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Topic: History of Alaska

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	Alaska - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is bordered by Yukon Territory and British Columbia, Canada to the east, the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and Chukchi Sea to the west, and the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean to the north.
		Alaska is one of only six states that do not collect state sales tax and one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax.
		Alaska Natives, while organized in and around their communities, are often active within the Native corporations which have been given ownership over large tracts of land, and thus need to deliberate resource conservation and development issues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alaska (4265 words)

	History of Alaska - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Department era, from 1867 to 1884, Alaska was variously under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army (until 1877), the United States Department of the Treasury (from 1877 until 1879) and the U.S. Navy (from 1879 until 1884).
		World War II and the Japanese invasion highlighted Alaska's strategic importance, and the issue of statehood was taken more seriously, but it was the discovery of oil at Swanson River on the Kenai Peninsula that dispelled the image of Alaska as a weak, dependent region.
		Today, Alaska is one of the only US states never to have had a death penalty, although it did execute eight men between 1900 and 1957 under civil authority, the apparatus of the State other (than its military units) that enforced law and order.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Alaska (5571 words)

	History Degree Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		History as a subject in its broadest sense is all that human beings have thought and done.
		Knowledge of history is the principal means by which humans discover and preserve their collective identity, for through such knowledge, we gain a glimpse of our potential and a clear view of our limitations.
		History as an intellectual discipline examines and interprets the documentary records of human activity, records that are often fragmentary and incomplete.
	history.uaa.alaska.edu /degrees.html (120 words)

	Alaska (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The motto is meant to represent Alaska as a land of promise.
		The trees symbolize Alaska’s wealth of forests, and the farmer, his horse, and the three shocks of wheat represent Alaskan agriculture.
		Alaska Day is the anniversary of the formal transfer of the territory and the raising of the US.
	fairbanks-alaska.com /alaska-history.htm (927 words)

	Elmendorf History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The strategic importance of Alaska, as well as the importance of aviation to it, was graphically recognized during the summer of 1920 when Captain St. Claire Streett led a flight of four DeHavilland DH-4s on a round-trip flight from Mitchell Field, New York, to Nome.
		Alaska became a theater of war in l942 when the Japanese bombed Dutch Harbor on 3 and 4 June and occupied Kiska and Attu shortly afterwards as part of an overall effort to seize Midway Island and establish a defensive line that would run from the western Aleutians to New Guinea.
		The defense of Alaska was again split between the Army and Air Force who had the responsibility for mainland Alaska on one hand and the Navy who had responsibility for the Aleutians on the other.
	www.elmendorf.af.mil /3wing/units/history/webdocs/akforces.htm (5720 words)

	Alaska: History
		It was not until after the discovery of gold in the Juneau region in 1880 that Alaska was given a governor and a feeble local administration (under the Organic Act of 1884).
		The longstanding controversy concerning the boundary between the Alaska Panhandle and British Columbia was aggravated by the large number of miners traveling the Inside Passage to the gold fields.
		The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971) gave roughly 44 million acres (17.8 million hectares; 10% of the state) and almost $1 billion to Alaskan native peoples in exchange for renunciation of all aboriginal claims to land in the state.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/us/A0856537.html (993 words)

	Travel Alaska \| Alaska Railroad \| Rail train travel, tours, and freight transportation for the Last Frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Alaska Central Railway went bankrupt in 1907 and reorganized as the Alaska Northern Railway Co. in 1910 extending the railroad to Kern Creek - 71 miles from Seward.
		Alaska legislature authorizes Governor Bill Sheffield to negotiate with the federal government for the Railroad's transfer to the state.
		The Alaska Railroad becomes the property of the State of Alaska in transfer ceremonies held in Nenana and Seward.
	www.akrr.com /corporate/history.html (1313 words)

	Farewell to Alaska - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Alaska became a symbol of the Russian national mindset.
		The history of the Russian America is beautiful, although so much blood was shed in the clashes with Indians, so many vessels sank in the Pacific Ocean.
		Even after Alaska was sold, the American press kept on criticizing the government for acquiring the 'polar bear zoo.' The criticism lasted until the world-famous gold fever in Alaska.
	english.pravda.ru /society/2003/03/14/44416.html (1425 words)

	Stewart Title of Alaska - History
		Elected as Alaska's representative avian by the Territorial Legislature in 1955, the Willow Ptarmigan is a small arctic grouse that lives on open tundra in boggy areas.
		This evergreen is abundant throughout the southeastern and central regions of Alaska, and was adopted in 1962 as the states representative sapling.
		Alaska's state flower, adopted by the Territorial Legislature in 1917, is the wild Forget-me-not.
	home.gci.net /~stewartak/history.html (451 words)

	The US50 - A guide to the state of Alaska - History
		Shortly afterwards, Alaska was nicknamed Seward's Folly and Seward's Icebox.
		This gave Alaska a say in the laws that were being passed to administer the Territory.
		On January 3, 1959, Alaska was officially proclaimed the forty-ninth state of the Union.
	www.theus50.com /alaska/history.shtml (1031 words)

	Alaska The Last Frontier State Capital Juneau
		The name "Alaska" is taken from the Aleut word "aláxsxaq" that refers to an object to which the sea is directed, in this case the Alaska peninsula and mainland.
		The Last Frontier: Alaska, admitted as the 49th state to the union is thought of as "America's Last Frontier" because of it's distance from the lower 48 states and because of it's rugged landscape and climate.
		During this period, critics of Seward's agreement to purchase the Alaska territory from Russia called the plan referred to the plan as "Seward's Folly." Congress, finally relented and on October 18, 1867, in Sitka, the Imperial Russian Flag was lowered and the Stars and Stripes was raised.
	www.netstate.com /states/intro/ak_intro.htm (705 words)

	Welcome to SLED :: FAQ Alaska
		In the 250 years since Europeans found Alaska, much of that oral history was lost, what was recorded does not correspond to the Western manner of recording events on a calendar basis.
		Alaska Native Brotherhood convention at Haines resolves to pursue land claims settlement in Southeast Alaska.
		Alaska voters pick Willow as new capital site; voters approve constitutional amendment establishing Alaska Permanent Fund to receive "at least 25 percent" of all state oil revenues and related income.
	sled.alaska.edu /akfaq/akchron.html (3864 words)

	Office of History and Archaeology
		The Office of History and Archaeology (OHA), Alaska Department of Natural Resources collaborated with scientists from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Rhode Island, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program, and U.S. Minerals Management Service to collect information on several historic shipwrecks in Southeast Alaska, April 4-12.
		Alaska has almost half the nation's coastline and several thousand known shipwrecks, but has no dedicated program for managing maritime heritage sites either in government or academia.
		The State of Alaska passed the Alaska Historic Preservation Act (Alaska Statute 41.35) in 1970 that led to creation of the Office of History and Archaeology.
	www.dnr.state.ak.us /parks/oha (1088 words)

	USGS Earthquake Hazards Program » Earthquake History of Alaska
		More than 80 percent of the planet's tremors occur in the circum-Pacific belt, and about six percent of the large, shallow earthquakes are in the Alaska area, where as many as 4,000 earthquake at various depths are detected in a year.
		Since the temblor occurred on Good Friday, a holiday for schools, and at a time when most people were out of office buildings and on their way home from work, few deaths were caused by the earthquake itself.
		The Yakutat Bay area of southeastern Alaska experienced one of the notable earthquakes of the last century on September 10, 1899.
	earthquake.usgs.gov /regional/states/alaska/history.php (1416 words)

	Alaska 's Best - Fire Safety Tips
		The Eskimos scattered throughout the northern and western regions of Alaska, while the Aleuts settled mainly on the islands which now bear their name--the Aleutians.
		Alaska's two great Indian nations, the Tlingits and the Athapaskans, settled in Southeast and Central Alaska.
		The presence of gold in Alaska had long been known, but not until the 1880 discovery by Joe Juneau and Richard Harris would the gold rush era truly begin.
	www.alaskasbest.com /history.htm (519 words)

	Alaska Environmental History Bibliography
		A Chronological History of the Discovery of the Aleutian Islands: or, the Exploits of Russian Merchants: with a Supplement of Historical Data on the Fur Trade.
		The Alaska Diary of Adelbert von Chamisso, Naturalist on the Kotzebue Voyage, 1815-1818.
		Salmon from Kodiak: An History of the Salmon Fishery of Kodiak Island, Alaska.
	www.cnr.berkeley.edu /departments/espm/env-hist/alaska.html (1448 words)

	Amazon.com: Alaska: Saga of a Bold Land--From Russian Fur Traders to the Gold Rush, Extraordinary Railroads, World War ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On occasion, Borneman becomes mired in local history, such as the quarrel over the state capital, when he might have instead devoted these pages to the Natives, whom he leaves hovering in the background until they suddenly leap forward as activists in the 1960s.
		Alaska, Saga of a Bold Land, is an archetype for North American regional history.
		And with its role in various empires, exploration and expansions, the history is a fascinating tapestry of kingdoms and explorers.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060503068?v=glance (1876 words)

	The 49th State
		Finally, the issue of self-determination is at the heart of the issue of statehood: The early federal denial of self-rule and the practice of taxation without representation in Congress should be familiar echoes of the injustice suffered by colonists' of the prior century.
		In 1939, FDR appointed Gruening to the governorship of Alaska.
		The Alaska Statehood Committee was formed in 1949 to intensify efforts toward statehood, calling on national and labor organizations, newspaper editors, and state governors to support and publicize Alaska's situation.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~CAP/BARTLETT/49state.html (4093 words)

	Alaska.com \| History & culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Alaska Natives, who make up 15 percent of the state's population, maintain many traditions, such as whaling, subsistence hunting and fishing, and old ways of making crafts and art.
		Native heritage history and culture can be found in such diverse places as Ketchikan, Anchorage and Kotzebue, as well as in hundreds of villages where people live in traditional ways.
		Most residents of Alaska were born outside the state, and when they came to Alaska they brought their own traditions and desires.
	www.alaska.com /about/history/story/4485029p-4463730c.html (1392 words)

	Alaska Books on Alaska National Parks & Public Lands
		The Alaska Natural History Association is your connection to books on Alaska and educational programs for national parks, national wildlife refuges, national forests, state parks, and other public lands in Alaska.
		The Association is the nonprofit educational partner of Alaska's public lands dedicated to sharing Alaska's rich natural and cultural heritage.
		If you are searching for an Alaska book, map, or video, then the Association's Alaska bookstore is a good place to find the latest publications on Alaska national parks and other public lands.
	www.alaskanha.org (310 words)

	North to the Future: Musical Reflections on Alaska's History
		ALASKA elected two Senators and a Representative to Congress in 1956 in an effort to obtain statehood.
		The voters elected former Governor Ernest Gruening and William Egan, former Speaker of the Alaska House, as Senators, and Ralph J. Rivers as Representative in the historic October 9 election.
		The Alaska Constitutional Convention completed its work at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks in February, and the voters approved the constitution on April 24.
	www.uaf.edu /music/akmusic/chrono.html (2127 words)

	The History of Anchorage, Alaska
		This “bibliographically enhanced” overview of the history of Anchorage includes access to research material available to local residents at the Alaska Collection of the Loussac Library, and to all others through the interlibrary loan system of your local library or through your local bookseller.
		Located in Southcentral Alaska on the shores of Cook Inlet, the Municipality of Anchorage is a unique urban environment situated in the heart of the wilderness.
		Russian explorers had established themselves in southern Alaska by 1784, but the English explorer Captain James Cook is credited with first exploring and describing the Anchorage area in 1778 during his third voyage of discovery.
	www.ci.anchorage.ak.us /History (1919 words)

	www.juneau.com - Juneau Alaska Community Website
		Alaska Natural History Association -- dedicated to enhancing understanding and conservation of natural, cultural and historical resources of Alaska public lands.
		Alaska Office of History and Archaeology -- oversee programs to identify, document and restore sites and buildings, and to educate Alaskans and visitors about these non-renewable resources.
		Prehistory of Alaska -- overview of the prehistory of Alaska and the cultural resources (archaeology, history, ethnography) in each national park and preserve in the state.
	www.juneau.com /directory/history.cfm (483 words)

	Ecosystem and Climate History of Alaska
		Understanding the history of environmental responses to past climate changes provides a basis for forecasting future responses to a variety of possible climatic scenarios.
		Understanding ecosystem history is also crucial for proper management of national forests, national and state parks, and wildlife refuges.
		Late Quaternary history of vegetation and climate change in the Mount Harper area, Yukon-Tanana Upland, east-central Alaska [abs.]: Program and Abstracts, 50th Arctic Science Conference, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, September 19-22, 1999, p.
	esp.cr.usgs.gov /research/alaska (1065 words)

	Earthquake facts and figures: History of Alaska earthquakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Our understanding of earthquakes in Alaska extends back only to 1788, and studies of ancient earthquakes can give a better understanding of where they occur, how often they occur, and how large they are.
		The oral history of Native peoples includes legends and stories that may relate to prehistoric earthquakes.
		In Alaska, paleoseismology indicates there was at least one other huge earthquake like the one in 1964, 600 to 800 years ago.
	www.uaf.edu /seagrant/earthquake/facts3.html (190 words)

	Amazon.com: Alaska's History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country (Alaska Pocket Guide): Books: Harry ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A lively, take-along account of Alaska's sweeping history, from pre-contact Native times to the gold rush, to the present.
		Alaska's human history-from the prehistoric arrival of the earliest Siberian hunters to today's Arctic Slope oil exploration-is unified by one simple but grand theme: people's efforts to wrest a living from the region's vast natural riches despite its extreme conditions.
		This brief history captures the untamed history of Alaska in a very readable format.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0882404326?v=glance (812 words)

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