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Topic: History of Early Christianity and Homosexuality

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	Christianity - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God and the awaited Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament, therefore they call him the Christ.
		Christians believe that as Messiah Jesus was anointed as ruler and savior of both the Jewish people specifically and of humanity in general, and hold that Jesus' coming was the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy and the inauguration of the Kingdom of Heaven.
		Western Christianity in the Middle Ages was characterized by cooperation and conflict between the secular rulers and the Church under the Pope, and by the development of scholastic theology and philosophy.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Christianity (6680 words)

	Christianity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early in the 4th century, the Emperor Constantine the Great legalized Christianity, giving the church a privileged place in society, and in 391 Theodosius I established Nicene Christianity as the official and, except for Judaism, only legal religion of the Roman Empire.
		Western Christianity in the Middle Ages was characterized by cooperation and conflict between the secular rulers and the Church under the Pope, and by the development of scholastic theology and philosophy.
		Christian mobs, sometimes with government support, have destroyed pagan temples and oppressed adherents of paganism (such as the philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria, who was murdered by a Christian mob).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christianity (5663 words)

	Christianity - Christianity Knowledge Base - a Wikia wiki
		Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life, teachings, and actions of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as Jesus Christ, as recounted in the New Testament.
		Early in the 4th century, the Emperor Constantine the Great legalized Christianity, giving the church a privileged place in society, and in 391 Theodosius I established orthodox Christianity as the official and, except for Judaism, the only legal religion of the Roman Empire.
		Christian mobs, sometimes with the government support, have destroyed pagan temples and oppressed adherents of paganism (such as the philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria, who was murdered by a Christian mob).
	christianity.wikia.com /wiki/Christianity (4397 words)

	Why do Christians Believe This?
		Christianity is to a large extent extent dependent upon historical events: Its idea of God is based on how God dealt with ancient Israel, on Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, and to some extent on later happenings among Jesus' followers.
		Christians showed that they loved and cared for each other and those around them in a way that was apparently unusual for the time.
		Christian homosexuals will try to argue that the relationships they intend are not what Paul was judging.
	geneva.rutgers.edu /src/christianity/why.html (4861 words)

	Saint Aelred the Queer: The Surprising History of Homosexuality and Homophobia
		Saint Aelred the Queer: The Surprising History of Homosexuality and Homophobia
		Homosexuality among the Greeks has been the subject of a great deal of scholarly study over the years, with the result that it is widely accepted among the American public that it was common.
		Because homosexuality became associated with hyenas, an animal believed to rob graves and eat the corpses, it's not surprising that early church fathers and monastics held homosexuality itself to be repugnant since it was associated with such repugnant animals.
	www.bidstrup.com /phobiahistory.htm (5915 words)

	Christianity - Largest Religion in the World
		Christianity is the largest religion in the world in terms of number of followers.
		The early Christian Church was a chaos of contending beliefs.
		Pakistani Christians were absorbing the news yesterday of the second attack on their institutions this week, as recognition sank in that they had become a new target in a wave of retaliatory militant attacks triggered by the American military campaign in Afghanistan.
	www.buzzle.com /christianity (664 words)

	Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The tenets and history of Judaism constitute the historical foundation of many other religions, including Christianity and Islam; sometimes known as the Abrahamic religions, these three have been major shaping forces in the Western world.
		Early Jewish philosophy was influenced by the philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic philosophy.
		Christianity survived, but by breaking with Judaism and becoming a separate religion; the Pharisees survived but in the form of Rabbinic Judaism (today, known simply as "Judaism").
	judaism.iqnaut.net (7047 words)

	Christianity FAQs
		Perhaps the best way for Christians to respond to the historical transgressions of institutional Christendom is to acknowledge, renounce, and condemn all the crimes and indiscretions committed falsely in the name of Christ since the fusion of church and state in the 4th century.
		Liberal Christians are not guilty by association with the oppressors of the past or the intolerant of the present time, but can and should identify in their faith with the many Christians and other people of faith throughout history who were victims and who suffered for their beliefs.
		Some liberal Christians consider original sin to be symbolic of human beings’ capacity to do evil to one another or representative of our undeniable imperfection or indicating our evolutionary tendencies toward aggression, but do not understand it to mean literally that we have inherited a defective nature simply through our having been born human.
	www.liveoakuu.org /christianityFAQ.htm (2495 words)

	Roman Catholic Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		To explain this tradition, one theoryhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cclergy/documents/rc_con_cclergy_doc_01011993_chisto_en.html holds that, in early practice, married men who became priests &8211; they were often older men, "elders" &8211; were expected to refrain permanently from sexual relations with their wives, perhaps because they, as priests representing Christ, were treated as the Church's spouse.
		The Roman Catholic Church and the other ancient Christian Churches see priestly ordination as a sacrament effecting an ontological change, not as the deputizing of someone to perform a function or as the admission of someone to a profession such as that of medicine or law.
		Contemporary criticism concerns the Church's stance on issues such as artificial birth control, homosexuality, abortion and embryonic stem cell research, and in particular the Church's resulting opposition to the use of condoms to prevent the spread of AIDS.
	roman-catholic-church.iqnaut.net (4889 words)

	Homosexuality in History
		The Greek military attitude toward homosexuality was that it brought a sense of comradeship.
		Homosexual history is one of abuse, prejudice, pain, and death.
		The belief that homosexuality is sin appears to dominate the church community.
	hometown.aol.com /GraceEACA/chapter2.html (3129 words)

	BACKWARD SPIRAL: HOMOSEXUALITY AND THE EARLY CHRISTIANS
		The early Christians were not to bind themselves to the strictures of the old law.
		Early Christians were hostile toward any form of sexuality which was not potentially procreative.
		The theologians of the early church were attempting to impress on all Christians that they had to see every act of heterosexual intercourse as the potential creation of a child.
	slimdave420.blogspot.com /2007/02/homosexuality-and-early-christians.html (2811 words)

	[No title]
		Whether or not the intent of the men of Sodom was sexual, the inhospitality and injustice coming from the mob, and that generally characterized the community, were “the sin of Sodom.” (Ezekial 16:49-50, Isaiah 13:19, Jeremiah 49:18; 50:40) Jesus himself refers to the inhospitality of Sodom.
		For the Christian, sin must be understood as a disease that results FROM a broken relationship with God and that results IN a broken relationship with one another and with ourselves.
		Christianity is not a religion with new rules and laws but rather is a new relationship with God.
	www.cathedralofhope.com /homosexuality/index.php (2309 words)

	Patristics/Early Church History \| Resource Guides \| Pius XII Memorial Library \| Saint Louis University
		Collection of fifty topical essays whose focus is to provide a "map of the rich phenomenon of early Christianity understood in the closest connection with the social context in which it was born and grew to maturity" (preface, p.
		Areas covered include the social, political, and intellectual context of the Mediterranean world in which Christianity was born and developed, the development of Christian communities, everyday Christian life, external (intellectual opposition, persecution) and internal (Christian dissent, heresy).
		The Early Church On-Line Encyclopedia (ECOLE) initiative is a cooperative effort on the part of scholars across the Internet to establish a hypertext encyclopedia of early Church history (to the Reformation) on the World Wide Web.
	www.slu.edu /libraries/pius/resguides/earchurc.html (5356 words)

	Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Israel is the birthplace of Judaism in the 17th century BCE and Christianity at the beginning of the first century CE.
		The Israeli population is predominantly Jewish with a large non-Jewish minority, mostly comprising Muslim, Christian, and Druze Arabs.
		The influx of Jewish immigrants from the former USSR topped 750,000 during the period 1989-1999, bringing the population of Israel from the former Soviet Union to 1 million, one-sixth of the total population, and adding scientific and professional expertise of substantial value for the economy's future.
	israel.iqnaut.net (5016 words)

	THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are probably thousands of different definitions of the word "Christian." We have chosen the same inclusive definition as is used by public opinion pollsters and government census offices: A "Christian" includes any group or individual who seriously, devoutly, prayerfully describes themselves as Christian.
		Many Christians are aware of their own denomination's current beliefs, but are unfamiliar with the history of those beliefs, or of the teachings of other denominations.
		Christians will become a minority in in Canada about 2023 and in the U.S. about the year 2042.
	www.religioustolerance.org /christ.htm (1244 words)

	Stonewall 25: Case 5, History of Homosexuality
		This case represents some highlights of post-Stonewall American scholarship devoted to "reclaiming the gay and lesbian past." All of the books featured here are valuable not only for their contributions to our knowledge about the history of homosexuality, but for a characteristically post-Stonewall open commitment and dedication to lesbian and gay lives, cultures, and politics.
		Sedgwick's Epistemology of the Closet examines the multiple effects of the modern invention of the conceptual binary "homosexual/ heterosexual." Her challenging interpretation of nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature reveals a continuing tension in the modern West between two contradictory understandings of homosexuality: as a universal potential in all people, or as a minority orientation.
		He carefully distinguishes early modern ideas about sodomy and male homoeroticism from the modern idea "homosexuality," and reminds us that "sodomy" continues to exert a damaging political and legal force in our own society.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/case5.html (1050 words)

	PEOPLE WITH A HISTORY: John Boswell Page
		Dinshaw made clear here her discomfort with this approach: she argued that she was committed to a "constructionist view of history"; that Boswell's gay essence looked very like the "gay identity" of the post Stonewall period; and that Boswell overlooked difference between that identity and, for instance institutionalized pederasty.
		However, this investigation of Boswell's sources for his presentation of iews on homosexuality in ancient Greece shows that he treats his sources in a most arbitrary manner and should not be received as a reliable guide to their meaning.
		Evidence is adduced from the early NT versions, occurrences in early Christian literature, where it often parallels paidophthoria, and the linguistic structure of this and similar compounds.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/pwh/index-bos.html (7776 words)

	Links to Other Sites for Chinese Studies
		History House: Stories: Christ's Brother Goes to China
		Homosexuality: How the economics and politics of Singapore have shaped the Anglican Diocese and its role in the Province of South East Asia
		Early Christian Timeline to 199 A.D. Early Christian Timeline, 200-640 A.D. Islamic History
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/other.html (328 words)

	Christian History - The Da Vinci Code Special Section
		Christian History and Biography and its sister publications have covered the subject widely.
		In his bestselling work of fiction, The Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown blurs the lines between history and fiction, giving the impression they are one and the same and that Christianity is based on a lie.
		He takes us back to the early centuries after Jesus' death and tells us what we can really know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, the canonical Gospels and their Gnostic rivals.
	www.christianitytoday.com /history/special/davincicode.html (1538 words)

	TrueU.org : Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Arm yourself with irrefutable truths to share with those who think Christianity is only one of many paths to God.
		Homosexuality is a topic skewed by lies and twists of the truth.
		Former homosexual, Joe Dallas debunks liberal gay theology through solid scriptural research and offers clear advice to Christians on how to debate this issue.
	www.trueu.org /union/bookstore/Resources (1350 words)

	Catholicism and Homosexuality Bibliography: Religious History
		Although Ranke-Heinemann is somewaht selective in her views, she marshals much evidence about the history of Roman Catholic attitudes towards sex, boty those that have changed and those that have not.
		in Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality, John Boswell says bluntly that "there can be little question that Aelred was gay and that his erotic attraction to men was a dominant force in his life".
		Trevisan, who is a pioneer in the rich field of Brazilian gay history, recounts the activities of the Inquisition on Brazil against "sodmites".
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/pwh/lgbcathbib3.html (4945 words)

	History 492: Gender and Religion: The Case of Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		History 492: Gender and Religion: The Case of Christianity
		Mark S. Smith, The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel (San Francisco, 1990), pp.
		Karen Jo Torjesen, When Women Were Priests: Women’s Leadership in the Early Church and the Scandal of Their Subordination in the Rise of Christianity (San Francisco, 1993), pp.
	www.history.uiuc.edu /areas/women/history_492.htm (2233 words)

	Giovanni Rims
		The remedy they promoted was to purify the city of evil by means of fire, leading to burnings at the stake and other punishments such as that suffered by Giovanni di Giovanni.
		Violence against gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and the transgendered category:Renaissance category:Florence category:LGBT history category:LGBT civil rights
		The rim of a coin is the sharp circular (or other shaped) edge which surrounds the coin design.
	www.breadlike.com /pages7/36/giovanni-rims.html (889 words)

	Richard Hays: Recovering the Bible for the church. - Christianity Today magazine - ChristianityTodayLibrary.com
		Hays pulls no punches, applying the New Testament texts as morally authoritative on such contentious concerns as homosexuality and divorce.
		As such, he is bound to please conservatives.
		Subscribe now and receive a one-year Christianity Today print magazine subscription and one-year access to all Christianity Today archives for just $39.95!
	www.ctlibrary.com /2112 (340 words)

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