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Topic: History of Botswana

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	Botswana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana (Setswana: Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked nation in Southern Africa.
		Botswana is in the process or formulating an Action Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour, which is expected to be adopted in the period 2006-2007.
		Botswana joins the African consensus on most major international matters and is a member of international organisations such as the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations and the African Union (AU).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Botswana (1818 words)

	History of Botswana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The northern territory remained under direct administration as the Bechuanaland Protectorate and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa.
		The seat of government was moved from Mafikeng in South Africa, to newly established Gaborone in 1965.
		Thomas Tlou and Alec Campbell, History of Botswana (Gaborone: Macmillan, 2nd edn.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Botswana (516 words)

	History of Botswana
		The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group (the "Tswana" in South Africa), which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1800s.
		The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony and is now part of the northwest province of South Africa; the majority of Setswana-speaking people today live in South Africa.
		Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
	infotut.com /geography/Botswana (433 words)

	Botswana (05/06)
		Botswana is currently also negotiating a free trade agreement with Mercosur and an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union as part of SADC, and opened negotiations with China and India in 2005.
		Botswana joins the African consensus on most major international matters and is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations and the African Union (AU).
		Botswana is one of the 15 focus countries for PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for Aids Relief and began receiving funding and assistance under this program in January 2004.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm (3848 words)

	People - Culture and History - Tourism of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		All three groups were adroit negotiators of the waterways of northern Botswana, having brought with them their mokoro (dug-out canoes), which were adopted by the Banoka already living there, and later by the conquering Batawana.
		Basarwa are believed to be the earliest inhabitants of Botswana and the surrounding areas, they are currently the second largest group of indigenous hunter-gatherers in Africa, second only to the Pygmies of equatorial Africa who number some 200,000.
		Their earliest history and culture is recorded in rock paintings, folk tales and songs.
	www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw /culture_and_his/people.html (1949 words)

	[No title]
		Botswana borders Zimbabwe to the northeast, South Africa to the east and south, Namibia to the north and west, and touches Zambia at one spot on the Zambezi River in the north.
		Botswana’s success was reinforced by a number of critical decisions made by the post-independence leaders, particularly Presidents Khama and Masire. At first glance, the AJR explanation of Botswana’s development seems like a plausible story.
		Botswana’s leaders did not want to depend solely on natural resources for development, so they embarked on a massive program in search of more diverse foreign aid, more private capital investment, and more guarantees of protection if Botswana were to be pulled into a conflict with one of its disruptive neighbors.
	www.scottbeaulier.com /files/BOTSWANA.doc (6819 words)

	CHARLES BRAY's Botswan Journal
		Botswana has a multiparty democracy with a president as head of state, a National Assembly, and a Cabinet, there is also a House of Chiefs, but its 15 members have no right of veto.
		In the past, the Botswana government made notable protests against the South African government’s policy of apartheid, despite its dependence on South Africa for export routes and most imports, as well as for employment for about 40,000 migrant Botswana workers.
		He served as executive director for Anglophone Africa at the IMF and was governor of the Bank of Botswana from 1980 to 1981.
	www.greatestcities.com /users/cbray5003/Africa/Botswana (829 words)

	Botswana \| History and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		No accurate records exist of the first ever inhabitants of Botswana, although tool fragments and other evidence of human activity have been uncovered which are thought to be around 27,000 years old.
		This may be one of the main reasons for Botswana's cultural and social stability over the last two centuries.
		Botswana has never been colonised, but it has been heavily influenced by the surrounding countries and by England whose protection was sought in the 1880's.
	www.infotour-africa.com /botswana_history.htm (922 words)

	Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana
		In east-central Botswana, the area within 80 or 100 kilometres of Serowe (but west of the railway line) saw a thriving farming culture, dominated by rulers living on Toutswe hill, between about 600-700 and 1200-1300.
		The BDP was consistently re-elected with a large majority, though the Botswana National Front (BNF, founded 1965) became a significant threat after 1969, when "tribal" conservatives joined the socialists in BNF ranks attacking the "bourgeois" policies of government.
		The Birth of Botswana: a History of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966
	ubh.tripod.com /bw/bhp1.htm (3631 words)

	A short history of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group, which came into the area from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1880s.
		The northern territory remained under direct administration and is today's Botswana, while the southern territory became part of the Cape Colony.
		Botswana is a presidential parliamentary republic and Seretse Khama is elected the first president.
	www.electionworld.org /history/botswana.htm (201 words)

	History of Botswana: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		History is a term for information about the past....
		Gaborone, estimated population 186,000 (2001), is the capital of botswana....
		Fatshe leno la rona (blessed be this noble land) is the national anthem of botswana....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_botswana.htm (1197 words)

	History - Botswana - Africa
		The Tswana migrated to the region that is now Botswana by 1800 and displaced the native San.
		During World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945) contingents from Bechuanaland, as Botswana was then called, served overseas and on their return helped stimulate economic and political change.
		Under the name Botswana, the country achieved independence in 1966, with the former prime minister, Sir Seretse Khama, as the first president.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/botswana/history.htm (220 words)

	Botswana on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Diamonds are not forever: Botswana's status as the one of the world's most successful economies has...
		Botswana's three diamond mines collectively make up one of the largest diamond reserves in the world, with stones mined by the government and a South African mining concern.
		Botswana is a multiparty parliamentary republic operating under a 1966 constitution.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/botswana_history.asp (1283 words)

	Botswana History & Botswana Culture \| iExplore.com
		Botswana’s infection rate, estimated at 20 per cent of the total population, is among the world’s highest.
		Relations with its other neighbors are normally cordial, although Botswana is beginning to feel the effects of the disintegration of neighboring Zimbabwe, mainly in the form of thousands of migrants who have turned to Botswana to escape food shortages and political repression.
		The country’s other main export industry is mining, extracting diamonds (of which Botswana is the world’s largest producer by value), nickel, gold, cobalt, copper, salt and coal (the principal source of energy) and soda ash.
	www.africa.com /dmap/Botswana/History (710 words)

	History of Botswana - Gem of Africa - Republic of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		History of Botswana - Gem of Africa - Republic of Botswana
		The area to north, present day Botswana, was to remain largely independent but under protection from the Boers in the south and the Ndebele in the north-east.
		The protectorate was granted internal self government in 1965 and the republic of Botswana became completely independent on 30 September 1966, under the new president, Sir Seretse Khama.
	www.gov.bw /gem/history_of_botswana.html (893 words)

	History-Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first Tswana settled in the south east of Botswana in approximately the 15th century possibly having migrated from the south.
		Botswana was dependent on both South Africa for food imports, and on the wages of Botswana mine workers working in South Africa for income.
		This occurred at a time when Botswana had no army or airforce and when a devastating drought had killed off a third of the national herd.
	www.namasthenri.com /botswana/history.html (275 words)

	History of BOTSWANA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the 1970s Botswana allies itself with other independent nations of the region (first Zambia and Tanzania, and subsequently Mozambique and Angola) to put pressure on Rhodesia and South Africa to introduce majority rule.
		With increasing unrest in the white-dominated nations, Botswana receives a flood of refugees, many of them politically active.
		Botswana's relative wealth, from the export of diamonds, and the wise leadership of two long-serving presidents have given the republic an unusually stable record.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad31 (555 words)

	Culture and History - Tourism of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The history of Botswana is characterised by migrations of peoples into the country from the north and west and particularly from the east and south, as well as internal movements of groups of people.
		In Botswana, about 1,000 years ago, large chiefdoms began to emerge in the area between Sowa Pan and the Tswapong Hills.
		The Difaqane wars were a devastating wave of tribal wars that swept across Botswana and much of southern Africa in the early 1800s.
	www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw /culture_and_his/culture_and_his.html (957 words)

	Air Botswana Australia > history
		Based in Washington, it is a multilateral agency of which Botswana is a member and is represented on the board.
		Air Botswana is an active member of the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) and is a regular participant at meetings of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the governing body of world aviation, and other international industry forums.
		Air Botswana is firmly committed to citizen development within the airline family, with a comprehensive programme of ongoing staff training.
	www.worldaviation.com.au /airlines/airbotswana.asp (766 words)

	Botswana History Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The history of Botswana does much more than cover a gap between the histories of neighbouring South Africa and Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola, and Zambia.
		In prehistoric and very recent times the Kalahari thirstlands of Botswana have been central in the historical geography of the region, as the intermediate territory between the savannas of the north and east and the steppes of the south and west.
		The Moritsane culture is historically associated with the Khalagari (Kgalagadi) chiefdoms, the westernmost dialect-group of Sotho (or Sotho-Tswana) speakers, whose prowess was in cattle raising and hunting rather than in farming.
	www.ulinda.com /botswana-history.htm (3391 words)

	Botswana: History
		After gold was discovered in the region in 1867, the Transvaal government sought to annex parts of Botswana.
		In the years before a multiracial government was established in South Africa, Botswana was the target of South African reprisals.
		By 1997, Botswana also had one of the highest rates of HIV infection (25%).
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0856990.html (530 words)

	Botswana
		Twice the size of Arizona, Botswana is in south-central Africa, bounded by Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.
		In 2001, Botswana had the highest rate of HIV infection in the world: 350,000 of its 1.6 million people were infected, and half of the population between 25 and 29 was dying of the disease.
		Botswana: Bibliography - Bibliography See Z. Cervenka, Republic of Botswana (1970); A. Sillery, Botswana (1974); J. Botswana: History - History San (Bushmen) were the aboriginal inhabitants of what is now Botswana, but they constitute...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107353.html (676 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Botswana, since 1966
		Independence was declared in 1966, and Botswana found itself a state with a fl majority government surrounded by countries where the white minority ruled - South Africa, Southwest Africa, Rhodesia.
		Botswana, aware of it's economic dependence on South Africa, pursued a moderate policy, publicly condemning South Africa's Apartheid policy, but not taking any action directed against it's southern neighbour.
		The country's recent history is characterized by peace and stability, which facilitated economic growth.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/southafrica/botswanaind.html (202 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson (2003) suggest that Botswana’s success is due to the “good institutions” of private property and the rule of law, but this explanation begs the question of why Botswana adopted “good institutions” while so many other countries have failed to do so.
		Since 84% of Botswana’s land mass is largely uninhabitable Kalahari Desert land, 80% of Botswana’s people live along the fertile eastern border of the state (Parson 1984, p.
		Explaining Botswana’s Success Relative to sub-Saharan African averages, most economic and social indicators reflect outstanding living conditions for the average Batswanan citizen. For example, Botswana’s infant mortality rates are much lower than the average sub-Saharan African rate.
	it.stlawu.edu /sdae/beaulier.doc (6666 words)

	Botswana flag history
		Prior to independence on 30 September 1966, Botswana was the British protectorate of Bechuanaland.
		The Bechuanaland Protectorate was administered through the office of the High Commissioner in South Africa which was created by letters patent in 1878.
		Northern Bechuanaland was treated as though it was part of British Bechuanaland until 1895 when it was made a separate territory and administered by a Resident Commissioner under the High Commissioner for South Africa.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/bw_hist.html (614 words)

	SIM Country Profile: Botswana
		Welcome to Botswana, a nation in south-central Africa known for the vast Kalahari Desert and its population of the San people.
		SIM partners with the Africa Evangelical Church (AEC) in Botswana to spread the gospel and train church leaders among the Basarwa or San.
		Okavango is the main river system which flows into northwest Botswana from the Angolan highlands and drains into vast swamps, forming one of the largest inland deltas in the world.
	www.sim.org /country.asp?CID=19&fun=1 (1160 words)

	Gem of Africa - Republic of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since independence in 1966 the Republic of Botswana operates on the governing principle of democracy and in this regard Botswana has had three changes of President since independence in 1966.
		Botswana has a vibrant and growing economy based on free market principles.
		The Bank of Botswana, a parastatal organisation, promotes and maintains monetary stability, an efficient payments mechanism, and a sound and properly functioning domestic financial system.
	www.gov.bw /gem (405 words)

	Botswana - HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Through until the late 1970's, the country's first president was Seretse Khama, who was exiled by the British and later returned as a chief.
		Today, the party established by Khama still governs Botswana, although the country's biggest problem is a rocketing birthrate, currently the third highest in the world.
		Botswana remains a peaceful country, the vast majority of travellers have nothing but praise for the country.
	www.africanet.com /africanet/country/botswana/history.htm (364 words)

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