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Topic: History of Chinese immigration to Canada

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Chinese Immigration Act of 1923

Head Tax

Head Tax

Chinese Canadian National Council

Overseas Chinese

Douglas Jung

Andrew Onderdonk

Chinese American

Coolie

Citizenship and Immigration Canada

Canadian Pacific Railway

	United States Immigration, History of
		Encyclopaedia of USA History: Immigration to the USA 1860-1960 Comprehensive guide to European immigration to the United States, including migration patterns by country of origin as well as immigrants' experiences through their journeys and in their new homes in America.
		History of Chinese Immigration From the Brown Quarterly (Spring 2000).
		Chinese Immigration to the United States 1851-1900 Overview of Chinese immigration from 1851 to 1900, including primary source documents reflecting observations of and reactions to Chinese immigrants in California during that time.
	www.crf-usa.org /immigration/immigration_history.htm (707 words)

	History of Chinese immigration to Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese first appeared in large numbers in the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1858 as part of the huge migration to that colony from California during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in the newly-declared Mainland Colony.
		In the goldfields, Chinese mining techniques and knowledge turned out to be superior in many ways to those of others, including hydraulic techniques, the use of "rockers", and a technique whereby blankets were used as filter for alluvial sand and then burned, with the gold melting into lumps in the fire.
		Chinese from the mainland who were eligible in the family reunification program had to visit the Canadian High Commission in Hong Kong, since Canada and the PRC did not have diplomatic relations until 1970.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Chinese_immigration_to_Canada (2907 words)

	History of the Chinese Compass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		History of Chinese cuisine - The History of Chinese cuisine is, in China, traced back to the Peking Man and his use of fire, and the invention of "cuisine" some 400,000 years ago.
		Dynasties in Chinese history - Below is a table of the dynasties in Chinese history.
		In this comprehensive text, Derek Walters traces the history of the tradition from its earliest records to the present goat chinese astrology and clearly explains the principles on which the art is founded.
	compass.vvvvvv3.com /historyofthechinesecompass.html (888 words)

	Immigrants to Canada - Chinese
		By 1879, the number of Chinese in the province was estimated by the BC Legislature to be 6,000.
		Chinese sign-boards hang out, and orange pieces of paper with writing on them are in all the windows.
		The Churches here are in favour of the Chinese emigration, from hopes of being better able to convert them; but John has a profound contempt for all systems but his own, and as yet he is a purely heathen here as in his own land.
	ist.uwaterloo.ca /~marj/genealogy/chinese.html (2312 words)

	Canada’s racist immigration policy — The legacy and the reality
		The new immigration selection system now reflects the overseas selection system that was legally put into place on June 28, 2002, by the Liberal federal government.
		The policies made under Liberal governments were to preserve Canada’s so-called homogenous Western European heritage by limiting the number of Africans and Asians immigrating to Canada.
		The first federal Chinese Exclusion Act, in 1885, imposed a head tax on Chinese immigrants of $50, increased to $100 in 1900, and to $500 in 1903.
	www.geocities.com /mnsocialist/canada1.html (1005 words)

	Canadian Canada History - Immigration to Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Early immigration to Canada was generated by a network of emigration agents who were salesman who advertised to Canada's attraction's to prospected immigrants.
		Canada's first immigration legislation, the Immigration Act of 1869 reflected the laissez-faire philosophy of the time by not saying which classes of immigrants should be admitted but, merely that the "governor" could prohibit the landing of pauper or destitute immigrants at any Canadian port.
		Almost all of Canada's population can be traced back to the major immigration period between 1867 and 1915 which was when the most people immigrated to Canada which was a grand total of three million.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=23458 (695 words)

	Not welcome anymore - A Tale of Perseverance: Chinese Immigration to Canada - CBC Archives
		Chinese workers were often called on to do the more dangerous jobs, working with explosives, for instance, and carrying massive rocks.
		Chinese people lived and ran businesses in these segregated areas, the most well known of which was in Vancouver.
		This act effectively stopped immigration to Canada between 1923 and 1947 (the year it was repealed).
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-69-1433-9242/life_society/chinese_immigration/clip1 (747 words)

	Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		The Chinese Immigration Act 1923, known in the Chinese-Canadian community as the Chinese Exclusion Act was an act passed by the Federal Government of Canada, banning most forms of Chinese immigration to Canada.
		The act was passed in response to the large number of Chinese who had immigrated to the Western United States as a result of unsettled conditions in China and the availability of jobs working on railroads.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4602 (689 words)

	Support for Head Tax Redress Petition
		As soon as the CPR was completed, the Federal Government moved to restrict the immigration of Chinese to Canada.
		Yet in its present form, Bill C-333 not only fails to provide full acknowledgement and reparations for the injustice, but indeed adds further insult to those who are the direct victims of the 62 years of legislated racism by removing all language of reconciliation and reparations and by silencing head tax families.
		Recently, the payers and descendents have formed the Ontario Coalition of Chinese Head Tax Payers and Families with a goal to engage the government in the reconciliation process.
	www.petitiononline.com /ccnc (801 words)

	CCNC : Chinese Head Tax and Exclusion Act
		Chinese immigration to Canada began around 1858 in response to the gold rush in British Columbia.
		During the exclusion era, early Chinese pioneers were not allowed to bring their family, including their wives, to Canada.
		Many Chinese families did not reunite until years after the initial marriage, and in some cases they were never reunited.
	www.ccnc.ca /redress/history.html (476 words)

	History of Chinese immigration to Canada - Famous Chinese Americans - Chinese
		After the 1885 legislation failed to deter Chinese immigration to Canada, the Government of Canada passed another law in 1900 to increase the tax to $100, and in 1904 it was increased (land fees) to 500 Canadian dollars (equivalent to $8000 CDN in 2003).
		Chinese in Canada lived in mainly a "bachelor's society" since many Chinese families would not pay the expensive head tax to send their daughters to Canada.
		Chinese from the mainland who were eligible in the family reunion had to visit the Canadian High Commission in Hong Kong, since Canada and the PRC did not have diplomatic relations until 1970.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/History_of_Chinese_immigration_to_Canada (1687 words)

	CBC News Indepth: China
		Chinese labourers were at the centre of a little-known chapter of Canadian First World War history.
		The Chinese who landed in the summer of '99 were the first such arrivals since 1987, when 174 Sikhs from India waded ashore in Nova Scotia.
		Legal immigration is only open to people with money, marketable skills or immediate family in Canada - not things that people who huddle in the hull of a ship for a long, perilous journey are likely to have.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/china/chinese_immigration.html (2701 words)

	Digital History
		In a world in which mass migration is rapidly increasing ethnic diversity, American history can serve as a laboratory for exploring the problems of how people of differing racial, religious, and ethnic backgrounds can interact in a single nation.
		A detailed history of late 19th and early 20th century immigration, including definitions of key terms in the study of immigration, guides to immigration in film and fiction, and discussion of immigration and music, language, diseaese as well as the economics of immigration.
		Chinese immigrants and the construction of the transcontinental railroad
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /do_history/immigration/immigration.cfm (304 words)

	Amazon.com: The Chinese in America: A Narrative History: Books: Iris Chang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Her purview is wide: the immigration of Chinese people to the U.S. from the early nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth.
		Chang also explores the current triple-bind that is the American-born Chinese or the "ABC" experience: to excel, to become white, and to embrace their ethnic heritage, in all this time dealing with a dominant white majority that shifts the signifier that is the Chinese American.
		Chang examines three groups of Chinese Americans that came to the United States during three major periods in history: the first wave that occurred during the mid 1800s, the second wave that came during the 1950s-1960s, and the third wave that arrived during the latter half of the 20th century after the Cold War thawed.
	www.amazon.com /Chinese-America-Narrative-History/dp/0670031232 (2807 words)

	Chinese Immigration To Canada Resource and Information - Today CTHRB takes a look at "Chinese Immigration To Canada" ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Successful Canadian ImmigrationOne of the most disheartening things I hear about Canadian Immigration is the stories of families who return to their original country after...
		Chinese immigration into British Columbia began in the 1850s with the discovery of gold in the Fraser valley...
		It was the beginning of a difficult history for Chinese immigrants to Canada.
	www.cthrb.ca /Resource/chinese-immigration-to-canada.shtml (354 words)

	Amazon.com: Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco: Books: Judy Yung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Using oral history interviews, unpublished autobiographies, government census reports, and English- and Chinese-language newspapers, Yung illuminates the larger canvas of social change with the stories of specific women from the first and second generations and their quests to improve their lives.
		Through Unbound Feet, Judy Yung explores the history of Chinese American women in San Francisco from the turn of the century to the Second World War using the Chinese custom of footbinding and the gradual steps away from this tradition as an outline for her narrative.
		However, Chinese women were patriotic to their country, as Yung proves, and while they were assimilating many aspects of American culture, they also held onto much of the culture from their home country.
	www.amazon.com /Unbound-Feet-History-Chinese-Francisco/dp/0520088662 (2253 words)

	The Peopling of Canada (1891-1921): Settlement Era
		Between 1896 and 1905 Clifford Sifton, the new Minister of the Interior, assumed responsibility for immigration and settlement in Canada.
		Canadian immigration officials maintained that the Canadian climate was harsh, unforgiving, and potentially fatal to races accustomed to warmer surroundings.
		To keep these settlers out of Canada, the federal government increased their head tax on all Chinese immigrants from $50 in 1885 to $100 in 1900 and to $500 in 1903.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/canada1891/ch4.html (1103 words)

	Chinese - Canadian Genealogy Centre - Library and Archives Canada
		The first Chinese in Canada were artisans and traders who arrived in 1788 in the Nootka Sound area of British Columbia.
		The Chinese Immigration Act was repealed in 1947.
		The Port of New Westminster Register of Chinese Immigration (1887-1908) (RG 76 D2bi) contains names of Chinese immigrants who registered and paid the head tax at the port of New Westminster, British Columbia, in the years 1887 to1898, 1907 and 1908.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /genealogy/022-905.002-e.html (424 words)

	Displaced Persons' Immmigration to Canada
		Chinese as a mother tongue has been experiencing rapid growth since the 1980s due to increased immigration, particularly from Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China.
		Chinese mother tongue comprised 2.6% of the total population in 1996, followed by Italian, German and Spanish, in that order.
		After Chinese, Punjabi, Arabic and Tagalog were the three other non-official language groups which had the strongest growth between 1991 and 1996, reflecting the increase in immigrants from Asia and the Middle East.
	www.dpcamps.org /canada.html (2287 words)

	Chronology of Asian American History
		First group of 195 Chinese contract laborers land in Hawaii.
		Chinese in Hawaii establish a funeral society, their first community association in the islands.
		Canada curbs Asian Indian immigrants by denying entry to immigrants who haven't come by "continuous journey" from their homelands (there is no direct shipping between Indian and Canadian ports).
	web.mit.edu /21h.153j/www/chrono.html (2137 words)

	Canada First Immigration Reform Committee - Canadafirst.net
		Look through our extensive library of immigration related material and make up your own mind if immigration is the "saviour of Canada." Includes pictorial essays, stats, the myths of immigration, health factors of immigration, and much much more.
		The health effects of Canada's dilapidated immigration system are one of the scariest, most shocking, and disgusting parts of the immigration fiasco.
		Immigration is changing all portions of Canadian society, and thanks to Multiculturalism, what Canada once was is being perverted, changed and distorted.
	www.canadafirst.net (632 words)

	Immigration
		In the late 1800s, people in many parts of the world decided to leave their homes and immigrate to the U. Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity.
		This article summarizes immigration to America from Plymouth Rock in the seventeenth century to Ellis Island in the twentieth.
		Legal immigration has evolved today into a highly-regulated system that allows American families to sponsor close relatives and employers to hire immigrants with important skills, while permitting U.S. foreign policy to remain flexible in accepting refugees and those seeking asylum.
	www.42explore2.com /migration.htm (2463 words)

	slides.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Chinese Community in Canada: Past and Present is available on VHS in English, French, Italian, Cantonese and Mandarin for $30.00 (G.S.T. and shipping & handling included).
		In a Strange Land: A Pictorial Record of the Chinese in Canada, 1788-1923.
		From China to Canada: A History of the Chinese Communities in Canada.
	www.interlog.com /~fccs/slides.htm (228 words)

	Gu Xiong > May '00 > Exhibition Description
		The goal of the project is to present a cross cultural dialogue exploring ideas of individual and national identity, cultural stereotypes, private memories, official histories and the propaganda that typified China during the Cultural Revolution and Canada during the period of Canada's Centennial, Expo'67 and the Montreal Olympics.
		The third space of the exhibition will focus on Gu Xiong's individual and family struggle to form a "hybrid" identity since immigrating to Canada in 1989 and Hunter's reflections on the gaps in the Canadian history he was taught in school and through popular media.
		The River, with its use of nature as a metaphor for cultures and combination of imagery potent from both traditional Chinese and Canadian perspectives is a fitting completion to Ding Ho Group of Seven.
	www.dianefarrisgallery.com /artist/xiong/ex00 (1321 words)

	UBCWiki: Chinese Immigration to Canada
		However, in the case of Canada∞, there are few people who is originally from Canada.
		In Canada there are a lot of immigrants, especially in Vancouver, where immigrants occupy 45.9% of whole population.
		That is why many Chinese immigrants come to Canada at that time.Between 1881 and 1884, more than 15,000 Chinese came to Canada However, as soon as Pacific Pacific Railway was completed, the Canadian government moved to restrict the immigration of Chinese to Canada as Chinese labor was no longer needed.
	wiki.elearning.ubc.ca /China (497 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: US Immigration
		This is the full text of a sixteen-page pamphlet, "Chinatown Declared a Nuisance!"; distributed by the Workingmen's Committee of California, it called for the abatement of Chinatown as a health menace.
		Immigration and the South, The Atlantic Monthly, November1905 [At The Atlantic]
		Immigration and the Labor Supply, The Atlantic Monthly, November 1905 [At The Atlantic]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook28.html (637 words)

	Immigration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chinese immigration, living conditions, medical examinations, interrogation and more.
		History of Ellis Island is also given and links to other sites.
		Immigration In American Memory--Use the menu bar to the left to view each nationality.
	www.tms.riverview.wednet.edu /lrc/Immigration.htm (1429 words)

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