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	Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Esperanto is part of the state educational curriculum of several countries, but is not an official language of any.
		Esperanto is particularly prevalent in the northern and eastern countries of Europe; in China, Korea, Japan, and Iran within Asia; in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico in the Americas; and in Togo and Madagascar in Africa.
		Esperanto is often used to access an international culture, including a large corpus of original as well as translated literature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto (3338 words)

	Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Esperanto is written with a modified version of the Latin alphabet, including six letters with diacritics: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ and ŭ (that is, c, g, h, j, s circumflex, and u breve).
		Esperanto speakers are more numerous in Europe and East Asia than in the Americas, Africa and Oceania, and more numerous in urban than in rural areas (Sikosek 2003).
		An estimate of the number of Esperanto speakers was made by Sidney S. Culbert, a retired psychology professor of the University of Washington and a longtime Esperantist, who tracked down and tested all Esperanto speakers in sample areas of dozens of countries over a period of twenty years.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Esperanto (2972 words)

	1.1 Short history of Esperanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Esperanto is the most commonly used artificial language.
		Esperanto can be learned considerably quicker than a typical natural language.
		There is a third group of Esperanto users – AIL, group of scientists that uses the language for pragmatic reasons and wants to distinguish itself from the first two groups.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~hana/esr/grammar/EsrGrammar-1_1.html (346 words)

	Esperanto language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Esperanto was developed out of many projects and finally applied in practice in 1887, when Dr. L.
		Lithuanian Esperanto Organization has lots of activities in respect of the popularization of the language, great number of clubs unites Lithuanian Esperantists, a lot of manuals, books, periodical issues are published.
		Esperanto popularity spreads in Lithuania and around the world and that seems to be an interesting time verified linguistic experiment.
	siauliai.mok.lt /esperanto/apieespen.htm (437 words)

	Sennaciismo, kosmopolitismo, kontraŭnaciismo
		The present more balanced approach to Esperanto history is commendable as far as it goes, but it still tends to overlook unpleasant features of the Esperanto movement in the recent past and in the present.
		The implication of much writing on Esperanto history is that although the traditional "neutral" movement did fall from grace during World War I and at the advent of authoritarian and fascist systems in the 30's, it later returned to the progressive outlook that is construed to be its fundamental nature.
		Although these Esperantists associate Esperanto in various ways with the preservation of threatened languages and ethnic cultures, their explanations of the exact correlation between the two matters - the introduction of Esperanto and the maintenance of ethnic cultures and languages - are usually either vague or implausible.
	home.arcor.de /gmickle/skk/92flirto_en.html (1129 words)

	The Esperanto Society of the Carolinas and Virginia
		Esperanto is a language noted for being uniquely easy to learn, expressive, pleasant-sounding, and useful in travel, international contacts, and broadening the mind.
		Esperanto is one of the languages used by the Pope in his Christmas and Easter messages, for example, but it's also easy to find Esperanto-speaking Protestants, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims, Bahais, and people without any religious belief.
		Anyone who thinks Esperanto is "unnatural" or doubts its expressive power has simply never read its poetry or heard people chat, argue, or speak words of love in it.
	www.esperanto-nc.org /en/esperanto.shtml (628 words)

	[No title]
		Esperanto belongs to the Esperantists: Developers of constructed languages are usually extremely possessive of their brain-children and reject any attempt by others to contribute or have a significant role in the development of the language.
		Esperanto is not an official language of any country, although there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state, and the shortlived artificial island
		Esperanto is written using a modified version of the Latin alphabet, with six accented letters: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ (c, g, h, j, and s with circumflex), and ŭ (u with breve).
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Esperanto (2204 words)

	The Esperanto Book: 7
		Esperanto was invented to satisfy what its author saw as a specific and universal need -- the need for people of different ethnic backgrounds to be able to communicate, person to person, on an equal basis, to be able to talk out their differences and resolve their mutual problems.
		Esperanto's experience at the League of Nations, which her apologists refer to as a "success" and her opponents call a "failure," is an example of a near, or partial, success.
		Study of Esperanto by individuals for their own purposes was not tolerated, and could be punishable by prison; it is not clear whether the case of the young Chinese Esperantist poet Armand Su, who was condemned to a twenty-year imprisonment for his Esperanto activities, was or was not unique.
	donh.best.vwh.net /Esperanto/EBook/chap07.html (10194 words)

	Insight on the News: Advocates of Esperanto continue to lobby for their lingua franca - includes related article on the ...
		Because Esperanto (which means "a person who is hoping") is free of the cultural baggage of any particular nation, ideology or ethnic group, it is considered a politically neutral tongue (see sidebar).
		Esperanto speakers fared little better in China during the Cultural Revolution, when they often were thrown in prison or worse.
		The FBI investigated the American Esperanto Association in the early fifties, suspecting it was riddled with Communists.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n36_v13/ai_19801570 (1405 words)

	What if more widespread use of Esperanto - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		Esperanto was effectively banned in the Soviet Union until 1956, discouraged until 1979, and kept under strict governmental control until the late 1980s.
		Esperanto organizations were banned in Germany in the mid-1930s, and Esperanto speakers in the territories occupied during World War II were either discouraged (generally in the occupied West) or exterminated (more common in the occupied East).
		Esperanto was barely tolerated in Romania under the Ceaucescu regime, and most Esperanto books and magazines were excluded from the country (they were nonetheless smuggled in on a regular basis by Bulgarian, Hungarian and Jugoslavian Esperanto speakers).
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=980 (3822 words)

	Esperanto history
		Esperanto is a planned language which has a simple, straightforward structure and essentially no irregularities.
		By 1904 it was obvious to any honest person who bothered to investigate the matter that Esperanto was satisfactory for correspondence, translation, and many forms of literary work, but the language had not been extensively tested in oral use between persons of different nationalities.
		The crisis may have been beneficial to the stability of Esperanto in the sense that those who were convinced that "they could do better" separated themselves from the movement and were no longer around to cause trouble.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~wies301/Esperanto_history.html (3622 words)

	H2G2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		If Esperanto ever comes into widespread use, it will be the only language spoken.
		Esperanto was intended to be learned as a second language, not a language to replace everybody's mother tongue [In many parts of the world, concern that English is threatening to overwhelm native culture has inspired legislation intended to protect the native language.
		Although the number of Esperanto speakers in the world is not known, it has been estimated that it's somewhere between 1 million and 5 million.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/pda/A264872?s_id=3 (174 words)

	Esperanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		An estimate of the number of Esperanto speakers was made by Sidney S. Culbert, a retired psychology professor of the University of Washington (himself a longtime Esperantist who commented regarding the logical structure of Esperanto: "If the world could be structured that efficiently").
		Esperanto is not an official language of any country, although there were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet as the world's first Esperanto state, and the shortlived artificial island micronation of Rose Island used Esperanto as its official language in 1968.
		There is also some evidence that suggests studying Esperanto before studying any other second language (especially an Indo-European language) may speed and improve learning, because learning subsequent foreign languages is easier than learning one's first, while the use of a grammatically simple auxiliary language lessens the "first foreign language" learning hurdle.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/es/Esperanto.htm (2351 words)

	H2G2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It can be argued that there are many psychological reasons explaining the general dismissal of Esperanto, but there are several historical reasons for this as well.
		However, a vote was held by the Esperanto Congress and their proposal was rejected.
		The Idists faced a problem, however: they kept changing the language so much that, after a time, they realized they could never master the language because it never stopped changing [In fact, all languages are in a constant state of change, but at a pace that only becomes problematic across the generation gap.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/pda/A264872?s_id=2 (185 words)

	Esperanto -- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
		Esperanto is a language designed to facilitate communication among people of different lands and cultures.
		Esperanto is also considerably easier to learn than national languages, since its design is far simpler and more regular than such languages.
		Of course, unlike these other languages, Esperanto is not the primary language for its speakers, although there are native speakers ("denaskaj parolantoj") of Esperanto who learned to speak it (along with the local language) from their parents.
	www.multiline.com.au /~johnm/esperfaq.htm (1004 words)

	Esperanto on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Esperanto aiming to find more speakers in 21st century
		Advocates of Esperanto continue to lobby for their lingua franca.(includes related article on the history of Esperanto)
		The hope of Esperanto; a made-up tongue celebrates its centenary.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/e/esperant.asp (380 words)

	ESH HISTORIO
		Bill Lockhart and Charles Sanders, who had learned Esperanto at Sam Houston High School in 1930 and 1931, enrolled at Rice in 1932 and were further encouraged to pursue Esperanto by Dr. Freund.
		They called themselves the "tri samideanoj," and their friendship and interest in Esperanto lasted more than seventy years, until the deaths in recent years of Bill and Charles.
		Enthusiastic exponents of Esperanto, they were always ready to provide elaborate exhibits at such meetings.
	esperantohouston.org /history.html (917 words)

	NASK
		Training in standard spoken and written Esperanto for students new to the language, along with an introduction to the history of the language, its present scope and associated ideals.
		Some discussion of the use of Esperanto for international and intercultural communication, particularly in travel, education and literature.
		The emphasis is on conversational ability, increasing knowledge of structure and vocabulary, and familiarity with background knowledge and situations typical of intercultural encounters in Esperanto.
	www.esperanto.org /sfsu/pasintaj/2002/classes.php (372 words)

	Course Syllabus - Next Steps in Esperanto - SIT Center for Intercultural Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This course is designed for students who have already started the study of Esperanto and are at the "high beginner" level.
		The course is typically conducted in Esperanto, with the use of explanations in other languages if needed.
		Students are advised to visit www.lernu.net and complete the courses Ana Pana, Ana Renkontas, and Jen Nia IJK to assure that they have at least this level of competence in Esperanto.
	www.sit.edu /esperanto/syllabus_1500.html (459 words)

	The International Language: Esperanto
		Considering himself only the "originator" (inicianto) of the language, he thereafter chose only to offer opinion and give advice and therefore shared the esteem of expertise with the growing number of talented lexicographers, grammarians and writers who were professionally interested in the language.
		As someone with high ideals, it was his sincere hope that his language would come to serve mankind as a "bridge language" to enable inter-communication between the numerous peoples of this planet who spoke dissimilar languages.
		The Universal Esperanto Association, whose office is in the Netherlands, maintains a volunteer network of Delegates in over 70 countries with specialties in tourism, computers, jurisprudence, educational instruction, among many others, in order to promote contact among Esperantists with special interests.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/9061/eo2.html (385 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Languages: Constructed: International Auxiliary: Esperanto: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Esperanto Association of Britain - Includes links to local groups in the UK and Ireland.
		Esperanto in the UK - Informative site and resource guide to Esperantist organizations, activities, learning aids in Britain.
		Esperanto League of North America - Despite the name, this is the national organization for the U.S.A. Site includes information about the language, the organization, local clubs, teachers and learning resources, and other topics.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Constructed/International_Auxiliary/Esperanto/Organizations (473 words)

	[AN] History of Esperanto (Quebec Esperanto Society) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		From this standpoint I soon noticed that the existing languages possess an immense storehouse of ready words, already international, which are known to all peoples and form a treasure for the future international language and I, of course, utilized this treasure.
		In the year 1878 the language was already more or less ready, although between the then "Lingwe uniwersala" and the present Esperanto there was still a great difference.
		(Ignorance of the spirit of the language is the reason why some Esperantists, having read very little in Esperanto write without error but in a clumsy, ungraceful style, -while more experienced Esperantists write in good style, exactly the same, whatever the nation to which they belong.
	www3.sympatico.ca /esperanto/histoire-esperanto-an.htm (2104 words)

	Esperanto Access -- Miscellaneous Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		An introduction to the Afrikaans language, in Esperanto (Leon H. Ainu...
		A chronological sketch of the history of the Esperanto movement in Lodz, Poland ()
		History of the Esperanto movement in Colombia ()
	www.webcom.com /~donh/eaccess/eaccess.various.html (1201 words)

	Course Syllabus - Gaining Confidence in Esperanto - SIT Center for Intercultural Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This course, designed for students who have made an initial study of Esperanto, emphasizes conversational ability, knowledge of sentence structure and vocabulary, and the usage of Esperanto in typical intercultural encounters in Esperanto.
		The course will typically be conducted in Esperanto, with the use of explanations in other languages if needed.
		Please note this course is not an introduction to Esperanto.
	www.sit.edu /esperanto/syllabus_2000.html (515 words)

	Insight on the News: Advocates of Esperanto continue to lobby for their lingua franca.(includes related article on the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Insight on the News: Advocates of Esperanto continue to lobby for their lingua franca.(includes related article on the history of Esperanto)@ HighBeam Research
		Supporters of Esperanto are continuing to push for broader acceptance of the international language by the United Nations and the European Union.
		Even in the face of daunting odds, supporters of Esperanto, the century-old international language, are pushing for broader acceptance, concentrating their...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19801570&refid=holomed_1 (212 words)

	My Esperanto History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Last January (2001), I heard about Esperanto when I was writing a paper for a class called Models of Minds.
		I wrote a sentence about it and later when I was eating lunch with my professor, he saw my notes about my speech and said, "Why didn't you speak more about Esperanto?" So, I thought more about it and started studying Esperanto through the Free Esperanto Course online in February 2001.
		I just finished organizing a youth Esperanto convention in Philadelphia and had a good time with 10 other Esperanto speakers from the northeast United States.
	www.amuzulo.net /history.html (342 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		As our subject is the history of Esperanto, and not a biography of Dr Zamenhof, I will omit most of the painful details here and concentrate instead on matters which have a direct bearing on the language.
		Very soon, he began to receive correspondence and even visits from people who had learned his language and, from the beginning, the history of Esperanto was enlivened with many interesting and gifted individuals.
		One of the most famous of the early supporters of Esperanto was the great Russian novelist and idealist, Tolstoy who claimed, rather improbably, to have "learned" Esperanto in only two hours.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/1146/9678 (649 words)

	Esperanto - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Ziko Marcus Sikosek has challenged this figure of 1.6 million as exaggerated.
		Esperanto: A Language for the Global Village (http://members.aol.com/sylvanz/gvcont.htm) by Sylvan Zaft
		The Esperanto Movement (Contributions to the Sociology of Language)
	www.unipedia.info /Esperanto.html (3067 words)

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