working class and its allies, derected at the riappropriation of the capacity for self-organization of the struggles and of society.
		After the decline of anarchism at the end of the last century into an isolationist period of terrorist acts, in many countries it re-discovered its mass base through anarcho-syndicalism, in other words in those workers' organizations which slowly brought anarchism back to its communist roots.
	www.fdca.it /fdcaen/historical/comorig.htm (1597 words)

	Post Colonial Anarchism
		A different way of understanding anarchism in relation to the centuries-old struggle against arbitrary power is to view it as the newest member of a global family that includes numerous historical and present day communal societies and struggles against authority.
		They feel that nationalism is in opposition to their work because historically its Euro- and Anglo- manifestations have been so closely tied to imperialism, and racism that, for them, it's not a revolutionary option.
		And political leaders who resort to blood and soil tales of national origins do so because their reactionary nationalism is rooted in appeals to racism and imperialism and therefore needs a biological- land tie.
	colours.mahost.org /articles/white2.html (5005 words)

	'Notes on Anarchism' by Noam Chomsky
		Rudolf Rocker describes modern anarchism as "the confluence of the two great currents which during and since the French revolution have found such characteristic expression in the intellectual life of Europe: Socialism and Liberalism." The classical liberal ideals, he argues, were wrecked on the realities of capitalist economic forms.
		Anarchism is necessarily anticapitalist in that it "opposes the exploitation of man by man." But anarchism also opposes "the dominion of man over man." It insists that "socialism will be free or it will not be at all.
		In its recognition of this lies the genuine and profound justification for the existence of anarchism."[14] From this point of view, anarchism may be regarded as the libertarian wing of socialism.
	www.spunk.org /library/intro/sp000281.html (4320 words)

	Appendix: Defining Anarchism
		Anarchism: The theory or doctrine that all forms of government are unnecessary, oppressive, and undesirable and should be abolished.
		The word "book" means whatever people happen to have in mind when they think of "books"; if historical investigation were to discover that the term derives from ancient Egyptian, and at that time meant "parchment," this would not show that current usage is "wrong." It would show that words change their meaning.
		Thus, my suggested definition is preferable to the definition based upon the Greek origin of the word "anarchy," because my definition fits more closely with the standard usage of most English speakers in general, and the standard usage of Internet users in particular.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/def.htm (819 words)

	Anarchist Theory FAQ Version 5.2
		Anarchism is defined by The American Heritage College Dictionary as "The theory or doctrine that all forms of government are unnecessary, oppressive, and undesirable and should be abolished." Anarchism is a negative; it holds that one thing, namely government, is bad and should be abolished.
		The conservative critique of anarchism is much less developed, but can be teased out of the writings of such authors as Edmund Burke, Russell Kirk, and Ernest van den Haag.
		Anarchism of this sort is a kind of ideal dream, which is beautiful and inspiring to contemplate while we pursue more concrete aims.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/anarfaq.htm (17216 words)

	Frank Popper Interview / Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anyone who looks at the historical record of the juncture of art and technology finds you nearly unaccompanied when it comes to documenting this historical record between the years of the late-1960’s up to the early 1990s.
		At first, my reaction was that some of these works would share the fate of sculpture, where an original mould is the basis for the "tirage" of any number of "copies" and the question of the "aura" of the original work of art does not even arise.
		But what we have to consider essentially is the difference between the historical value and the contemporary value of a work of art in the electronic era.
	www.eyewithwings.net /nechvatal/popper/intervewww1.html (8105 words)

	Eyal's Radical Corner - Anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		What Anarchism proposes is almost diametrically opposed to Lenin's variety of Socialism - not to mention the sad degeneration of even that flawed experiment from Stalin's days onward.
		The Bolshevik faction of the Russian Communist Party, which took power in the name of the Working Class (and the peasants, sort of) in October 1917 believed that the liquidation of the previous expoiting classes (the Russian Aristocracy and Bourgeoisie) and a transition to state Capitalism are enough to propel the revolution towards ultimate success.
		In a nutshell, I will say is that after considering the views and actions of both sides, I came to the conclusion Anarchism is right and Marxism wrong.
	www.earendil.ath.cx /radical/anarchism.html (1849 words)

	The communist origins of anarchism - International History of anarchism - Anarkismo
		The communist origins of anarchism - International History of anarchism - Anarkismo
		While anarchism was born decidedly communist, it is true that the persecution of the international by the governments of the period led to deviations of Bakuninist theory, deviations which would leave their mark on the history of the anarchist movement, above all on the Italian movement.
		If the revolution must be armed and destroy the State, understood as the centre of oppression, then revolutionaries must concretely practice armed struggle against the State as of now.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=38 (1785 words)

	Newswire - History of anarchism - Anarkismo
		The anarchist movement was strongest in the urban areas of the Straits Settlements and the more developed Malay states but fizzled out in 1925 after a botched attempt to assassinate the Governor of the Straits Settlement in Penang, and universal revulsion to the results of a bomb thrown into the Chinese protectorate.
		It is no longer possible to confuse a programme with theory or strategy, or the "sacred principles" (theory) with tactical flexibility and the flexibility of the programme.
		Greek translation of "The communist origins of anarchism" by A. Dada.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?topic=historyofanarchism (810 words)

	Cave Culture » Blog Archive » Noam Chomsky on anarchism (reprint from ZMAG Dec 6th, 2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Do you agree with this theoretical separation, and in this perspective, where do you see the historical beginnings (origins) of anarchism in the U.S. NC: The individualistic anarchism that you are talking about, Stirner and others, is one of the roots of — among other things — the so-called “libertarian” movement in the US.
		ZV: Ordinary people often confuse anarchism with chaos and violence, and do not know that anarchism (an archos) doesn’t mean life or state of things without rules, but rather a highly organized social order, life without a ruler, “principe”.
		NC: There has been an element within the anarchist movement that has been concerned with “propaganda by the deed,” often with violence, and it is quite natural that power centers seize on it in an effort to undermine any attempt for independence and freedom, by identifying it with violence.
	caveculture.bonsonno.org /?p=8 (3291 words)

	ZNet \| Interviews \| Anarchism Interview
		Do you agree with this theoretical separation, and in this perspective, where do you see the historical beginnings (origins) of anarchism in the U.S. The individualistic anarchism that you are talking about, Stirner and others, is one of the roots of -- among other things -- the so-called âlibertarianâ movement in the US.
		I donât think we have to work very hard to bring ordinary people in the US, who never heard of authentic anarchism, to help them come to the kind of understanding that young women from the farms and workers from the urban slums had from 1850s, also on their own.
		In the mid 19 century when the workers in the mills, in Lowell and in Salem, were developing a very lively and active working class culture, I doubt that they knew anything about the Transcendentalists, who were right from the same neighborhood and about the same period.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=6805§ionID=36 (3231 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Anarchism: From Theory to Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		That's not how anarchism was or is and only people who haven't expierienced it would say otherwise.
		Daniel Guerin walks the reader through it all, neatly dividing it into three parts: the origins of the ideas in part 1; the assorted approaches to the theory in part 2; and the revolutionary practice in part 3, going up to the late 1960s (the book came out in 1970).
		This book puts the lie to anyone who equates anarchism with violence and turmoil, revealing it instead to be a sincere effort of working class people to build a better world.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0853451753?v=glance (1282 words)

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