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Topic: History of Christmas Island

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Commonwealth of Australia

	History of Christmas Island
		The island was administered jointly by the British Phosphate Commissioners and District Officers from the U.K. Colonial Office through the Straits Colony, and later the Colony of Singapore.
		Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands together are called Australia's Indian Ocean Territories (IOTs) and since 1997 share a single Administrator resident on Christmas Island.
		Another boatload of asylum seekers was taken from Christmas Island to Papua New Guinea for processing, after it was claimed that many of the adult asylum seekers threw their children into the water, apparently in protest at being turned away.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/christmasisland.html (685 words)

	Christmas Island, Postal History
		Christmas Island is a dependency of Australia, in the Indian Ocean, south of the western tip of Java.
		The island was annexed by Britain in 1888 and was incorporated in the Straits Settlements colony the following year.
		Christmas Island (Australia) should not be mixed up with Christmas Island (Kiritimati), part of the republic of Kiribati, an atoll in the central Pacific Ocean.
	shoebox.heindorffhus.dk /frame-ChristmasIsland.htm (343 words)

	Kiritimati (Christmas Isl.)
		Christmas Island is the largest coral atoll in the world with an area of 248 square miles of which 125 square miles is land and the remainder lagoon.
		Christmas Island is world-class, miles of coral sand, iridescent lagoons and coconut palms – what seems like one of the smallest places on earth is actually a geographical giant, the planet's largest coral atoll.
		Christmas Island has been almost continuously occupied only since 1882, when the first attempt was made to plant coconuts for copra production commercially.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /kiribati/about_destin/kiritimati.html (3089 words)

	History of Christmas Island: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		No one knows when and by whom Christmas Island was discovered, but it is first noted on a map produced by Pieter Goos[?], published in 1666; on it the island is named Moni.
		The first attempt at exploring the island was in 1857 by the crew of the Amethyst.
		Among the rocks then obtained and submitted to Sir John Murray for examination were many of nearly pure phosphate of lime, a discovery which led to annexation of the island by the British Crown in June 1888.
	www.encyclopedian.com /hi/History-of-Christmas-Island.html (409 words)

	Christmas Island, Line Islands
		The island was examined for guano prior to 1857 by Captain John Stetson, of New Haven, Conn. It was taken possession of by Captain J.L. Pendleton of the ship John Marshall, on behalf of A.G. Benson and associates, under deed from Stetson dated May 11, 1857.
		First, she headed for the island of Niue, or Savage Island as it is sometime known, where Captain Robertson had arranged to pick up a crew of 25-30 trained natives to help with the loading and salvage work.
		Returning to Christmas Island, they found the seas had calmed down and they were able to get a boat onto the beach where the shipwrecked crew had landed and built their little houses.
	www.janeresture.com /kiribati_line/christmas_island.htm (4992 words)

	Christmas Island History
		In 1888 Christmas Island was declared part of the British Dominion as the result of pressure from two prospective entrepreneurs.
		The Japanese invaded in 1942 and the Island was occupied until 1945.
		The Union of Christmas Island Workers was formed in 1975 to improve workers conditions.
	www.ea.gov.au /parks/christmas/islehistory.html (531 words)

	THE HISTORY OF CHRISTMAS
		(Christmas trees were limited to the Strasbourg area of Germany prior to 1750, and only became popular throughout Germany in the 19th century.) In 1851 when some Pennsylvania Germans placed a Christmas tree outside their church, others in the community told the minister to remove the pagan symbol.
		Christmas became the holiday of carols in the 16th century, but condemnation of caroling by the Puritans in the 17th century dampened the tradition in England for over 160 years.
		Christmas dinner is a meatless meal eaten on January 6th (Christmas by the Julian calendar) following a period of fasting.
	www.benbest.com /history/xmas.html (14829 words)

	ipedia.com: Christmas Island Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Another boatload of illegal immigrants was taken from Christmas Island to Papua New Guinea for processing, after it was claimed that many of the adult refugees threw their children into the water, apparently in protest of being turned away.
		Christmas Island has the top-level Internet DNS domain ".cx", which is popular among Internet gambling sites and other operations because the operators won't disclose registrants' personal information.
		Christmas Island is of important scientific value as it appears to have been uninhabited until the late 19th century, so many unique fauna and flora exist which have developed independently from human interference.
	www.ipedia.com /christmas_island.html (796 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests (IM0110)
		The majority of Christmas Island’s forest is intact and protected in a national park that covers 63% of the island including almost all of the western half of the island with a smaller isolated section on the east coast (Du Puy 1993).
		Hicks, J.W. The breeding behaviour and migrations of the terrestrial crab Gecarcoidea natalis (Decapoda:Brachyura).
		Morgan, G.J. Decapod crustaceans of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0110_full.html (2053 words)

	A Puerto Rican Christmas
		The big Christmas celebrations are; December 24 - Nochebuena; December 25 - Navidad; December 31 - Despedida de Año; and the biggest and most important of all for the children, of course, el Día de Reyes on January 6th.
		The island is loosing many of their Puerto Rican traditions by trading them with American traditions that is natural and is happening all over the world.
		Christmas Day is for celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ the Son of God and we celebrate it the way "old" Puerto Rico celebrated.
	www.elboricua.com /pr_christmas.html (905 words)

	White Christmas
		Bing's single of "White Christmas" sold more than 30 million copies worldwide and was recognized as the best-selling single in any music category for more than 50 years until 1998 when Elton John's tribute to Princess Diana, "Candle in the Wind," overtook it in a matter of months.
		Because "White Christmas" may be the most popular American secular Christmas carol, rivaled only by "Jingle Bells," it could easily be presumed that it was treated as a star from the moment of its 1940 conception by the incomparable song writer Irving Berlin (1888-1989).
		Today, the song endures not just as an icon of the national Christmas celebration but as the artistic and commercial peak of the golden age of popular song, a symbol of the values and strivings of the World War II generation, and of the saga of Jewish-American assimilation.
	www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com /Hymns_and_Carols/white_christmas.htm (3269 words)

	[No title]
		Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean.
		Christmas Island has a myriad of diverse habitat and endless fl ats and is considered the top bonefish destinations in the world.
		Christmas Island has the rare mixture of fishing opportunities that caters to both the novice and expert bonefisher.
	www.lycos.com /info/christmas-island.html (485 words)

	The History of Christmas Lights: How Did the Tradition Begin?
		Originally, Christmas lights were used in Germany in the homes of only the very wealthy as long ago as the 17th century.
		Decorating a live Christmas tree outdoors became the attractive thing to do, and many people still do it today, some even going as far as to decorate it as well as they would their own indoor tree.
		It took many years for Christmas lights to become what they are today, and many ideas and inventions helped lead us to the brightly lit and decorated homes and yards we see every year.
	www.islandchristmasshop.com /artman/publish/article_17.shtml (401 words)

	Timeline of Roosevelt Island History
		In one of the island's singular acts of vandalism, the dome of the Octagon Tower is torched.
		Island merchants are pinched by expansion of product lines at Gristede's "megastore." RIOC retires Tramway tokens, saying it cannot account for all the tokens in circulation.
		Meanwhile, the Island's Catholic parish is reporting serious shortfalls in collection of funds due to a lack of growth the Island's lack of a stable family-oriented population.
	www.nyc10044.com /timeln/timeline.html (5137 words)

	Christmas Island
		In 1990, the 375th anniversary of the first sighting of the Christmas Island was celebrated by releasing two commemorative stamps.
		He named it "Christmas Island" as the day of this second sighting fell on December 25, 1643.
		Christmas Island is situated in the Indian Ocean.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/stamp/country/chrisland.html (220 words)

	Christmas Island National Park
		Christmas Island supports a wide range of unique and unusual species and habitats, and although it has been mined for phosphates for much of the past century, most of the natural ecosystem remains intact.
		Christmas Island is one of the world's truly spectacular tropical seabird breeding stations.
		Christmas Island is home to millions Red Crabs, which migrate in a spectacular sea of red from the forest to the coast each year for the breeding season.
	www.environment.gov.au /parks/christmas (367 words)

	History of Christmas Island - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		No one knows when and by whom Christmas Island was discovered, but it is first noted on a map produced by Pieter Goos, published in 1666; on it the island is named Moni.
		The first attempt at exploring the island was in 1857 by the crew of the Amethyst.
		Among the rocks then obtained and submitted to Sir John Murray for examination were many of nearly pure phosphate of lime, a discovery which led to annexation of the island by the British Crown in June 1888.
	www.music.us /education/H/History-of-Christmas-Island.htm (610 words)

	Ausflag - Christmas Island (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Christmas Island is an external Australian Territory in the Indian Ocean, 1700 km northwest of Western Australia.
		The winning flag was designed by Tony Couch of Sydney, who worked on Christmas Island for four years as a phosphate mining rigging supervisor, and the design was announced by the Assembly on 14 April 1986.
		In the centre of the flag is a gold disc, which has come to represent the island's phosphate mining history although it was originally included only for aesthetic reasons to provide a background for the green map of Christmas Island.
	www.ausflag.com.au /flags/ci.html (359 words)

	Christmas Island History
		Kiritimati, as Christmas Island is spelled by the locals ("ti" is pronounced "s" in Kiribati), is the largest Atoll in the Pacific at 222 square miles.
		The island is part of the Republic of Kiribati (kir-i-bas) which consists of 33 islands scattered across 2,400 miles of the Pacific Ocean near the equator.
		Over the years since it's discovery in 1777, Christmas Island has also claimed numerous ships including this Korean ship (pictured to the left) which is still visible today on the flats at the southeast end of the atoll.
	www.fishdive.com /christmas/xmashistory.htm (419 words)

	Territories of Australia
		The Federal Government, through the Department of Transport and Regional Services administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island, Jervis Bay, the McDonald Islands, and Norfolk Island as Territories, and has treaty responsibility for part of Antarctica.
		Christmas Island is located approx 1,565 km from the Northwest Cape of Australia.Â Go to this section to find out more about the island, its history and how to get there.
		The Coral Sea Islands became a territory in 1969.Â They are largely uninhabited as there is no fresh water.Â The Bureau of Meteorology has several weather stations and lighthouses on these islands and reefs.
	www.dotars.gov.au /territories (313 words)

	Kiribati - The King of Christmas (Kiritimati) Island
		It is the tale of Emmanuel Rougier who was once the King of Christmas Island, with the island and its coconut groves remaining to prove a part of it.
		Though it is unlikely that the income from Christmas Island ever reached the million dollar estimate envisaged by Rougier, it certainly did yield a very tidy sum when copra was in demand.
		Although the island was technically under the jurisdiction of the British Gilbert and Ellice Islands administration, Father Rougier was virtually, if not nominally, independent, and ruled his domain without much interference from the outside world until he passed away.
	www.janesoceania.com /kiribati_xmas_king/index.htm (616 words)

	Christmas Island, Kiribati Cruise Port Information
		Christmas Island is truly one of the world's last undiscovered pleasures.
		He arrived at the island on Christmas Day, 1643, but was unable to land.
		The island was annexed by the British in the late 19th Century, and was used as a phosphate mine.
	www.cruisecheap.com /cruise_ports_of_call_alphabetical.asp?port=CXI (367 words)

	Observation Island
		Observation Island departed her homeport of Norfolk 3 January 1959, underwent shakedown at Guantanamo Bay, and then operated on the Atlantic Missile Range off Cape Kennedy, conducting dummy missile launches and communications tests.
		In late 1961 Obervation Island served as a survey ship on the Atlantic Missile Range, and in January 1962 she again put in at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, this time for modifications preparatory to launching the new A 3 Polaris.
		Observation Island was back at Port Canaveral by Christmas, and until June 1963 she expanded her role of oceanographic survey in the Atlantic Range.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/o1/observation_island.htm (787 words)

	Pohnpei-Between Time & Tide . Kehpara (Black Coral Island)
		ehpara is the southern-most islet in a chain of three barrier reef islands.
		Unlike most of the lagoon islands located inside the barrier reef, Kehpara has the advantage of being perched right between the lagoon and the open ocean.
		The island is covered throughout by large, shady trees which keep the heat down and provide nice supports for hammocks.
	www.pohnpeiheaven.com /kehpara.htm (606 words)

	Ten Pound Island Lighthouse History
		In 1956, Ten Pound Island Light was decommissioned and the fifth-order Fresnel lens was removed, replaced by a modern optic put on the old bell tower, later moved to a skeleton tower.
		It [Ten Pound Island Light] has seen the stately schooners and the historic vessels that make their way to sea every day for over a century and watched over the Gloucester fishermen who braved the wind and waves to make their living.
		Ten Pound Island Light was relighted as an active aid to navigation on August 7, 1989, Lighthouse Bicentennial Day, in a ceremony complete with fireworks.
	www.lighthouse.cc /tenpoundisland/history.html (975 words)

	Exercises in Oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean situated 360 km south of Java and 1,400 km northwest of Australia, is the summit of an oceanic mountain rising from oceanic depth to 361 m above sea level.
		Because of its difficult coastline the island was not inhabited until 1888, when George Clunies-Ross established a settlement and brought Malay labourers to begin phosphate mining.
		Having been formed through the rise of an oceanic mountain in isolation from any other land, Christmas Island is covered by tropical rainforest of plants which were all derived from seeds blown by the winds or drifting in with the currents.
	www.es.flinders.edu.au /~mattom/IntExerc/advanced1/quest01.html (294 words)

	History @ Suite101: Aboriginal history to military battles, anthropology to genealogy, medieval heroes to museum ...
		In 1603, a Frenchman by the name of Pierre Dugua de Mons was granted a charter for thousands of square kilometres of land in present-day Canada and the north-east US, where he was to develop the fur trade with the natives and establish a colony.
		The Habitation at Port-Royal may likely have disappeared into history, if not for a woman named Harriet Taber Richardson, a native of Massachusetts, who, in the 1930s, spent her summers in the Port-Royal area.
		Upon learning the history of Port-Royal, the story goes, Taber Richardson was so appalled by what her ancestral countrymen had done, she started a movement to have Port-Royal restored, kicking in thousands of dollars of her own money to get the ball rolling.
	www.suite101.com /history (803 words)

	Christmas Island: history (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The island, formerly a dependency of the British colony of Singapore, was transferred to Australia on October 1 1958.
		2 As of 1981, the residents of the island were granted the right to become Australian citizens.
		There has been an income tax since 1985.3 In 1987, the authorities closed the mine, which was reopened in 1990 by private investors but under strict guidelines for the preservation of the environment.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=236 (207 words)

	Christmas Island Flag
		The flag of the Territory of Christmas Island was first designed in 1986.
		Pursuant to the Christmas Island Act 1958, the Minister for Territories decided that the flag would be proclaimed as the Territory's Flag by formal announcement by the Administrator.
		In the centre of the flag is a gold disc, which has come to represent the island's phosphate mining history although it was originally included only to provide a background for the green map of Christmas Island.
	www.christmas.shire.gov.cx /ciflag.html (245 words)

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