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Topic: History from below

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	Social history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social history is an area of historical study considered by some to be a social science that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing social trends.
		In this view, it may include areas of economic history, legal history and the analysis of other aspects of civil society that show the evolution of social norms, behaviors and mores.
		While proponents of history from below and the French annales school of historians have considered themselves part of social history, it is seen as a much broader movement among historians in the development of historiography.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_history (316 words)

	Station Information - History from below
		This form of social history focuses on the perspectives of regular individuals within society as well as individuals and regions that were not previously considered historically important.
		History from below is far more likley to draw on other fields that is history from above.
		It is closely linked with economics and economic history, it also draws heavily upon sociology and anthropology.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_from_below.html (282 words)

	History From Below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		History From Below is an exciting primer, enabling "ordinary" people, non-academics, to recover their own personal and community's pasts.
		Such disregard for the history of ordinary people has led to a movement for "history from below." This movement asserts that workers, women, immigrants, and ethnic and racial minorities have a history that deserves to be uncovered and made known.
		Histories of the generals, the diplomats, and the politics there are plenty; histories of the people- the plain people- there are few.
	www.villageorpillage.org /historybelow/historybelow.htm (1780 words)

	History from below - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		History from below is a form of historical narrative which was developed as a result of the Annales School and popularised in the 1960s.
		This form of social history focuses on the perspectives of ordinary individuals within society as well as individuals and regions that were not previously considered historically important.
		This includes women and the working class, as well as regions such as India or Africa.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_from_below (101 words)

	History from below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first history of this type done was largely on modern history.
		Early history from below was closely linked to Marxist history, but in recent years that close connection has begun to disappear.
		History from below is far more likely to draw on other fields than is history from above.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/history_from_below (349 words)

	History from below
		This form of history focuses on the perspectives of regular individuals within society as well as individuals and countries that were not previously considered historically important.
		This form of history is applicable mainly to modern studies, where journals and letters are easily found; in ancient studies the lives of the common individual were not often recorded.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_from_below.html (116 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The distinctive Sussex arrangement, which sets history in a variety of contexts, enables you to choose the course combination that best suits your academic interests, brings you into contact with tutors who have a diversity of backgrounds and specialisms, and offers you the means to broaden your own perspectives.
		The course introduces students to major themes in intellectual and cultural history in the early modern period, especially as this involves the understanding of 'classic' texts in their historical settings.
		This course introduces students to a period of history with which they are mostly unfamiliar by exploring some of the central themes of early modern history, and the various ways in which they have been debated by historians.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Units/publications/sabroad2004/history.html (2466 words)

	BBC Renaissance Secrets 2 Marxist History Writing History Seen From Below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		History should be seen from below, from the standpoint of the men and women who actually did the work in any given society, not from that of politicians, landowners or business leaders, who have never been more than a tiny minority of the human race.
		So: we should look at the construction-workers of Venice, not the politicians; at factory-workers in the Industrial Revolution, not at factory-owners; for that matter, at soldiers and peasants in the Russian Revolution and at their hopes and assumptions, not (or not only) at Lenin.
		These people were history; political leaders were only froth on the surface of the vast sea of human reality.
	www.open2.net /renaissance2/what/marxist/marxist_page05.html (140 words)

	News&features - December 2, 2004
		But after a while, she says, she realized that the history of the Rancho Murieta area is really the distillation of just about everything that has happened in California’s history.
		Early on in Rancho Murieta’s history, there was a notion that some of the area’s archaeological legacy could be preserved and displayed in a museum built inside Rancho Murieta.
		West thinks a museum, some way to interpret and remember the history of this place, would be a boon to Rancho Murieta and to the Sacramento region generally.
	www.newsreview.com /issues/sacto/2004-12-02/cover.asp (4644 words)

	Encyclopedia: History from below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years.
		History stubs Marxist or historical materialist historiography is an influential school of historiography.
		The Subaltern Studies Group (SSG) or Subaltern Studies Collective are a group of scholars in India, interested in the postcolonial and post-imperial societies of India in particular and the developing world in general.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-from-below (303 words)

	Elizabeth Nenno Wilson , book
		It is a History of "How They Lived", what kind of people they were, what they accomplished in their lifetimes, their Origin in Europe, their Passage to America in 1833 on a "Packet" (sailing ship), their Journey to the Eastern Frontier and their early life in America.
		This Family History is not the result of Alex Hailey's book, "Roots", or the television series based on his book, that created a craze in the United States, of people seeking their "Roots".
		The History of the Mickel Nenno Family in 2003 is quite different than the one I wrote in 1978 and 1979, when I also wrote biographys of my ancesters in the United States.
	math.uww.edu /~mcfarlat/pictures/wilson.htm (19945 words)

	Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many-Headed Hydra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Capital punishment and the threat of mutiny, therefore, mark the history of the Atlantic even from the outset, and demonstrate that the Europeans who sailed to the New World were far from a homogenous and unified lot.
		Yet anti-imperialist and postcolonial historians, in exposing the terror and genocide the Europeans collectively inflicted upon the native populations, have tended to pass over the diversity and dissension that lie even at the heart of the colonising project.
		Yet it was not always so, and The Many-Headed Hydra's "hidden history" takes in a host of strikes, mutinies, and rebellions in which disparate forces co-operated for their own ends and on their own terms, rather than labouring, divided, for the cause of European colonialism.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /SPANISH/staff/Writings/linebaugh.html (726 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Special \| The enduring winter of our discontent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For the first time in history we face something that possesses the means, the power, the psychology and the requisite experience to allow it to do just that.
		And, in the end, there were spoils that could be held up to justify, or at least pass off, whatever lies had been told, whatever abuses of human rights committed, whatever atrocities perpetrated along the way.
		In this war, too, principles were espoused to cloak naked interest though undoubtedly there were those whose sympathy was attracted by the call to emancipate slaves or to unify the country.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/710/special.htm (5982 words)

	History from below - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		History from below - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 15:12, 4 Apr 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about History from below contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/History_from_below (123 words)

	The below history was written in 1955, there are actually many factual errors in this account, but it is recorded below ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The below history was written in 1955, there are actually many factual errors in this account, but it is recorded below as typ
		The below history was written in 1955, there are actually many factual errors in this account, but it is recorded below as typed.
		The history and tradition of Camp Kern are rapidly becoming one of the important facts to the people of our Council and our County.
	www.campkern.net /history/history1955.htm (1434 words)

	History from Below The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by Andre Yav Texts Translation and Interpretive Essay Creole ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		History from Below The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by Andre Yav Texts Translation and Interpretive Essay Creole Language Library Vol 7 Johannes Fabian Alpine Tasmania : An Illustrated Guide to the Flora and Vegetation - History from Below The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by Andre Yav Texts Translation and Interpretive Essay Creole Language Library Vol 7
		History from Below The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by Andre Yav Texts Translation and Interpretive Essay Creole Language Library Vol 7 by Johannes Fabian
		History from Below The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by Andre Yav Texts Translation and Interpretive Essay Creole Language Library Vol 7
	www.booksummary.net /Johannes_Fabian_book_History_from_Below_The_Vocabulary_of_Elisabethville_by_Andre_Yav_Texts_Translation_and_Interpretive_Essay_Creole_Language_Library_Vol_7.html (286 words)

	The Methods and Themes of History From Below
		A critical analysis into the revolutionary methods and themes of “history from below” cannot be done in isolation of “history from above”.
		For, it was this notion of writing history through the eyes of those from above, which sparked the flame in social historians to consider those from below.
		Social history, simply put, is the history of life in the broadest sense; the history of the everyday experiences of average men and women.
	www.radessays.com /viewpaper/14400/Female_Mutilation.html (288 words)

	Nine Below Zero - Band History
		Over this fat slice of rhythm, comes the unique harmonica of Mark Feltham,since January 2001 Mark has been back playing with Nine Below Zero needless to say anyone who knows the band will be aware of his history, himself and Dennis being the founder members of the band.
		Live, this combination is lethal, hammering and nailing the big R n B sound to the floor of many a famous stage.
		Nine Below Zero recorded an album at Glyn John's studio in West Sussex but Glyn never allowed the band to stay the night and so they had to drive 100 miles a day.
	www.ninebelowzero.com /html/bandhistory.htm (2643 words)

	To "is it" regarding Case History II below... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To "is it" regarding Case History II below...
		Re: To "is it" regarding Case History II below...
		Re: Re: To "is it" regarding Case History II below...
	usmle.net /step-3/messages2005d/144420.html (83 words)

	Spectator, The: History from below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Captives is a more complex book that demands close reading, as she unravels the ambiguities that challenge customary certainties of imperial history.
		Politically correct, it emphasises the fate of the illiterate, lowborn `captives in uniform' in India, treated with the brutal harshness with which their class was treated at home.
		Imperial history cannot be severed from the history of Britain.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_200210/ai_n9102837 (1327 words)

	Roman history from below?
		Below them was a class of lesser aristocrats or gentry who formed the local governing elites in provincial towns.
		He is also withering about historians who profess to believe that Rome acquired her empire, like the British, 'in a fit of absence of mind': 'An imperialism without imperialists, a design of conquest devoid of human agency or forethought, such a notion applies neither to Rome nor to any other empire in history'.
		And one should know also that this squabble over the spoils of empire was periodically subsumed by far greater struggles which threatened the existence of empire itself--struggles which found optimates and populists, senators and plebs, fighting side by side in Rome's imperial legions.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /isj103/faulkner.htm (3274 words)

	Language History from Below (Bristol Conference)
		In a teleological and isolationist approach to the “big” languages, the traditional historiography of the Germanic languages has usually focused on standard or prestige varieties.
		This conference will seek to develop an alternative perspective: the view “from below”, to describe and explain developments within and between these languages in the last 300 years, i.e.
		On the basis of data hitherto ignored or neglected in language historiography, the question will be addressed to what extent non-prestigious varieties and writers form an important part of the history of Germanic languages.
	www.bris.ac.uk /depts/German/languagehistory.html (218 words)

	MC Journal: the Journal of Academic Media Librarianship. Audiovisual Reviews.
		Here opera's 400-year-old history is surveyed with an eye to the politics of music drama: opera as revolutionary agent, social commentary, tool (or banned art) of tyrants.
		This exceptional review of the piano's 300-year-old history convincingly demonstrates why it deserves to be crowned "king" of musical instruments.
		Goodall is by turns relaxed and respectful, delighted and awed by the material he presents: the piano's ancestors, composers who reveled in its early characteristics (Mozart, Schubert), moved its development along (Beethoven), and expanded its repertoire in the 19th and 20th centuries, from Chopin through Debussy, Joplin, and jazz performers and composers.
	wings.buffalo.edu /mcjreview/985961216.html (625 words)

	Cronological History of Afghanistan - the cradle of Gandharan civilisation
		Cronological History of Afghanistan - the cradle of Gandharan civilisation
		Below is a table outlining the turbulent and troubled history of Afghanistan, once the cradle of Gandharan civilisation,
		Any unauthorised reproduction is strictly forbidden without the prior written permission of Gandhara.
	www.gandhara.com.au /afghan_table.html (2277 words)

	The strongest tournaments in chess history
		Below you will find my list of the strongest tournaments ever in order of strength.
		Jeff Sonas compiled a list with a similar approach to the one taken here in his article Gary Kasparov 1999-2000: Assault on Chess History.
		This article preceded his work on the chessmetrics site, so his rankings were based on the FIDE Elo lists and historical player rankings from Arpad Elo's 1978 book, The rating of chessplayers, past and present.
	www3.sympatico.ca /g.giffen/tournaments.htm (2056 words)

	Double Negative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Below tells the story of a WWII American sub that the crew suspect has become possessed with the ghost of its dead captain.
		Double Negative produced 212 VFX shots for the film.
		Allowing us to generate stage plans for the art department for how best use the 007 stage tank at Pinewood and help design the miniature hydraulic rigs.
	www.dneg.com /production_history/projects/below/below.html (490 words)

	borsay/shapely (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		HISTORY FROM BELOW: THE URBAN POOR AND THE RECEPTION OF MEDICINE AND CHARITY IN WESTERN EUROPEAN CITIES
		Histories of medicine and charity have been dominated by the donor and the professional, leaving the experiences of patients and clients in relative obscurity.
		Poor law and municipal health services as well as philanthropic ventures will be included under the heading of medicine, and charity will be broadly defined to include children's homes, rescue societies for women and mission halls as well as medical projects.
	eauh2000.tu-berlin.de /sessions/Main/ms_1.html (128 words)

	Serena Connolly Writing a History from Below: The Evidence of the Codex Hermogenianus
		Serena Connolly Writing a History from Below: The Evidence of the Codex Hermogenianus
		Writing a History from Below: The Evidence of the Codex Hermogenianus
		The Codex Hermogenianus (CH), a Diocletianic collection of 922 answers to petitions (rescripts) written in the name of the emperors is partially preserved in edited form in the Codex Justinianus and other collections.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/05mtg/abstracts/Connolly.html (454 words)

	[Econo-list] Pakistan Investment Bond makes history, trades below US bonds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pakistan Investment Bond makes history, trades below US bonds The News, By Syed Asad Kaleem 3/26/2003 http://www.jang-group.com/thenews/mar2003-daily/26-03-2003/business/b1.h tm KARACHI: The 10-year Pakistan Investment Bond (PIB), on Tuesday, made an entry in the financial annals after it traded below the 10-year US Treasury papers - an event occurring for the first time in Pakistan.
		The PIB was quoted at a cut-off yield of 3.90 per cent, slightly below than US treasury that was last traded at a yield of 3.94 per cent, bankers said.
		"The SBP will have...sooner or later to restrict the banks from trading the papers on flat rates...or it should introduce another long-term bond." The PIB made history immediately after the State Bank of Pakistan divulged results of the auction of 3-year, 5-year and 10-year PIBs.
	lists.isb.sdnpk.org /pipermail/econo-list/2003-March/003638.html (522 words)

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