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	Roman and Byzantine Greece - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greece and the empire as a whole faced a new threat from the Normans of Sicily in the late 11th century.
		Greece was relatively peaceful and prosperous in the 11th and 12th centuries, compared to Anatolia which was being overrun by the Seljuks.
		Greece was mostly used as a battleground during the civil war between John V Palaeologus and John VI Cantacuzenus in the 1340s, and at the same time the Serbs and Ottomans began attacking Greece as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Byzantine_Greece (2007 words)

	Greece History: the Byzantine period: Information on the byzantine history in Greece
		During the 3rd century, Greece was invaded by various tribes: Heruli, the Goths, the Alemanni, the Franks, and the Vandals and Sassanians defeated Roman armies several times during the third century.
		During the 9th Century, the Byzantine Empire was ruled by a Macedonian dynasty which reconquered Antioch, Syria, Georgia, Armenia, Crete and the Aegean and, reopened the trade lines.
		Greece was divided in several kingdoms ruled by Western princes.
	www.greeka.com /greece-byzantine.htm (493 words)

	Byzantine Greece - History for Kids!
		Greece continued to be ruled by Constantinople until 1453 AD.
		Then in 1453 Greece was taken over by the Turks and became part of the Ottoman Empire.
		History of the Byzantine State, by George Ostrogorsky (reprinted 1986).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/greeks/history/byzantine.htm (246 words)

	Byzantine Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Byzantine Empire (Native Greek names: ΡΩΜΑΝΙΑ Romania or ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ Basileia Romaion or Βυζάντιο Byzantium) is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		Byzantines identified themselves as Ρωμαίοι (Rhomaioi - Romans) which had already become a synonym for a Έλλην (Hellenes - Greeks), and more than ever before were developing a national consciousness, as residents of Ρωμανία (Romania, as the Byzantine state and its world were called).
		Although the empire was not yet "Byzantine" under Constantine, Christianity would become one of the defining characteristics of the Byzantine Empire, as opposed to the pagan Roman Empire.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Byzantine-Empire.htm (3596 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
		The Byzantine State was successful it is true, in keeping the Serbs in nominal subjection, and in entering into diplomatic and family relations with the royal family of Hungary, but the Bulgarians finally broke loose from Byzantine control.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	Byzantine empire : QuicklyFind Info
		The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which remained in existence after the fall of Rome in the 5th century.
		The Byzantine period is usually considered to extend from 395 to 1453.
		The term Byzantine Empire was invented and popularised by the 18th century French historian Montesquieu.
	www.quicklyfind.com /info/Byzantine_empire.htm (2133 words)

	Amazon.com: History of the Byzantine State: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian (Volume 2) by J.
		History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian (Volume 1) by J.
		Ostrogorsky's History of the Byzantine State is an excellent book for the scholar, as well as the interested reader to use for any understanding of the history of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0813511984?v=glance (1600 words)

	The Byzantines
		In the latter decades of the fifth century, the Byzantine Emperor declared himself to be a Monophysite—this estranged the Byzantines from the Roman Pope.
		The Latin church had battled emperors for control of the church and with the disintegration of centralized authority in Europe and the proliferation of European kingdoms, the primacy of the Pope in matters of faith was relatively solidified.
		The greatest of Byzantine writers, in fact, was the historian Anna Comnena, the daughter of the emperor Alexius.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM (2634 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Greece Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		History of Mycenaean Greece History of Ancient Greece History of Hellenistic Greece History of Roman and Byzantine Greece History of Ottoman Greece History of...
		The History of Greece extends back to the arrival of the Greeks in Europe some time before 1500 BC, even though there has only been an independent state called Greece since 1821.
		It was only in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the establishment of a Greek state and the expulsion of the Greeks from Turkey in the 1920s, that these two histories have been reunited within one territory.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_greece.html (251 words)

	Greek History
		Ancient Greece: The Theban Hegemony: 371-362 BC Sparta is defeated at Leuktra and Theba rises as the leader of the Greek city-states.
		History of this Nothern part of Greece throughout the centuries, including history of Thessaloniki.
		Byzantine Art with a great number of links to byzantine museums of Greece, monasteries, church interiors, wall decor, image galleries etc. The study has been divided into periods that depict the political influences on the art.
	www.geocities.com /yioulepp/GreekHistory.htm (2365 words)

	Byzantium: Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Workshops of Byzantine mosaicists from Constantinople are invited to decorate churches in the Norman kingdom of Sicily (Palace Chapel and the church of Saint Mary of the Admiral in Palermo; the cathedral in Cefal).
		The Fourth Crusade leads to a Latin occupation of Constantinople, with the Byzantine Empire reduced to several contending states in outlying regions of its territories; as a result, for much of the next fifty years, vast amounts of artistic booty are sent to western Europe from the city and the lands of Frankish Greece.
		Byzantine defenses in Asia and Europe gradually collapse as the Ottoman Turks advance.
	www.metmuseum.org /explore/Byzantium/time.html (866 words)

	Byzantine Empire 610-1095 by Sanderson Beck
		Both the Persian and Byzantine empires had been weakened by their war; having suffered persecution from Byzantine orthodoxy, the Monophysites and the Persian Magians were usually willing to pay tribute for their religious freedom under the Muslims or convert, the third choice being to fight.
		In 680 Constantine IV led a Byzantine navy north in the Black Sea to the Danube to attack the Bulgars; but they hid and then counter-attacked his army as it was crossing the Danube, and the Emperor had to agree to a treaty with Bulgar chief Ansparuch and pay an annual tribute.
		Bulgaria was annexed by the Byzantine empire; Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner; and the Bulgarian Patriarchate was terminated.
	www.san.beck.org /AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html (17708 words)

	Greek History - History for Kids!
		Greek history for kids: ancient Greece from the Stone Age to the Byzantine period.
		Greece is a much harder place to live than Egypt, because the soil is not as good and there is not always enough water to grow plants for food.
		The Oxford Illustrated History of Greece and the Hellenistic World, by John Boardman, Jasper Griffin, and Oswyn Murray (2001).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/greeks/history/history.htm (296 words)

	History of Greece -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The history of the Greeks, however, extends far beyond the current borders of Greece.
		As parts of the (A continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395) Byzantine Empire, these areas and others were part of the Greek world for many centuries.
		These articles therefore cover both the history of Greece and the history of the Greeks.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_greece.htm (120 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
		Part of that involved reforming the coinage, which is one of the benchmarks for the beginning of "Byzantine" history.
		Also noteworthy as a benchmark for the beginning of Byzantine history in the time of the Leonines is the apparent disappearance of the traditional Roman tria nomina, the three names of praenômen, nômen, and cognômen, which have been given with previous Emperors.
		In the course of all that history, the apparent power of the Italian cities was punctured like a balloon in 1494, when King Charles VIII of France invaded Italy.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (14392 words)

	The evolution of Byzantine institutions (from history of Greece) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		As in other parts of the Roman world, the function of cities in the administrative structure of the state underwent a gradual evolution from the 3rd century on as the central government found it increasingly necessary to intervene in municipal affairs in order to assure itself of its revenues.
		More results on "The evolution of Byzantine institutions (from history of Greece)" when you join.
		Ancient Greece is the birthplace of the concept of democracy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-26386 (800 words)

	[No title]
		The Byzantine period is usually considered to extend from 395 to
		The term Byzantine Empire was invented and popularised by the 18th century
		Venetians were especially disliked, even though their ships were the basis of the Byzantine navy.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Byzantine (2113 words)

	Byzantine recovery (from history of Greece) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Byzantine recovery of effectively lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century.
		The Greece that Poe praised was primarily Athens during its golden age in the 5th century BC.
		History is a science—a branch of knowledge that uses specific methods and tools to achieve its goals.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-26387 (770 words)

	FOCUS on GREECE - Byzantine Churches in Athens
		Almost all of the dozen most famous and important Byzantine churches in Athens, were built during these two centuries, and owe their origins to the Christian restoration that followed the campaigns of Emperor Basil II in the Balkans.
		A Byzantine cruciform, domed church dedicated to the Presentation of the Virgin Mary (Eisodia tis Theotokou).
		Several post Byzantine frescos of the demolished church of Ayios Spyridon were transferred here at the time.
	www.focusmm.com.au /greece/gr_byza.htm (1000 words)

	Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It would be wrong then to present the later history of Byzantium as a "thousand year history of decline", leading inevitably to its conquest by the Ottoman Turks on Tuesday 29th May 1453.
		The classic periods of ancient cultures [the fifth and fourth centuries BCE in Greece and the late republican/early imperial period in Rome] have long appealed to modern Western sensibilities because - as times of rapid change and innovation in art and literature - echoes and origins of the present have been seen there.
		The counterpart to the dismissal of Byzantine culture was its exaltation by 19th-century Romanticism, and by a substrate of Christian, especially Anglican, intellectuals.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium (1791 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The history of the Roman Empire 976-1078 by one of the liveliest writers of the middle ages.
		The account of her father, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I, by Princess Anna Comnena is perhaps the most important historical work by a woman writer written before the modern period.
		The Monk of Kublai Khan, Emperor of China; or The History of the Life and Travels of Rabban Sawma, Envoy and Plenipotentiary of the Mongol Khans to the Kings of Europe and Markos who as Yahbh-Allaha III Became Patriarch of the Nestorian Church.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/sbook1c.html (3421 words)

	HJG: Byzantine and modern Greek studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Basil Blackwell and Co., Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham (1984-2003)
		Homepage of the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham: tables of contents from 2000 to present
		The History Journals Guide is part of WWW-Virtual Library and VL The History Index.
	www.history-journals.de /journals/hjg-b00320.html (73 words)

	The City of Thessaloniki
		Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece with a population of 1,000,000 inhabitants, is one of the oldest cities in Europe.
		Its many churches whose fine mosaics and wall-paintings are representative of various periods of Byzantine art have survive to enhance the image of the city.
		Among them are the Macedonian University, The Archeological and Byzantine museums, the Folklore museum, the State Conservatory, Theatres and Orchestras, the Society of Macedonian Studies, the Institute for Balkan Studies, and other cultural and artistic organisations.
	uranus.eng.auth.gr /new/eng/thessaloniki.html (616 words)

	Greece history. Bronze, Minoan, Mycenaean, archaic, Hellenistic, roman, Byzantine & ottoman periods. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Greece under the Roman Empire, from 31 B.C. to 180 AD is described as the era of the Pax Romana, a Roman Peace between Rome and the central areas of the Empire like Greece and the Greek East.
		There was a close relationship between the emperor and the church, and it was during the Byzantine period that many standards were set for the Orthodox Church.
		To this day, this is a subject of great controversy, since the church traditionally is considered to have preserved the Greek language and culture, while others claim that the church actually benefited from the Ottoman rule by making special agreements in order to keep the people calm.
	www.hellasholidayguide.com /greece_history.htm (1069 words)

	The Vlach Connection and Further Reflections on Roman History
		The greatest "Byzantine" dynasty, the Macedonians, starting with Basil I, seems to have actually been Armenian in origin, even as two of the in-law emperors in the same dynasty, Romanus I and John Tzimisces, were also.
		The Romance speakers of the Balkans enter history in the 12th century as the Vlachs: When the second Bulgarian kingdom broke away from Romania in 1186, the revolt was led by the Asen brothers, who were Vlachs themselves.
		Even the terminology of the schism betrays the same kind of Western bias as the use of the term "Byzantine." The single, true, and orthodox Church of the Roman Empire was the "Holy Roman Catholic and Apostolic Church." The term catholic itself was Greek, katholikê, "on the whole, in general" i.e.
	www.friesian.com /decdenc2.htm (7704 words)

	World History Compass, Byzantine History
		Explores various aspects of life and some enduring themes which distinguish Byzantium's long history through the display and interpretation of three hundred objects of Byzantine art and material culture.
		Online exhibition includes examples of art from the first golden age of Byzantine art (324730) and the late period, which ended with the Turkish conquest in 1453.
		It is intended for use by scholars attached to MMB, the institute, visiting scholars and advanced graduate students who have chosen Byzantine chant as a subject for research.
	www.worldhistorycompass.com /byzan.htm (271 words)

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