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Topic: History of Chad

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Chad

Republic of Chad

List of Presidents of Chad

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Military of Chad

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History of the Central African Republic

Patriotic Salvation Movement

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chad
		Chad (Arabic: تشاد (Tšad); French: Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa.
		The Republic of Chad (تشاد) is a country in central Africa that borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west.
		Chads were made famous in the highly contentious 2000 presidential election in the United States, where a majority in the U.S. Electoral College was determined in Florida by the counting of punch card ballots.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/chad (1223 words)

	Chad - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chad is bordered by the Central African Republic on the south, Sudan on the east, Libya on the north, and Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria on the west.
		Chad said the change was necessary because of national financial difficulties, caused in part by the rebellion in the east.
		Chad: the tip of the spear: a revolution is taking place in the dust bowls of southern Chad, one that will have a profound impact on how African countries do business with the major oil companies in the future.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-chad.html (1877 words)

	History of Chad - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		During the 7th millennium BC, the northern half of Chad was part of a broad expanse of land, stretching from the Indus River in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, in which ecological conditions favored early human settlement.
		The decisive colonial battle for Chad was fought on April 22, 1900 at Kousséri between the French Major Lamy and the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr, both of whom were killed in the battle.
		History of Chad • History of Sudan • Darfur conflict • Second Battle of Adré • Battle of Borota • Tripoli Agreement • Battle of Amdjereme • Dalola raid • Chadian presidential election, 2006 • Battle of N'Djamena • 2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt • Mediation of the Chadian-Sudanese conflict • Dakar Accord
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Chad (3658 words)

	Chad - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chad has four climactic zones: it has broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, dry mountains in northwest, and tropical lowlands in south.
		Lake Chad, which is in Chad and Cameroon, was once the second-largest lake in Africa but has shrunk dramatically during the last few decades and is now down to less than 10% of its former size.
		Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major oilfield and pipeline projects that began in 2000.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Talk:Chad/temp (928 words)

	The History of Chad in brief
		The history of Chad is one of the longest recorded histories on earth.
		Chad is a country in Africa situated in the central northern region and located in the Sahara zone, which means the climate is humid and hot.
		The land of Chad is a basin with deserts in the north, grassy plains in the central region, and tall grasslands and jungles in the southern parts.
	www.learn-french-help.com /history-of-chad.html (1162 words)

	St. Chad's, Lichfield - St. Chad, our Patron
		The England of Chad’s time was a place of religious conflict: conflict between Christianity and the pagan religions of the Anglo-Saxons, and conflict within Christianity between the Roman church and the followers of the Celtic Christian tradition.
		Chad then summoned his monks and, after urging them to live good Christian lives and to continue in keeping the rules of monastic discipline, announced that he was soon to die.
		Chad was quickly taken ill and on the seventh day (2nd March, 672), ‘his holy soul was released from the prison-house of the body and, one may rightly believe, was taken by the angels to the joys of heaven’.
	www.saintchads.org.uk /stchad.htm (969 words)

	Chad HISTORY
		Chad was separated in 1916 and became a colony in 1920.
		After 1945, Chad became one of the territories of French Equatorial Africa in the French Union, and in the referendum of 28 September 1958 the territory of Chad voted to become an autonomous republic within the French Community.
		Northern Chad, however, remained under the control of Libya and Oueddei's rebel forces, and there were growing fears that Libya was moving to annex the area.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Chad-HISTORY.html (2517 words)

	Chad: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Chad Chad Chad is a country in Africa which is south of Libya and north of....
		History of Chad Geography of Chad Demographics of Chad Politics of Chad Economy of Chad...
		Chad is a country in Africa which is south of Libya and north of Cameroon.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ch/Chad.html (239 words)

	St. Chad's, Lichfield - History
		St Chad's was garrisoned by parliamentary forces and was used as a store for ladders and other equipment needed for attacks on the north-east side of the Cathedral Close, which was held by the Royalists.
		St Chad's was severely damaged during the war and by the end much of the roof was missing.
		Much repair work was needed at St Chad's, and the remains of the single span roof which had covered the nave and both aisles were removed and replaced by the current arrangement - a red-brick clerestory and a separate roof over each of the aisles and the nave.
	www.saintchads.org.uk /churchhistory.htm (975 words)

	Chad Valley - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chad Valley is a long-established brand of toys in the United Kingdom.
		Under the management of his son Joseph and grandson Alfred the company moved to the suburb of Harborne, in the valley of a stream called the Chad, from which the name comes.
		The company was one of the UK's leading toymakers for most of the 20th century, but in the 1970s it closed several factories and was taken over by Palitoy.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Chad_Valley (144 words)

	Kanem-Bornu Empire - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The history of the Empire from the 13th century onwards is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle (Diwan) discovered in 1850 by Heinrich Barth, a German archeologist.
		One factor that influenced the formation of states in Chad was the penetration of Islam during the 10th century.
		After consolidating their territory around Lake Chad the Fezzan region (in present-day Libya) fell under Kanem's authority, and the empire's influence extended westward to Kano (in present-day Nigeria), eastward to Ouaddaï, and southward to the Adamawa grasslands (in present-day Cameroon).
	www.recipeland.com /facts/Kanem-Bornu_Empire (1667 words)

	History of Chad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The first major colonial battle for Chad was fought in 1900 between the French Major Lamy and the African leader Rabah, both of whom were killed in the battle.
		Although Chad joined the French colonies of Gabon, Oubangui-Charo, and Moyen Congo to form the Federation of French Equatorial Africa (AEF) in 1910, it did not have colonial status until 1920.
		The northern region of Chad was occupied by the French in 1914.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/chad.html (1618 words)

	Chad: History — FactMonster.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chad suffered severely from the W African drought of the late 1960s and 1970s.
		Chad also has received refugees from the Central African Republic, 30,000 of whom fled a coup there in 2003 and smaller numbers that were displaced by banditry in 2005.
		Chad said the change was necessary because of national financial difficulties, caused in part by the rebellion in the east.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0857238.html (1070 words)

	Travel in N'Djamena Chad History
		Chad is a landlocked nation in north-central Africa, with land area roughly three times that of California.
		French is spoken in the politically dominant south of Chad, while the north is typified by nomadic Muslims who speak Arabic.
		Chad is a nation with its foundations built on the precipice of conflict.
	www.africatravelling.net /chad/ndjamena/ndjamena_history.htm (305 words)

	History of Chad
		Little is known about Chad before the beginning of the second millennium A.D. At about that time, the region gave birth to one of the great societies of Central Africa--the Kanem Empire, formed from a confederation of nomadic peoples.
		Moreover, the French administration of Chad was conducted from faraway Brazzaville (in present-day Congo), and its efforts were concentrated in the south; throughout the colonial period, France's control of the central and northern areas was nominal.
		Chad's internal security requirements were provided by the well-trained Presidential Guard and by several national and territorial police forces.
	www.motherearthtravel.com /chad/history.htm (2080 words)

	Chad
		Chad is somewhat similar to Sudan in that it has a northern part inhabited by an Islamic (and partly Arabic-speaking) population of pastoralist semidesert peoples, and a southern part of Christians and traditional religious people, engaged in mixed agriculture, crafts, and trade.
		Chad is basically a large plain, with some mountain ranges, including the Guéra massif in the center and the Ouaddaï or Ennedi massif in the east; in the north in the middle of the desert lies the spectacular Tibesti range, where cultivation is possible due to higher rainfall.
		Chad did not exist as a political unit before the French conquest of 1900, but was an area of important indigenous state formation and had seen Arab immigration (of groups collectively called Djoheina and Hassaouna) and Islamization since the fourteenth century.
	www.everyculture.com /Bo-Co/Chad.html (5973 words)

	Chad History \| iExplore.com
		Chad was first defined as a national territory in 1910, as one of the four making up French Equatorial Africa.
		Its history since then has been characterized by political instability and tensions, largely due to religious and cultural divisions between the Muslim north and Christian/animist south – a pattern that may be found in many other African countries, including Nigeria and Sudan.
		Chad is one of the world’s poorest countries, with a per capita annual income of just US$200.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Chad/History (955 words)

	Chad (09/06)
		Lake Chad is the second-largest lake in West Africa and is one of the most important wetlands on the continent.
		The Government of Chad, however, claimed that the 2000 tax agreement was illegal, because it was negotiated by officials without proper authority and was not vetted by the National Assembly.
		Chad’s economic performance, at least until the onset of oil exports, continued to depend on fluctuations in rainfall and in prices of its principal export commodities, especially cotton.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/37992.htm (5226 words)

	Development History (Chad/Cameroon Development Project)
		Chad's oil resources offer a unique opportunity to help improve the quality of life of the citizens of this developing country.
		Because Chad is a landlocked country, it has no direct access to the ocean, which is the only practical means to move large quantities of crude oil from the interior of Africa to world markets.
		In 1996, Chad and Cameroon agreed to a bilateral treaty that provided for the construction and operation of the pipeline and other oil transportation facilities.
	www.esso.com /Chad-English/PA/Operations/TD_History.asp (574 words)

	History - Chad - Africa
		Cave paintings indicate that Chad was a fertile and populous country in ancient times.
		In the late 19th century the area was subdued by the Sudanese conqueror Rabih al-Zubayr, and it was taken over by the French on his death.
		In the early 1990s Chad continued to suffer from widespread political and ethnic unrest, including the massacre of 82 civilians by President Deby’s private guard in August 1993.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/chad/history.htm (593 words)

	Islam in Africa-Chad history
		A special summit of the OAU ad hoc committee on the Chad/Libya dispute in February 1982 called for reconciliation among all the factions, particularly those led by Goukouni and Habre, who had resumed fighting in eastern Chad.
		The OAU force remained neutral during the conflict, and all of its elements were withdrawn from Chad at the end of June.
		The OAU ad hoc committee continued to seek a peaceful solution to the Chad/Libya conflict, holding meetings over the years with heads of state or ministerial-level officials.
	www.islaminafrica.org /chad-h.htm (1260 words)

	Chad
		The blue-yellow-red colours of Chad are a combination of the blue-white-red of France, the former colonial power, and the green-yellow-red of the Pan-African (e.g., Ethiopian) ones.
		Therefore, the history of Chad is characterized by ethnical and religious disputes which are not solved yet.
		Chad was an important starting point for the military operations led by Leclerc in the Libyan desert (1941-1943).
	www.fotw.net /Flags/td.html (1706 words)

	Chad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The blue-yellow-red colours of Chad are a combination of the blue-white-red of France, the former colonial power, and the green-yellow-red of the Pan-African (e.g., Ethiopian) ones.
		Therefore, the history of Chad is characterized by ethnical and religious disputes which are not solved yet.
		Chad was an important starting point for the military operations led by Leclerc in the Libyan desert (1941-1943).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/td.html (1706 words)

	History_of_Chad LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Toward the end of the 1st millennium AD, the formation of states began across central Chad in the sahelian zone between the desert and the savanna.
		Chad insists that both rebel groups are supported by the Sudanese government.
		Chad Â· Comoros Â· Democratic Republic of the Congo ;Â· Republic of the Congo Â· CÃ´te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) ;Â· Djibouti Â· Egypt Â· Equatorial Guinea ;Â· Eritrea Â· Ethiopia Â· Gabon Â· The Gambia Â· Ghana Â· Guinea Â· Guinea-Bissau Â· Kenya Â· Lesotho Â· Liberia Â· Libya Â· Madagascar Â· Malawi Â· Mali Â· Mauritania Â· Mauritius ;Â· Morocco Â· Mozambique Â· Namibia Â· Niger Â· Nigeria Â· Rwanda Â· SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe Â· Senegal Â· Seychelles Â· Sierra Leone ;Â· Somalia Â· South Africa ;Â· Sudan Â· Swaziland Â· Tanzania Â· Togo Â· Tunisia Â· Uganda Â· Zambia Â· Zimbabwe
	www.school-explorer.com /info/History_of_Chad (3531 words)

	History of Chad - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The decisive colonial battle for Chad was fought on April 22, 1900 at Kousseri (in today's Cameroon) between the French Major Lamy and the African leader Rabah Zobeir, both of whom were killed in the battle.
		Although Chad joined the French colonies of Gabon, Oubangui-Chari, and Middle Congo to form the federation of French Equatorial Africa (AEF) in 1910, it did not have colonial status until 1920.
		The northern region of Chad was occupied by the French in 1914.
	education.music.us /H/History-of-Chad.htm (1995 words)

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