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Topic: History of Chechnya

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First Chechnya War

Politics of Chechnya

Chechnya

First Chechen War

Second Chechen War

Chechnia

Shamil Basayev

Aslan Maskhadov

Ichkeria

Amir Khattab

Dzhokhar Dudaev

Alu Alkhanov

Ingushetija

Russian apartment bombings

Chechen people

	History of Chechnya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russian Terek Cossack Host was established in lowland Chechnya in 1577 by free Cossacks resettled from Volga to Terek River.
		Amir Khattab, the prominent leader of Islamist forces, was poisoned in Chechnya in March 2002.
		At about 2:30 PM local time on December 27, 2002, two truck bombs were driven at high speed into the Grozny headquarters of Chechnya's federal-backed government in an apparent suicide attack, killing at least 72 people, injuring at least 500, and destroying the Chechen government administrative building.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Chechnya (2066 words)

	Chechnya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bordering Stavropol Krai to the northwest, the republic of Dagestan to the northeast and east, Georgia to the south, and the republics of Ingushetia and North Ossetia to the west, it is located in the Northern Caucasus mountains, in the Southern Federal District.
		Chechnya is a region in the Northern Caucasus which has constantly fought against foreign rule, beginning with the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century.
		Chechnya is considered an independent republic by its separatists, and a federal republic by its federalists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chechnya (4314 words)

	Chechnya, Chechen War, History - CDI Russia Weekly #229 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		ANALYSIS CHECHNYA: The bloody history of a people with an unquenchable thirst for independence The dramatic siege in a Moscow theatre is only the latest episode in the tumultuous struggle of a region desperate to break away
		Russia conquered Chechnya in 1858 after wars that live in Russian literature and folk memory for the ferocity of the fighting, the romantic desperation of the Chechen warriors and the dramatic grandeur of the scenery.
		A group of Islamic militants with ties to the Taliban crossed the eastern border from Chechnya and invaded Dagestan, a Muslim republic which, like Chechnya, is part of Russia, but unlike Chechnya has an outlet to the sea, with a long coastline on the Caspian.
	www.cdi.org /russia/229-8.cfm (1104 words)

	Article - history of chechnya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Our history, and our rich folklore and legends, provide a window into who we truly are: our extreme pride, our fierce independence, our persistence of ancient traditions, our morals, our beliefs, our customs and our attitudes.
		While clans share a common history, language, religion and culture, each taip has their own elder council, court of justice, cemetary, customs, traditions and laws (called adats, which were customary laws).
		Buried in the village (aul) of Dishne in Vedeno district.
	www.amina.com /article/br_hist.html (6586 words)

	Chechnya Timeline
		On May 9, Chechnya's Moscow-backed leader, Akhmad Kadyrov, is killed in a bombing.
		On Aug.29, another Russian-supported leader, Alu Alkhanov, is elected president of Chechnya with 73.5% of the vote.
		In March, the president of the separatist government of Chechnya, Aslan Maskhadov, is killed by Russian troops.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/chechnyatime1.html (700 words)

	CHECHNYA: HISTORY AS NIGHTMARE :. The Chechen Times №14 :. The Chechen Times :. THE CHECHEN TIMES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In November 1922, Chechnya was detached from the Mountain Republic and given the status of an Autonomous Oblast of the Russian federation, one step in the progressive erosion of Bolshevik pledges to respect the mountain peoples’ autonomy.
		The current conflict in Chechnya can hardly be defined as an «anti- terrorist operation», neither it can be called a war because the methods used by the remorseless Russian forces belong to a completely different reality.
		The essence of Russia’s policy in Chechnya is expressed by General Yermolov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian forces in the Caucasus from 1816 to 1827.
	www.chechentimes.org /en/chechentimes/14?id=925 (1663 words)

	Chechnya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Terek Kazak army was established in lowland Chechnya in 1577.
		At this time, the slave trade also re-emerged in Chechnya (the earliest known person taken as a Chechen slave, Vladimir Yepishin, was kidnapped in 1989 and released in 2002, and claims to have come in contact with other slaves kidnapped by Chechens in the mid-80s [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1875162.stm]).
		The accords declared that Chechnya's national status would be decided by the end of 2001, but gave the Republic of Ichkeria de-facto independence in the meantime{{fact}}.
	q-basic.xodox.de /Chechnya (3934 words)

	Chechnya on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Prior to 1992 Chechnya and Ingushetia comprised the Checheno-Ingush Republic.
		In 2003 voters approved a new constitution for Chechnya, and Akhmad Kadyrov was subsequently elected president, but the election was generally regarded as neither free nor fair.
		RUSSIA, CHECHNYA, Chechnya, Grozny03/2002Home of the elderly and mentally ill "Katajama".Poster of Malik Saidulayev.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Chechnya_History.asp (1493 words)

	Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Chechnya is predominantly Muslim, its inhabitants having been converted to Islam under the Ottoman Empire of the 15th Century.
		Chechnya’s economy is presently recovering from the consequences of war.
		Reasons for opposition included the claim that Chechnya was not an independent entity within the Soviet Union, that Chechnya’s secession would create a precedent for other minority groups within the Russian Federation, and that Chechnya’s abundant supply of oil was critical to Russia’s economic prosperity.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=14 (1358 words)

	Time For Kids \| Classroom \| Class Area \| Attack in Russia
		On Friday, a powerful bomb exploded on a commuter train in Chechnya (Chetch-nee-ya), a region that is part of Russia.
		Chechnya is a mostly Muslim region of Russia and is about the size of New Jersey.
		In 1991, Chechnya declared that it was no longer a part of Russia, but Russia refused to let Chechnya become its own nation.
	www.timeforkids.com /TFK/class/area/newsarticleprintout/0,17447,556917,00.html (309 words)

	Chechnya: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fighting continued in the mountainous regions of southern Chechnya, traditionally the stronghold of the Chechen rebels.
		Shortly after the hostage crisis, Putin announced a referendum would be held in Chechnya on a proposed new constitution that affirmed Chechnya's status as a republic within the Russian Federation.
		Under the constitution, Chechnya is allowed an unspecified level of autonomy and an elected government but is subordinate to federal law.
	www.chechnyawar.com /history (1532 words)

	IslamOnline - Views Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although the conflict in Chechnya is conservatively estimated to have killed a staggering 100,000 Chechens and created an equal number of refugees over the past decade, it has usually taken headline-grabbing acts of violence and/or assassinations of influential figures to bring the conflict back into the limelight.
		The history of the Northern Caucasus is marked by the primacy of religious identification, combined with a rebellious spirit that has generated heroic resistance.
		While Chechnya remains the locus of regional politics, the smaller republics of Dagestan, North Ossetia, and Ingushetia are facing similar problems—marginalization, popular dissatisfaction, ethnic tensions, poverty, corrupt local leaders, and the heavy-hand of Russian hegemony.
	www.islamonline.net /English/Views/2005/03/article09.SHTML (1947 words)

	The History Guy: The Second Chechen War
		In order to understand the roots of the conflict in Russia's South Caucasus region (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ossetia, Ingushetia), an examination of the historical conflicts in that part of Russia in general, and Chechnya in particular, is necessary.
		Some Dagestanis are reported to have helped the Chechens in their war and some of the more radical Chechen war leaders wish to force Russia out of the area and unite the Muslim peoples of the Caucasus region.
		Following months of clashes and tension in the border area of the semi-independent state of Chechnya and the Russian Republic of Dagestan, rebels seized control of several villages and battled Russian troops.
	www.historyguy.com /chechen_war_two.html (1212 words)

	Chechnya: Rewriting History
		Chechnya and Ingushetia were wiped off the map and all references to them were expunged from official records and encyclopaedias.
		Abbas Osmayev, a history teacher at Chechnya’s state university said he had made enquiries about commemoration but was told that nothing was scheduled.
		Edilbek Khasmagomadov, former director of Chechnya’s National Library, said that in 2001 access to archives of the security police force that carried out the deportations, the NKVD, which had been open in the early Nineties began to be restricted.
	www.freeserbia.net /Articles/2004/History.html (1265 words)

	Chechnya
		Chechnya is located near Russia, and is currently considered one of the Russian Republics.
		The southern region of Chechnya is dominated by the Caucasus Mountains while the northern region is mostly plains and lowlands.
		Chechnya's ideal location next to the Black Sea has made the exportation of oil a key to their economic survival.
	www.unc.edu /~tgillan/Chechnya.html (470 words)

	Article - history of chechnya - from past to present (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Instead, Moscow's policy toward Chechnya, particularly during the culmination of the crisis in fall and winter 1994-1995, reveals the bizarre and often paradoxical way in which elements of both the new democratic and old socialist thinking and behavior commingle to determine the actions of the current Russian executive and legislative branches of government.
		The Republic of the North Caucasus, that included Chechnya, declared independence soon after the Bolshevik revolution in May 1918 (after September 1919 it was called the North Caucasian Emirate) and fought a brutal war against the Tsarist army commanded by General Denikin.
		Whatever the confusion and mystery surrounding the decision to invade Chechnya, it is possible to discern one very important underlying trend--the absence not only of a system for making key decisions on vital matters of national security, but the lack of an established political tradition of civilized and democratic interaction between high-ranking policymakers.
	www.amina.com /article/history.html (7794 words)

	Chechnya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Chechnya was again one of the difficult issues that EU luminaries knew they would have to broach - along of course with the Yukos affair.
		A possible model for a peace settlement in Chechnya, Shermatova suggested, might be the compromise in Tajikistan that ended that country's civil war in the 1990s--though the situation there was easier because Tajikistan was already legally independent and Russia did not seek to change that status.
		This morning in Itum-Kala District of Chechnya one puppet serviceman was killed and four wounded in a battle with the Mujahideen from the unit under the command of Ruslan Gelayev.
	chechnya.blogspot.com /2003_11_02_chechnya_archive.html (9488 words)

	TIME Europe \| CHECHNYA TRAIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Whatever the outcome of the present fighting in Chechnya, it is unlikely to prove conclusive.
		Nor is it likely to dampen the fervor with which the Chechen people pursue their goal of independence, a battle they have been fighting for more than 200 years, resisting attempts drive them out of the region or to assimilate them.
		Chechnya is one of a necklace of states that fringe the North Caucasus Mountains--the geographical divide between Europe and Asia.
	www.time.com /time/europe/chechnyatrail/chechnyatrail.html (994 words)

	Chechnya and Russia: Centuries of conflict over sovereignty leave a bitter legacy
		The history of Chechnya reflects nearly three centuries of brutal conflict with Russia over territory and independence.
		Chechnya is a landlocked, mountainous region with few natural resources other than crude oil.
		Sergei Makarov: The newly appointed chief of the Combined Federal Forces in the North Caucasus was commander of the 20th army and deputy chief of staff of the North Caucasus Military District.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/11/10/MN100755.DTL (1225 words)

	Russia's Splitting Headache - A Brief History Of Chechnya
		Russians left Chechnya and by 1993 the population of Grozny was 118,000.
		June 2000 saw Chechen, Akhmad Kadyrov, appointed by Moscow as administrator of Chechnya — the population of destroyed Grozny varied between 90,000 - 190,000 (rising to 223,000 in 2002).
		The victims of this war are the civilians in Chechnya, a diminishing number of refugees in Russia and an estimated 15,000 dead and 60,000 — 100,000 wounded Russian military, who have returned to their homes throughout Russia; and of course tens of thousands of brutalised FSB officers who have served 3-6 month tours of duty!
	www.polosbastards.com /artman/publish/chechnya-history.shtml (1396 words)

	History Of The Russian Mafia - A Great Resource of Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Russian history is anchored on a loathing of change: they...
		the single biggest foreign investment in Russian history, and was hailed as a sign that foreign companies had lost their fear of the so-called "Red Mafia's" grip on business, and that they finally...
		Another temporal russian history hurled some italian mafia in sicily at a hotel and restaurant association washington dc.
	www.sergecentral.com /historyoftherussianmafia (1038 words)

	History News Network
		History News Network Because the Past is the Present, and the Future too.
		The issue dated November-December 2004 is no exception for it carries Tony Wood's fascinating in-depth history of Chechnya, which I found very helpful in understanding the current situation.
		And, of course, the U.S. has its own bloody history of resisting secession and would even now surely find it more than a mite embarrassing to champion Chechnyan independence.
	hnn.us /blogs/entries/10797.html (123 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		History of Chechnya Chechnya is an independent republic located in the middle of the Caucasus Mountains.
		So great is the hatred and memories of what the Russians had done to the Chechens that when Russia and Communism finally collapsed the people of Chechnya like many other republics joyfully declared their independence from ethnic Russia.
		This, the act of Russia invading Chechnya (by universal standards of humanity), is an act of naked aggression and not an act of civil war nor question of territorial integrity.
	www.nyx.net /~anon2fda/chechnya.html (670 words)

	A Solution For Chechnya (washingtonpost.com)
		Thus armed, he is ready to push doggedly on with a brutal war that claimed the lives of 500 Russians in just one recent week and has killed some 200,000 Chechens -- a quarter of their population.
		Sponsored by the American Committee for Peace in Chechnya, these unofficial talks were held in August 2001 in Caux, Switzerland, and a year later in Liechtenstein.
		It is true that the inexperienced Maskhadov failed to reverse Chechnya's downward slide during his brief rule, but it is doubtful anyone else could have done better without assistance from Moscow or abroad, which was denied him.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A27550-2004Sep16.html (987 words)

	CHECHNYA FREE.RU \| Chechen News, History, Traditions, Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Chechnya is to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory
		Tangible Contribution to the History and Culture of Vainakhes
		Gakaev “Essays on political history of Chechnya in XX century”
	www.chechnyafree.ru /index.php?section=historyeng&lng=eng (101 words)

	Chechnya War, History - Johnson's Russia List 12-12-02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		History of the 19th Century Chechen Conflict from the Russian Side
		For Gordin, the whole psychology of the Caucasian war and imperial policy is embraced in the first three significant generals to serve their after the inclusion of Georgia into the Russian empire.
		These attitudes and approaches to the Caucasus, and specifically to Chechnya, can also be seen in modern day Russian approaches to the Chechen crisis.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6597-13.cfm (2090 words)

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