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Topic: History of animation

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	History of Animation: Before Disney
		rue animation cannot be achieved without first understanding a fundamental principle of the human eye: the persistance of vison.
		Of all the early animations, Felix the Cat developed the strongest screen personality, but failed to develop any further, relying on crude visual tricks to entertain the audience as opposed to developing a stronger screen persona.
		Animators were given quotas on the number of drawings they had to produce a day.
	teachers.oregon.k12.wi.us /bdn/history.html (736 words)

	Animation
		Animation is an interdisciplinary medium that calls upon the theories and artistic practices of filmmaking, drawing, design and technology.
		In-class critiques of personal work and investigation of the history of animation as an art form are emphasized for the development of a framework from which students can begin their path as an animation artist.
		Note: ART 341 Introduction to Animation must be passed with a grade of “B” better for students to continue on to upper-level animation courses.
	art.umbc.edu /animation.html (480 words)

	History of Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pioneers of animation include Winsor McCay of the United States and Emile Cohl and Georges Melies of France.
		Instead of numerous drawings, the animator now could make a complex background and/or foreground and sandwich moving characters in between several other pieces of celluloid, which is transparent except for where drawings are painted on it.
		After you have read about the history of animation, take this short quiz.
	www.usca.edu /swygert/Animation/history.htm (375 words)

	History of animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continues through the present day.
		The firsts animated cartoon was from french Émile Reynaud that created praxynoscope animation system of 12 pictures and of about 500 pictures projected on its théatre optique system near from modern film at Musée Grévin in Paris France the october 28 1892.
		The first animated cartoon on standard picture was Fantasmagorie by the French director Émile Courtet (also called Émile Cohl) projected for the first time August 17 1908 at 'Théâtre du Gymnase' in Paris.
	www.freeglossary.com /History_of_Animation (726 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Maltin does a wonderful and comprehensive job of outlining the history of animation from the Silent Era, to the Golden Age, to a few subsequent years thereafter.
		Not only does the book chronical the different animation studios, he also gives a brief work history of the most influential animators of the time and gives us an inside view of the animation industry through personal interviews with them.
		This represents the first detailed history of cinema animation produced around the world, with divisions by major filmmakers and national cinemas and strong coverage of over 2,000 animators.
	www.digitalmediafx.com /bookstore/History/history.html (343 words)

	History of Russian animation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It became the leading animation studio in the Soviet union, producing an ever-growing number of children's and educational animation shorts and features, but the experimental spirit of the founding years was lost.
		Soyuzmultfilm, the former juggernaut of Russian animation studios (at one time employing as many as 400 animators and other staff), was beset by corrupt administrators who sold off all the rights to all the films previously made by the studio without telling shareholders or employees.
		While the Russian animation community is yet far from reaching the splendor it possessed before the end of the Soviet Union, a significant recovery is being made and it is becoming more and more clear that the revived Russian animation industry will be very different from what it was in the late 1980s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Russian_animation (2372 words)

	Brief History of Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When you watch a full length 3-D animated adventure like Toy Story, it's difficult to believe that it is based on theories and principles that have been around for centuries.
		Animation would not be possible without Aristotle's observations, dating back to 340 B.C., on the principles of light and motion aftereffects.
		These are just a few of the significant events that shaped the history of animation.
	www.privatelessons.net /2d/sample/m01_02.html (188 words)

	Animation History \| Anime.com Anime Shrines
		Howard Beckerman is an animation historian and instructor in NYC who has spent more than 30 years working everywhere in the industry.
		It is with this preface that we proudly present to you this informative tome that not only will hand-hold you through the basics, but teach you the very foundations that the art of animation is based on — that animation is the art of movement, and not merely the movement of art.
		The book includes a world history of animation, how to design characters, write stories, do the animation, get it onto film or video and all about working in the field or doing your own productions.
	www.anime.com /Animation_History (500 words)

	Animation History, Winsor McCay, Max Fleischer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hands Down the most influential studio (from an artistic as well as a commercial standpoint) in the history of animation is the Walt Disney Studio, which exploded onto the scene in 1928 with Mickey Mouse in "Steamboat Willie" and continued to dominate the field to this very day.
		Without Disney's streamlined organization of talent and creative collaboration the animated cartoon could never have advanced as rapidly or as beautifully as it has....yet, as at the Bray and Sullivan studios, in the process many of the men responsible for the studio's achievements remain anonymous and forgotten.
		But to claim thus would be to belittle their accomplishments, and for once in the history of animation's Golden Age the names of the artists outshine the name of the producer.
	www.digitalmediafx.com /Features/animationhistory.html (2827 words)

	Animation History
		On different sheets, specific portions would be blocked out and then laid over blank paper on which the artist would animate the part of the scene that was to move.
		Bill Nolan discovered that if a background was drawn on a long sheet of paper, then it could pass underneath to give the effect of the character moving even though the character stayed in place.
		Computer animation of today is based on the same idea except that the computer plays the part of the in-betweeners.
	www.willamette.edu /~gorr/classes/GeneralGraphics/History (476 words)

	History of animation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		3.6 History of animation in Croatia (in former Yugoslavia)
		The first animated film was created by Charles-Émile Reynaud, inventor of the praxinoscope, an animation system using loops of 12 pictures.
		The Simpsons marks the resurgence of adult-oriented animation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_animation (1112 words)

	Animation Art History
		Animated and live-action films have in common such basic film devices as scripts, camera moves, close-ups and long shots.
		What ultimately separates animated and live-action techniques (though the two are often combined in the current age of computer-generated imagery) are the different ways they are put on film.
		In an animated film, however, it is the camera that creates the movement, frame by frame, and each step is carefully planned before filming begins.
	www.lollipopanimation.com /php/animation_art_history.php (614 words)

	A Short History of Animation
		Animation is a graphic representation of drawings to show movement within those drawings.
		The drawings have been slightly changed between individualized frames so when they are played back in rapid succession (24 frames per second) there appears to be seamless movement within the drawings.
		He was the first animator to add sound to his movie cartoons with the premiere of Steamboat Willie in 1928.
	sln.fi.edu /fellows/fellow5/may99/History/history.html (385 words)

	Animation & Comics
		As we move into the 21st century, and computer generated graphics, animation and live-action filming merge, we can be less and less sure of the 'true' nature of what we are seeing on screen.
		Animation is as old as the drawings done on rock surfaces by cavemen.
		Animation is the process of linking a series of slightly different drawings together to simulate movement.
	www.mediaknowall.com /animation.html (540 words)

	HIST 389 \| History of Animation \| Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Animation has the ability to make us cry and laugh, create worlds we have not imagined, defy the laws of physics, and sell raisins.
		In addition to a history of animation and its practitioners and development, the course also explores what happens to history when it is animated and how animation has been used during the twentieth century to interpret the past.
		Participants will view animations (all right, cartoons) from various studios, feature-length animated films, and experimental shorts as well as try their hands at a simple (or sophisticated) animation.
	www.archiva.net /hist389ay05/index.htm (357 words)

	History of Animation
		When the disks were rotated at the correct speed, the synchronization of the windows with the images created an animated effect.
		This device consisted of a disc with an image painted on each side which was twirled using a threaded string thus 'combining' the two images -- the bird appears in the cage.
		This feature film had 15 minutes of computer animation (most all computer animation by now is digital except effects done on tape using the analog system) for 235 scenes at a cost of $1,200 per second.
	itp.nyu.edu /~mp51/methodsofmotion/historyofanim.html (711 words)

	Page1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The earliest forms of animation date back a couple centuries before the advent of film.
		The techniques and knowledge gained in the last century of animation can be applied to computer animation.
		A good knowledge of what has come before will be very valuable to animators who want to be part of the future.
	www.hash.com /lectures/histanim/page1.html (110 words)

	History
		Plasticine was invented in 1897, and one of the first actual films to use clay was in 1902 using clay for lightning sculpting.
		This was one of the first steps for clay animation, but it took six more years to make a film that used clay animated sculptures.
		Now that there is so much technology available, clay animation has really been made much simpler to do and accomplish than it was in it's humble beginnings.
	library.thinkquest.org /22316/history.html (254 words)

	Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design - animation
		The professional animators within the department teach students about the history of animation, current developments in animation and the future of animation.
		Since the field of animation is ever-changing, the departmental faculty continues to develop their own skills while helping to develop and nurture future generations of artists and animators.
		2-D animators develop their skills through life drawing, composition, and perspective courses -- studying proportion, line of action, structure, and basic anatomy -- while working in areas as varied as animation, character design, clean-up, doping, modeling, slugging, and storyboarding.
	www.rmcad.edu /degree_programs/animation.aspx (421 words)

	The Animation Process
		His legacy is a veritable who's who of animated characters; Snow White, Donald Duck, Pinocchio, Alice, Bambi, Cinderella, and of course, Mickey Mouse.
		A storyboard is made, all the animators and directors come together to discuss the entire film.
		The animated film is released, and the general public may view it.
	www.justdisney.com /animation/animation.html (465 words)

	History of Algorithm Animation
		But the earliest algorithm animation evolved can be back traced in 1966, when an animation of link-list language, L[6], was created by Ken Knowlton at the Bell Telephone Laboratories.
		Communications and synchronization between the animation clients and the animated algorithm are ensured by a Java animation server that uses the CORBA technology.
		The use of algorithm animation systems was no longer confined to traditional classrooms or laboratory teaching but has now extended to distance education.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /hons/projects/2000/Amy.Yung/history.html (884 words)

	Animation Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Many people contributed to make animation what it is today, and to make computer animation at all possible.
		Here are some of the major milestones which made animation what it is today.
		Joseph Antoine Plateau and Dr. Simon Rittrer constructed a machine called a phenakitstoscope which produced an illusion of movement by allowing a viewer to gaze at a rotating disk containing small windows, behind which was another disk containing a sequence of images.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/ComputerAnimation/Hist_Timeline.html (430 words)

	Animation
		Larger-than-life graphics of popular Cartoon Network characters provide a colorful backdrop to the exhibit, which also explores the history of animation and features a screening room and a cartoon museum.
		An animator creates characters in scale with their environments through the use of basic geometry and spatial sense.
		To illustrate convincing movement, animators apply knowledge of the physics of motion, and the science of human perception.
	www.omsi.edu /visit/featured/animationsite/index.cfm (549 words)

	History of Animation. A Quick Breakdown
		Computer animation started to change animation techniques and animation history during the 1970s and 1980s.
		The 1990s saw the beginning of the impact of computer animation, with different techniques being developed from Toy Story, the first computer animated feature, Babe, a combination of live and computer animated effects and the formation of Dream Works.
		This animation timeline continues in the new millennium with Shrek and Shrek2, The Lord of the Rings, and many more to follow.
	www.adigitaldreamer.com /articles/animation-history.htm (335 words)

	mumm's history of animation
		PROLOGUE TO Explore the early beginnings of animation and man's drive towards motion graphics as part of visual communication.
		Animation studio workflow and the invention of "tweening".
		Animation moves from the big screen to the small screen.
	www.csites2k.com /toonhistory (633 words)

	Animation History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Here's a nice overview of the History of the Animation Studio System
		Animation as part of cinema show w/newsreel, etc
		Renaissance in artistic, historically-aware animation (ie Ren and Stimpy)
	www.mcmxi.com /~jpr/teaching/GPH213/anim_history.html (139 words)

	Animation History Library - Animation Show Forums
		The two books complement each other and give a good history on the animation personalities and ideas that have proliferated since the early 1990s on TV.
		The problem with "The Illusion of Life" is that it perpetuates the myth that it was Nine and ONLY Nine Old Men that were responsible for the success of Disney animation art and it gives short-thrift to some of the people who were essential primary building blocks in Disney Feature Animation history.
		Hardly anybody is going to call "The Illusion of Life" a bad how-to animation book, but there's a question of how good a history book it really is because of personal agendas.
	www.animationshow.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=704 (1159 words)

	Animation History Timeline
		Stuart Blackton made the first animated film which he called "Humorous phases of funny faces." His method was to draw comical faces on a flboard and film them.
		Earl Hurd applies for a patent for the technique of drawing the animated portion of an animation on a clear celluloid sheet and later photographing it with its matching background.
		Their techniques are used in the animation "Eurythmy." Ref: M. Girard and A. Maciejewski, "Computational Modeling for the Computer Animation of Legged Figures", Computer Graphics, 19(3), July 1985.
	www.joshuamosley.com /UPenn/courses/Ani/AnimationHistory.html (1073 words)

	Animation art cels gallery - Disney, Simpsons, etc animation art for sale
		Joe Barbera, famed animator and joint creator of Hanna-Barbera, recently passed away of natural causes at the age of 95.
		As an animation team, they were responsible for such classics as The Flintstsones, The Jetsons, Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo, and Huckleberry Hound to name a few.
		In animation history and the artistic world, his mark is indelible.
	www.animationartgallery.com (510 words)

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