History of Ceuta and Melilla

History of Ceuta and Melilla - Factbites
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Topic: History of Ceuta and Melilla

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)

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	Guardian A rocky relationship
		Ceuta and Melilla, both military emplacements, are fully paid-up parts of Spain whose citizens elect their own representatives in the Madrid parliament and have exactly the same rights as any other Spaniard.
		This even extends to the way the people of Ceuta and Melilla, who live largely by selling goods that are smuggled over the frontier into Morocco, display an exaggerated sense of Spanishness that is similar to the Gibraltarians' adoration of the Union flag.
		It is a small port at the mouth of the Mediterranean, overlooked by a towering rock, famous for its smugglers, owned by a country that lies across the sea but claimed by the one that surrounds it.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4689615-103482,00.html (773 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		And as a consequence, a lot of the goods that come into Ceuta and Melilla then pass through to Morocco as contraband.
		We now have the story for you of the land of two continents, the disputed North African enclaves Ceuta and Melilla.
		History suggests that they belong to Spain, and like most of Europe, the euro is the official currency; that and the island's tax-free status, facilitate the easy flow of goods, but as Sylvia Smith (ph) reports, that could soon change.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0305/31/i_if.00.html (3221 words)

	Morocco claims Ceuta and Melilla
		Ceuta and Melilla each have a population of about 70,000 of which 85 percent are of Spanish origin and 10 percent are Muslim.
		The paper L'Opinion, which is close to the party of Yusufi, pointed to a parliamentary question that is to be raised in the Spanish legislature by the Iniciativa per Catalunya-Els Verds (IC) (Catalan Greens) in September, supporting the transfer of all rights on Ceutas and Melilla to Morocco.
		Ceuta is the destination for thousands of refugees from the whole of Africa, who attempt to make a safe crossing in order to migrate to Spain and the European Union.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/mor-s04.shtml (927 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spain : the Exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
		WHKMLA : History of Spain: the Exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
		Melilla was conquered by the Spanish in 1496, Ceuta by the Portuguese in 1415, one of the few parts of the Portuguese Empire that was to stay with Spain after the dynastic union of both countries (1580-1640) was dissolved.
		Ceuta and Melilla are Spain's two remaining outposts in Africa.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/ceuta.html (246 words)

	Hot Topic - Middle East
		There are particularly useful sections on the Palestinian organizations, the Saudi economy, and the recent history of Ceuta and Melilla (two Spanish enclaves on the North African coast).
		Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-expression, DBW stack, DS58.N57 2002.
		The author also explains the history of Christian minorities, such as the Copts, Assyrians, Armenians, Maronites, and the Sudanese Christians.
	www.lib.uwo.ca /weldon/news/hottopics/archive2004/may04.shtml (4336 words)

	AllRefer.com - Spain - Gibraltar, Ceuta, and Melilla Spanish Information Resource
		Mounting tensions between the Spanish and the Muslim populations in Ceuta and in Melilla added to the precariousness of the Spanish position.
		In much the same way that Spain laid claim to Gibraltar as part of its territory, Morocco maintained that the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla were integral parts of Morocco's sovereign territory.
		Ceuta, which had become a Spanish possession following the union with Portugal in 1580, was historically a focal point for trade between Europe and Africa.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/spain/spain148.html (1044 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Europe or Africa?: A Contemporary Study of the Spanish North African Enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
		Ceuta and Melilla are two enclaves on the northern coast of Africa which have belonged to Spain for centuries but which are also claimed by Morocco.
		Europe or Africa?: A Contemporary Study of the Spanish North African Enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
		As an integral part of Spain the towns have also been part of the territory of the European Union since 1986 and their unique situation gives rise not only to the question 'Are they part of Europe or Africa?', but also to a number of difficulties which are explored in this study.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0853239959 (338 words)

	Brief Book Reviews - Middle East Quarterly - March 1995
		The Middle East volume includes particularly useful sections on the Palestinian organizations, the Saudi economy, and the recent history of Ceuta and Melilla (two Spanish towns on the North African coast).
		Grounding his views in both the Jewish state's history and the basic logic of nuclear deterrence, Evron concludes that such a strategy would most likely undermine Israel's security by triggering widespread nuclear proliferation in a very unstable region.
		In contrast, Shamir takes great pains to justify his unwillingness to concede any part of the "Land of Israel." Based in equal parts on national security and Jewish history, he makes a reasonable-sounding case for keeping all of the administered territories.
	www.meforum.org /article/246 (3815 words)

	Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession February 28 in History
		Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession February 28 in History
		Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession
		May the forces of evil become confused on the way to your house.
	www.brainyhistory.com /events/1976/february_28_1976_148338.html (50 words)

	AxisofLogic/ Palestine
		With triumphant blare articles by fence protagonists informed us that border fences exist around the Spanish enclaves Ceuta and Melilla on the African continent, and that similar structures are being built in Poland and Hungary, to prevent illegal immigration and human trafficking.
		I pointed out that all other fences which were enumerated as analogies differed in that one decisive attribute: they were all on the territory of the state which built them, and if expropriations were executed for fence construction, these were never imposed on individuals on the far side of the border.
		Axel Muessigbrod was born in 1951, studied history and german philology and holds an MA and Ph.D. in medieval history.
	www.axisoflogic.com /cgi-bin/exec/view.pl?archive=124&num=11185 (386 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spain : the Exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
		Melilla was conquered by the Spanish in 1496, Ceuta by the Portuguese in 1415, one of the few parts of the Portuguese Empire that was to stay with Spain after the dynastic union of both countries (1580-1640) was dissolved.
		Ceuta and Melilla are Spain's two remaining outposts in Africa.
		Spain still holds on to Ceuta (19 square km, 68.796 inhabitants) and Melilla (13 square km, 59.576 inhabitants), cities which have both strong Catholic and Muslim communities (the latter predominantly immigrants).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/ceuta.html (246 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spain : the Exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
		Melilla was conquered by the Spanish in 1496, Ceuta by the Portuguese in 1415, one of the few parts of the Portuguese Empire that was to stay with Spain after the dynastic union of both countries (1580-1640) was dissolved.
		Ceuta and Melilla are Spain's two remaining outposts in Africa.
		Spain still holds on to Ceuta (19 square km, 68.796 inhabitants) and Melilla (13 square km, 59.576 inhabitants), cities which have both strong Catholic and Muslim communities (the latter predominantly immigrants).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/ceuta.html (246 words)

	1976 in History
		February 28 Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession
		January 26 Israel opens "Good Fence" to Lebanon
		January 26 NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 23-20
	www.brainyhistory.com /years/1976.html (6392 words)

	1976 in History
		February 28 Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession
		January 26 Israel opens "Good Fence" to Lebanon
		January 26 NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 23-20
	www.brainyhistory.com /years/1976.html (6392 words)

	ipedia.com: Peñón de Alhucemas Article
		Peñón de Alhucemas, or Lavender Rock, is one of the Spanish territories on Morocco or off the Moroccan coast, along with the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, the island of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Islas Chafarinas and the small disputed islet of Isla Perejil.
		Peñón de Alhucemas, or Lavender Rock, is one of the Spanish territories on Morocco or off the Moroccan coast, along with the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, the island of Peñón de Vélez de la G...
		The islands' history dates back to 1559 when several parts of Morocco were given to Spain in order to help defending it against Turk armies.
	www.ipedia.com /penon_de_alhucemas.html (334 words)

	European Press Review
		According to Spain’s El País of July 15, a Moroccan spokesman called Spain’s reaction “totally disproportionate.” Morocco has long disputed the legitimacy of Spain’s remaining territories in North Africa: Ceuta and Melilla, two enclaves on the Moroccan mainland; and three island groups, including Perejil’s cluster, the Chafarinas.
		The left-wing El País published on July 19 a long treatise on the history of Spain’s North African territories and concluded that Perejil belongs to Morocco.
		El Mundo suggested on July 15 that perhaps Mohammed “wanted to add the invasion of a lost island” to the list of wedding gifts he had received.
	www.wrmea.com /archives/sept-oct02/0209048.html (1586 words)

	Manuscripts Guide -- G
		The Gaver manuscript is a thorough study of military installations in several fortified towns in North Africa, including Oran, Mazalquivir, Ceuta, and Melilla, with notes on their population, government, and history, as well as a more extensive a history of Oran during the years of spanish domination, 1505-1541.
		The Spanish military engineer Antonio de Gaver oversaw the construction of castles, forts, and other military installations in Spain and on the Spanish-Portuguese border beginning as early as 1719, and he was a prolific cartographer and surveyor.
		Notebook of Henry Dilworth Gilpin for a course on natural philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, ca.1819, with additional notes on mathematics.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/g.htm (3604 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spanish Morocco, ToC
		Article Sidi Ifni, Ceuta, Spanish North Africa, Melilla, from Encyclopedia of the Orient
		A Short History of Morocco, from Election World
		Article Spanish Colonial Empire, from Britannica Book of the Year 1949 p.600 (on events of 1948) [G]
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/northafrica/xspmorocco.html (124 words)

	Manuscripts Guide -- G
		The Gaver manuscript is a thorough study of military installations in several fortified towns in North Africa, including Oran, Mazalquivir, Ceuta, and Melilla, with notes on their population, government, and history, as well as a more extensive a history of Oran during the years of spanish domination, 1505-1541.
		The Spanish military engineer Antonio de Gaver oversaw the construction of castles, forts, and other military installations in Spain and on the Spanish-Portuguese border beginning as early as 1719, and he was a prolific cartographer and surveyor.
		One of many manuscript copies of the work made in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, this was understood to have been the work of a native of Macao.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/g.htm (124 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spanish Morocco, ToC
		Article Sidi Ifni, Ceuta, Spanish North Africa, Melilla, from Encyclopedia of the Orient
		Estimates of Death Tolls in Rif War (1921-1926, posted by Matthew White, scroll down
		Regnal Chronologies : North Africa, scroll down for Ceuta, Fez, Morocco, Rif Republic, Sijilmasa, Tangier
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/northafrica/xspmorocco.html (124 words)

	University of Granada - General Information
		The University of Granada also has University Campuses in the Spanish cities of Ceuta (with more than 70,000 inhabitants) and Melilla (with more than 60,000 inhabitants), located in North Africa, which have a special cultural importance by virtue of the coexistence of the different cultures making up their populations.
		With 470 years of tradition, the University of Granada has been an exceptional witness to history, as its influence in the city's social and cultural environment grew until it was to become, over a period of almost five centuries, an intellectual and cultural nucleus in Southern Spain in its own right.
		During the summer, the University of Granada organises short courses aimed at university students and also postgraduates who are already working, who wish to update previously obtained knowledge or to specialise in various fields.
	www.ugr.es /university.htm (124 words)

	Books & Literature : The Betrothed of Death : The Spanish Foreign Legion During the
		Currently, and since Spain does not have colonies any more, the Spanish Foreign Legion is deployed in Spain, divided into four Tercios (regiment-type units) stationed in Ceuta, Melilla (two Spanish cities in northern Africa), Ronda and Almeria.
		This is, by far, the best account of the Spanish Foreign Legion in English, and his worked does much to bring their story to a wider public.
		Always the crack unit of the Spanish army, the Legion is considered one of the best (if not the best) units within the NATO, comparing favourably with famous units such as the British SAS in field exercises and peace (?) missions in former Yugoslavia.
	www.literature.order-home.com /betrothed_death_spanish_0313306974.html (124 words)

	History of Spain - FreeEncyclopedia
		Mistreatment of the Moorish population in Morocco led to an uprising and the loss of all North African possessions except for the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in 1921.
		This constitution was revoked by the returning king Ferdinand VII.
		This was capitalized upon by the King of Morocco, who seized Western Sahara, and by Equatorial Guinea, which achieved its independence.
	openproxy.ath.cx /hi/History_of_Spain.html (1514 words)

	History of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mistreatment of the Moorish population in Spanish Morocco led to an uprising and the loss of all North African possessions except for the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in 1921.
		Under the rule of Carlos III and his ministers, Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache and José Moñino, Count of Floridablanca, Spain embarked on a program of enlightened despotism that brought Spain a new prosperity in the middle of the eighteenth century.
		The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north and, after the loss of Toledo in 1085, the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Spain (6174 words)

	Revolution
		Mistreatment of the Moorish population in Morocco led to an uprising and the loss of all North African possessions except for the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in 1921.
		Despite all kinds of warnings, de Polignac tried by a coup d'Ã©tat to put into practice his theories of the supremacy of the royal prerogative: and the Battle of Navarino, the French occupation of the Morea, and the Algerian expedition could not make the nation forget this conflict at home.
		The elections de colÃ¨re et de vengeance of January 1827 gave the Left a majority, and the resultant short-lived Martignac ministry tried to revive the Right Centre which had supported Richelieu and Ãlie Decazes (January 1828).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /re/revolution.html (6174 words)

	Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession February 28 in History
		Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession February 28 in History
		Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession
		May the forces of evil become confused on the way to your house.
	www.brainyhistory.com /events/1976/february_28_1976_148338.html (50 words)

	Spain Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ LaunchBase.com
		Morocco claims the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the uninhabited Vélez, Alhucemas, Chafarinas, and Perejil islands, all on the Northern coast of Africa.
		The extended, lingering, decline of the Spanish empire was due in large part, ironically, to its spectacular successes in the 15th and 16th centuries that led to the centuries of the treasure fleets bringing back silver and gold from the American mines.
		This initiated a period of turmoil that led to the loss of the vast mainland American territories and plunged the country into endemic political instability, which lasted until 1939.
	www.launchbase.com /encyclopedia/Spain (8126 words)

	Did you know: Food History
		Only Melilla and Ceuta, Spanish territory in North Africa and once important presidios, today remind us of the economic and military threat to Spain from this activity in North Africa.
		To counter the threat as well as to provide defense against pirates (like ‘Uluj ‘Ali, the Bey of Algiers, who drove the Spanish out of Tunis in 1569), the Spanish king Ferdinand V built a line of presidios along the North African coast between 1509 and 1511.
		To supplement the presidios, the Spanish also built major defense works throughout southern Italy and by 1567 more than three hundred watchtowers existed throughout the kingdom.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/presidios.html (576 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Spain Article
		Mistreatment of the Moorish population in Morocco led to an uprising and the loss of all North African possessions except for the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in 1921.
		The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north and, after the loss of Toledo in 1085, the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.
		Disgusted with the king's involvement in it, urban population voted for republican parties in the municipal elections of April 1931.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_spain.html (3377 words)

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Topic: History of Ceuta and Melilla

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