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	socialism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Because of the collective nature of socialism, it is to be contrasted to the doctrine of the sanctity of private property that characterizes capitalism.
		In a broader sense, the term socialism is often used loosely to describe economic theories ranging from those that hold that only certain public utilities and natural resources should be owned by the state to those holding that the state should assume responsibility for all economic planning and direction.
		For this reason socialism as a doctrine is ill defined, although its main purpose, the establishment of cooperation in place of competition remains fixed.
	www.bartleby.com /65/so/socialis.html (1500 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, British India
		Whereas in the plains British men outnumbered women, at the hill stations British women had a more formidable presence than men, and their numbers always saw a dramatic increase at moments of crises, such as during the Rebellion of 1857 or the Punjab Disturbances of 1919.
		It has even been argued that, in a manner of speaking, the British adhered to their own version of a caste system, and they would not deign to have any social intercourse with Indians, barring those whose acquaintance had to be cultivated as a matter of political expediency.
		The British could be construed as only emulating the oriental despots they had succeeded, but they no doubt saw themselves as fulfilling the expectations their subjects had of them.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/British/HillStations.html (3227 words)

	History of British socialism - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The most important of these groups were the Levellers, who advocated electoral reform, universal trial by jury, progressive taxation and the abolition of the monarchy and aristocracy and of censorship.
		Thatcher's other chief opponent in local government, Ken Livingstone of the Greater London Council, was left powerless when she abolished the metropolitan county councils and GLC in 1986.
		The early nationalist parties had little connection with socialism, but by the 1980s they had become increasingly identified with the left, and in the 1990s Plaid Cymru declared itself to be a socialist party.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/History_of_British_Socialism (3434 words)

	Socialism - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Socialism is an ideology with the core belief that a society should exist in which 'popular' "collectives" control the means of power, and therefore the means of production.
		Elie Halevy claims that the term "socialism" was coined independently by two groups advocating different ways of organizing society and economics: the Saint-Simonians, and most likely Pierre Leroux, in the years 1831-33, and the followers of Robert Owen, around 1835.
		Many non-socialists use the expression "socialist economy" (or "socialization" of a sector of the economy) almost exclusively to refer to centralized control under government aegis: for example, consider the use of the term "socialized medicine" in the US by opponents of single-payer health care.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/o/c/Socialism.html (4913 words)

	History of socialism in Great Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The History of socialism in Great Britain is generally thought to stretch back to the 19th century.
		Th term municipal socialism is used to describe the control of some urban local authorities by the Labour left in this period.
		The early nationalist parties had little connection with socialism, but by the 1980s they had become increasingly identified with the left, and in the 1990s Plaid Cymru declared itself to be a socialist party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_British_Socialism (3779 words)

	Socialism Today - Rewriting history
		Second, that the British troops were not ‘lions led by donkeys’ (a remark on battles in 1915 made by German colonel, Max Hoffman), uselessly massacred on the orders of incompetent generals.
		British soldiers were lions certainly, led by men who had to learn on the job.
		The war was fought to defend the interests of British imperialism, which subjected a quarter of the planet to destitution.
	www.socialismtoday.org /74/warhistory.html (1394 words)

	British Comprehensive Exam Questions
		Examine carefully the argument that the decline of Britain in the 20th century is a reflection of its 18th-and 19th century economic and cultural heritage.
		Discuss the role of the British monarchy during the period 1760-1990.
		"It is quite possible to write a history of British 18th century society without attention to the history of the lower classes." Discuss.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~gerakkag/brit.html (1760 words)

	British History
		To collude in the minimisation of British history on the grounds of its imagined irrelevance to our rebranded national future, or from a suspicion that it does no more than recycle patriotic pieties unsuited to a global marketplace, would be an act of appallingly self-inflicted collective memory loss.
		It is indeed in the transformation of the British character and outlook by this moral revolution that lies the first cause, from which all else was to spring, of the British plight in 1940...
		Viewed from this perspective, 19th-century social history should be primarily concerned with the recovery of the nuances and subtleties and ambiguities of this associational life — and associational life much more rich and varied than that which took place in the very different societies whcih Britain was in the 18th and 20th centuries.
	homepage.eircom.net /~odyssey/Quotes/History/History_Britain.html (12466 words)

	British Emigration to North America 57001822
		The section of the Webb Collection devoted to trade unions con- tains, in the form of notes, clippings, reports, surveys, and pamphlets, a wealth of material incidentally related to the subject of emigration; it was collected principally in the 1890's by the Webbs and their colleagues.
		A Sketch of the History of Newfoundland, 1846-54.
		History of the Illinois Central Railroad to 1870.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/becites/genealogy/immigrant/57001822.refs.html (5079 words)

	Christian Socialism
		In his treatment of Christian Socialism Beer declares that Kingsley “thought the real battle of the time was not Radical or Whig against Peelite or Tory, but the Church, the gentleman, the workman against the shopkeepers and the Manchester School” (183).
		While his Christian Socialism was by no means a system, Kingsley held that a Christian Socialist society would indeed be hierarchical where each one's place is determined by his moral value as well as democratic in the sense that each one's place has been allotted by God.
		Kingsley influenced by Christian Socialism had a higher regard for such individuals as the late medieval German mystics and John Tauler of Strasbourg who combined a desire to ally social transformation with their quest for the absolute.
	www2.bc.edu /~rappleb/kingsley/KChristianSocialism.html (3156 words)

	Cyprus History: British Period
		The Greek-Cypriots could easily claim that they had a strong case in history (if the distant past is to be arbitrer of the present) and they constituted between three quarters and three fifths of the population.
		Endeavours by the British to introduce constitutional government designed to develop some participation without leading to enosis failed, despite determined efforts to achieve some semblance of liberal and democratic government, notably by the post-war Labour Government in Britain.
		On the Greek side the British were helped to a degree in their desire to head off enosis by the international socialism of AKEL (The Reform Party of the Working People) which was influential in the large labour unions.
	www.cypnet.co.uk /ncyprus/history/british/index.html (1234 words)

	LSE influence
		Since LSE has always intended to use the higher study of economics and political science to educate and train people for careers in administration and business, and given the Fabian politics of the School's founders and their ambitions for social reform, the criticism is perhaps unsurprising, but the accusation is unfair.
		In the words of Laski's biographers he was, "the principal theorist of a democratic socialism indelibly identified with the British Labour Party, the London School of Economics and Laski." (Kramnick and Sheerman 1993).
		The roots of this socialism are Fabian, and it combines democratic institutions with a government motivated by the ideal of the good or just society.
	www.lse.ac.uk /lsehistory/lse_influence.htm (991 words)

	Socialism
		This masterwork is much more than a refutation of the economics of socialism (although on that front, nothing else compares).
		It is also a critique of the implicit religious doctrines behind Western socialist thinking, a cultural critique of socialist teaching on sex and marriage, an examination of the implications of radical human inequality, an attack on war socialism, and refutation of collectivist methodology.
		For that reason, Socialism led dozens of famous intellectuals, including a young F.A. Hayek, into a crisis of faith and a realist/libertarian political orientation.
	www.mises.org /store/Socialism-P55C0.aspx (980 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is social and economic because no matter what form of government may be, as long as one class owns as private property the land and instruments of labour from which all mankind derive their substance, that class will always have power to plunder and enslave the remainder of their fellow creatures.
		When criticised for his position by leading republican Eamonn Ceannt, later to be executed by the British in 1916, Griffith replied, "Some of the strike orators have tried to draw a parallel between the fight of the farmers for security of tenure and fair rents and the strike of industrial workers for higher wages.
		This was in open defiance of the state police and British military - armed members of the ICA openly paraded through the capital's streets, occasionally firing vollies of shots in the air.
	irelandsown.net /history_socialism.htm (2071 words)

	History Archive
		This section provides in-depth history of these efforts of organising workers regardless of race, ethnicity, gender – or border, the effort to organise and create collaboration and co-operation between workers the world over in order to win the world for those who make it run.
		The vanguard of any historic movement is important to detail – but because bourgeois history (the vast majority of written history) details the vanguards of history almost exclusively, and thus at the great expense of the role of the masses, it is critical we reverse such blindly one-sided science.
		The history of the masses exists in many forms: in memoirs, in letters and books written by people not involved in the politics of the event, in news reports, in books which set out to detail a history of the masses, ect.
	www.marxists.org /history/index.htm (631 words)

	The Fabians and the British Empire, Part XIII
		The above cited article by the Webbs, along with Bernard Shaw's Fabianism and the Empire have often been cited by numerous scholars as proof that the Fabians, and in particular, their leaders, were imperialists and (worse yet) racists.
		By looking at the work done by numerous Fabians between 1884 and 1914, whether in the form of articles, books, or lectures, one immediately realizes that there was no uniformity in opinion on the matter of imperialism and that there was much contention and political debate.
		Furthermore, moral arguments do etch their way into even the tracts published by pro-imperialist Fabians, something that one would not find if Fabianism were as materialistically driven as it claimed to be or as previous scholars have described them.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_history/35248 (514 words)

	History of British Socialism (1919) : Vol 1; Author: Beer, M.; Hardback; Book
		History of British Socialism (1919) : Vol 1
		This is volume one in the two-volume set A History of British Socialism.
		These volumes study the political thought experienced as a result of the massive transition of the British countryside to capitalist agriculture and capitalist industry.
	www.netstoreusa.com /stbooks/041/0415265681.shtml (194 words)

	British History Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Educational site with encyclopedic articles dealing with various aspects of British history such as Emancipation of Women 1700-1920, and First World War, and Socialism and the Labour Movement.
		Excerpts from primary sources are organized in the form of a dictionary covering Victorian social history with topics ranging from advertising to women.
		The collections dealing with social policy and transport history are the two collections most fully digitized.
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/History/tm/britain.html (1631 words)

	Athabasca University: Course Syllabus, History 471
		This course is primarily intended for students in the last stage of a BA in either History or Labour Studies.
		It thereby attempts to combine a traditional approach to the history of ideas with the newer study of working-class popular culture.
		Among the topics treated in the course are Ricardian Socialism, Owenism, Saint-Simonism, Fourierism, Icarianism, Chartism, French Social Republicanism, German Utopian Socialism, Proudhonism, and the origins of Marxism.
	www.athabascau.ca /html/syllabi/hist/hist471.htm (387 words)

	Routledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is volume 2 of the set A History of British Socialism.
		These volumes study the political thought experienced as a result of the massive transition of the British countryside to capitalist agriculture and capitalist industry.
		For both contemporaries and later historians the Industrial Revolution is viewed as a `turning point' in modern British history.
	www.routledge.com /shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=&isbn=9780415265690&parent_id=3486&pc=/shopping_cart/categories/categories_products.asp?parent_id=3486 (181 words)

	World Socialist Party - History
		The new SPNZ tried to get workers to recognise that it was the private ownership of the means of production that was the cause of their problems, and that only Socialism was the solution.
		On the political field, the Party exposed the claims of Labour to be able to govern in the workers' interests, and of the Communist Party that socialism was being built in Russia, both of which were popular views at that time, but are now discredited.
		He argued from this that as people did not want Socialism, the Labour Party should, in effect, adjust itself to capitalism.
	www.worldsocialism.org /nz/auckland/hist.htm (1180 words)

	Socialism Unbound by Stephen Eric Bronner at Questia Online Library
		History and Theory Communism in History and Theory From Utopian Socialism to the Fall of the...
		Socialism vs. Religion: For Many Socialists, Marx Is a Prophet and Communism Is the Gospel.
		From Communism Hitler borrowed the cell system...For the coming to power of National Socialism and the history of Germany under...With the Allied victory National Socialism was outlawed in Germany.
	www.questia.com /library/book/socialism-unbound-by-stephen-eric-bronner.jsp (1632 words)

	Socialism, Communism & Other -isms at Mayer's Market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The sociological factors behind Utopias, Socialism, Communism, Fascism, Co-operative Movements, the British Labor Movement and the Peace Movement are explored in Contemporary Social Movements, written by Jerome Davis of Yale University.
		Affirmation and examination of the Socialist ideal are the main topics in Socialism: An Analysis, written by Rudolph Eucken, translated by Joseph McCabe and published in this difficult to find 1922 edition by Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.
		Here he discusses what he calls 'conclusions drawn from the historical facts' concerning eras in the world’s history, the French Revolution, the individualistic era, America in the past and in the individualistic era, public and private corporations, democracy and monarchy, evolution of industrial government and inhibitory power, the American nation and the future corporation.
	www.tias.com /6859/InventoryPage/1516217/1.html (1070 words)

	Nationalism, Racialism and Early British Socialism - The Phora
		The present national ideal is to become "The Workshop of the World." That is to say, the British people are to manufacture goods for sale to foreign countries, and in return for those goods are to get more money than they could obtain by developing the resources of their own country for their own use.
		It advanced the cause of "Britain for the British," an echo of Blatchford's 1902 pamphlet, and attacked the anti-War "pseudoSocialists" who were "aliens by birth, blood or sentiment" (Ibid.
		When peace came the NSP advocated that Hyndman should act as a British representative at the Peace Conference, a suggestion which was supported by the conservative Morning Post which, incidentally, did a great deal to expose the real nature of bolshevism.
	thephora.net /forum/showthread.php?t=6888 (4156 words)

	The Fabians and the British Empire, Part V
		Home » History » Modern British History » Articles » The Fabians and the British Empire, Part V
		We may possibly be able to do for "sane" imperialism what we have already done for "sane" socialism.
		Nevertheless, despite this desire on the part of several imperialists such as Bland and others to avoid a clash, the anti-imperialist members of the Society insisted on debating the issue.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_history/33735 (413 words)

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