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Topic: History of Gibraltar

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Gibraltar controversy

Gibraltar

Geography of Gibraltar

Politics of Gibraltar

Culture of Gibraltar

Communications in Gibraltar

Strait of Gibraltar

Transportation in Gibraltar

Siege of Gibraltar

Peter Caruana

Rock of Gibraltar

Llanito

War of the Spanish Succession

Economy of Gibraltar

George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield of Gibraltar

	Gibraltar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gibraltar was named at that time as one of the Pillars of Hercules, after the legend of the creation of the Straits of Gibraltar.
		Gibraltar is a part of the European Union, having joined under the British Treaty of Accession, with exemption from some areas such as the Customs Union and Common Agricultural Policy.
		The Rock of Gibraltar is a popular tourist attraction, particularly among British tourists and residents in the southern coast of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gibraltar (2401 words)

	History of Gibraltar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gibraltar area and the rest of the South Iberian Peninsula was part of the Byzantine Empire during the second part of the 6th century, later reverting to the Visigoth Kingdom.
		Henry IV restored the charter granted to Gibraltar in 1310 and took two additional measures: the lands previously belonging to Algeciras (destroyed in 1369) were granted to Gibraltar; and the status of collegiate church was solicited from the pope Pius II and granted to the Santa María Church (the old Moorish Mosque).
		The history of Gibraltar from the Second World War is characterized by two main elements: the increasing autonomy and self-governing achieved by Gibraltarians and the re-emergence of the Spanish claim, especially during the years of the Francoist dictatorship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Gibraltar (6720 words)

	History of Gibraltar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Gibraltar is a rugged promontory in the province of Andalusia, Spain, about 6 miles in circumference.
		Gibraltar was besieged, in 1309, and retaken from the Moors by Alonzo de Guzman.
		Since Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum in 2003 against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement, talks between the UK and Spain over the fate of the 300-year-old UK colony have stalled.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/gibraltar.html (758 words)

	Brief history of Gibraltar
		It was during the capture of Gibraltar by the Castillians (1309-1333) that the streets of the lower town were constructed and Gibraltar became a substantial city.
		Gibraltar became a Bristish garrison in 1830 and was declared a colony.
		Gibraltar has been a fortress for centuries and evidence of this is to be found all over the rock, from guns to battlements and gun turrets.
	www.idealspain.com /pages/information/GibHistory.htm (532 words)

	Gibraltar Official Website gibraltar.gi - History & Politics
		The ordinance of 1889 was thus a landmark in the political history of Gibraltar and in the development of its inhabitants.
		Gibraltar was not incorporated as a borough in the English sense, no Charter of Privileges was granted to the municipality, no aldermen were created, and the City Council was presided over by a Chairman, not a Mayor.
		Thus in December 1987 Gibraltar airport was excluded from a measure of EC law on civil aviation unless the Gibraltarians accepted joint control of their airport with Spain.
	www.gibraltar.gi /history (2935 words)

	History - Gibraltar - Europe
		Gibraltar and ancient Abila (now Mount Acho at Ceuta, a Spanish exclave in Morocco) form the classical Pillars of Hercules, which were crowned with silver columns by Phoenician mariners to mark the limits of safe navigation for the ancient Mediterranean peoples.
		In 1309 Gibraltar was captured by the Castilians but was regained by the Moors in 1333 and held until 1462, when it finally passed from Moorish possession.
		After the sacking of Gibraltar by the Algerian corsair Barbarossa II (Khayr ad-Din, 1483?-1546) in 1540, the Rock was furnished with strong defenses by command of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. On July 24, 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Gibraltar was captured by combined English and Dutch forces.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/gibraltar/history.htm (532 words)

	Straits of Gibraltar Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ NaturalResearch.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		The Strait of Gibraltar (Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق, Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the strait that separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Mediterranean Sea.
		A shot of the Strait of Gibraltar from atop "The Rock" in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.
		On the northern side of the Strait is Spain and Gibraltar, while on the southern side is Morocco and Ceuta, a Spanish exclave in North Africa.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Straits_of_Gibraltar (872 words)

	History of Gibraltar
		Gibraltar is recaptured by Castille and became part of the estates of the Duke of Medina Sidonia.
		Gibraltar was enlarged and fortified until it was regarded as impregnable.
		The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 increased Gibraltar's strategic value to the Royal Navy and the Admiralty dockyard, with its 440-acre harbour protected by three moles, was constructed on land reclaimed from the sea in 1895-1905.
	www.discovergibraltar.com /other/history/history2.htm (2725 words)

	Gibraltar Bank - History
		Gibraltar Bank was founded in 1994 by a visionary banker with the support of prominent South Florida professionals, entrepreneurs, Fortune 500 executives and Wall Street partners.
		Gibraltar Bank quickly became admired for its founder's vision which is based on a devotion to each client's goals and aspirations, extraordinary personal service and a commitment to offering only the finest financial services.
		Gibraltar's reputation has been built by a stable group of outstanding professionals, the majority of whom are shareholders, who provide prompt, innovative and effective solutions to the financial needs of the Bank's clients and their families.
	www.gibraltarbank.com /history.jsp (345 words)

	Gibraltar history, finance center and culture.
		When people think of the history of Gibraltar they often think in terms of the bloody 18th century sieges when Spain tried to regain the Rock from the British.
		However, the history of Gibraltar very much reflects that of the Mediterranean and it could indeed be argued that it reflects that of man himself.
		The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 ceded Gibraltar to the British crown in perpetuity and it is on the basis of that treaty that Gibraltar remains British to this day.
	www.andalucia.com /gibraltar/history.htm (685 words)

	Gibraltar History Geography
		Gibraltar is a peninsula with approximately three square miles situated at the southernmost tip of Spain.
		Gibraltar has achieved political stability and a solidarity with Britain which has been growing since its capture in 1704.
		The Rock of Gibraltar was formerly ceded, in perpetuity, to Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
	www.gibraltarlawyers.com /history_gibraltar.htm (99 words)

	Gibraltar Strait Dam: History of a Sea-change Macroproject Proposal
		Gibraltar Strait Dam: History of a Sea-change Macroproject Proposal
		Macro-engineering’s fixation on the Strait of Gibraltar is centered on proposals to span it with a bridge—perhaps as blueprinted by T.Y. Lin (1912-2003)—or a tunnel to function as a Europe-Africa permanent transportation linkage across the Strait of Gibraltar (Starossek, 1996).
		Supposing the Strait of Gibraltar to be closed, the present-day rate of sea level depression caused by normal evaporation from the Mediterranean Sea could be about 0.5 m/yr; uncovering the continental shelf to add new land to humanity’s resources base would require a wait of nearly four centuries.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/Gibraltar_Cathcart.html (3072 words)

	Tourist Information Index
		It seems probable now that Gibraltar was one of the last places where these Neanderthals survived, clinging on to their way of life in the face of overwhelming odds against them.
		After the fall of Granada in 1497, she used Gibraltar as a base port for launching an attack on North Africa and in 1499 she used it as a port for the removal of exiled Moors from Granada.
		During the late nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century Gibraltar's potable water problems, due to the summer droughts characteristic of the climate, were resolved with the excavation of huge reservoirs inside the Rock which stored rainwater collected from catchment areas specially prepared on the north-western and eastern sides of the Rock.
	www.gibnet.com /tourist/history.htm (3697 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Gibraltar: Rock of ages
		Gibraltar, the tiny British Overseas territory on the coast of southern Spain, has loomed large in the history books for hundreds of years.
		Gibraltar remained Spanish until early in the 18th century, when it was captured by the British, and formally ceded to the Empire.
		In 1963, the question of Gibraltar's status came before the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonisation, and Spain seized the opportunity to revive her claim for the reversion of the Rock to Spanish sovereignty.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/278251.stm (455 words)

	History
		When you first see the Rock of Gibraltar, whether it is from the air, from the sea or from the Costa del Sol, it is its impressive stature, towering isolated above the surrounding countryside, that causes the greatest impact.
		Gibraltar is a beacon which signals the position of the Strait of Gibraltar, the narrow neck which separates Europe from Africa and provides the only link between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
		Century AD Gibraltar is part of the Arab kingdom of Seville except for a short period when it comes under Berber rule from Malaga.
	www.gibraltar.gov.gi /about_gib/history/history_index.htm (1930 words)

	Gibraltar History, rock of Gibraltar finance trade center.
		Britain is responsible for Gibraltar's foreign affairs, defence and the political stability of the colony.
		Gibraltar is a member of the European Union by virtue of Britain's membership.
		Gibraltar is a world-renowned tax haven and thus an excellent place to invest.
	www.andalucia.com /gibraltar/home.htm (423 words)

	Gibraltar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		According to Tito Vallejo in his article in the Gibraltar Chronicle, when Tariq landed in Gibraltar in 711, the Rock was named Jabal Al Fath and the town Medinat Al Fath, which mean the Mountain of Victory and the City of Victory respectively.
		Gibraltar was recaptured by the Castilians in 1309 but was regained by the Moors in 1333 and held until 1462, when it finally passed from Moorish possession.
		After the sacking of Gibraltar by the Algerian corsair Barbarossa II (Khayr ad-Din, 1483?- 1546) in 1540, the Rock was furnished with strong defences by command of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. On July 24, 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Gibraltar was captured by combined English and Dutch forces.
	www.didyouknow.cd /gibraltar.htm (445 words)

	Gibraltar
		Gibraltar gave the Allied Powers control of the entry to the Mediterranean (the other side of the Strait being under neutral Spanish territory).
		The Governor of Gibraltar, appointed by Queen Elizabeth II, is responsible for defence, foreign relations, internal security and financial stability.
		Its terrain is a narrow coastal lowland bordering the 426-metre-high Rock of Gibraltar.
	www.aaaah.org /wiki/en/gi/Gibraltar.htm (1305 words)

	Police home page
		Gibraltar during the 18th Century was a Military Garrison where the British Governor ruled supreme with no elected civilian government.
		The inhabitants of the "Town and Garrison of Gibraltar" were permitted to run their affairs in their own way and public order was maintained by the Military Authorities, who maintained sentries and night patrols under the command of the Town Major.
		In 1830 the "Town and Garrison of Gibraltar" was changed to "Colony of Gibraltar" and it's administration passed from the War Office to the relatively new Colonial Office.
	www.gibraltar.gov.gi /judiciary/police_index.htm (781 words)

	GIBRALTAR VIEWPOINT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Ledesma Miranda, in his book ‘Gibraltar, La Roca de Calpe’ suggests that the Scylla and Charybdis of the Odyssey were like to have been the Pillars of Hercules — the Rock of Gibraltar on one side and Mont Abyla in Morocco on the other.
		The Rock of Gibraltar is a giant slab of jagged Jurassic limestone.
		Gibraltar also has its permanent residents such as the Barbary Partridge, which originally was only to be found in North Africa.
	www.gibraltarviewpoint.com /page.php?domain_name=gibraltarviewpoint.com&viewpage=HISTORY (1292 words)

	History
		Gibraltar first issue of postage stamps was on 1 January 1886, although Spanish and Great Britain stamps were used in Gibraltar before that date.
		The use of Great Britain stamps for the prepayment of mail from Gibraltar was officially authorised from 3 September 1857 until 31 December 1885.
		Time did not allow for plates to be prepared with `Gibraltar` in the designs and De La Rue suggested that a special printing of the contemporary `Bermuda` types be made.
	www.geocities.com /gibraltarstamps/history.template.htm (291 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-Gibraltar, after nearly 300 years of British control, is it going back to Spanish ownership?-
		The first town at Gibraltar was built in 1160 at the behest of the Caliph of Morocco, and included the Moorish Castle, the ruins of which are still evident today.
		Gibraltar therefore had an important role to play in the anti -submarine struggle against the German U-Boats in both world wars, it also developed its dockyard facilities, and was instrumental in repairing many British and Allied warships over the 1939-1945 war.
		Spain will of course argue that Gibraltar is part of its traditional land, and no foreign country has any right to occupy it, however, this does not seem to preclude Spain from maintaining Territory in North Africa, notwithstanding it runs counter to their own argument about foreigners on Spanish territory.
	www.ahoy.tk-jk.net /macslog/Gibraltarafternearly300ye.html (1361 words)

	Gibraltar Point Lighthouse History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Gibraltar Point lighthouse was built on what is now known as Toronto Island in 1808.
		After 99 years of service it was decommissioned in 1907, but remains as the oldest existing lighthouse on the Great Lakes, since the one built in 1804 on Mississauga Point at the mouth of the Niagara River was demolished to make room for fortifications during the War of 1812.
		From its site on Gibraltar Point, it has watched most of Toronto's history unfold; its light beam has, for more than 150 years, been a welcome guide for the mariner into the Harbour of Toronto.
	www.qsl.net /va3rj/light_gibraltar.html (975 words)

	From Gibraltar To Catalonia - History Forum
		Their fight with the English allies were the fight for the laws, constitutions and independence of Catalonia, and the fight against the Castilian imposition and its effort to destroy any Catalan identity.
		Spain recognised the English sovereignity of Gibraltar and England recognised Phillip V as king of the Spanish Monarchy.
		The don't teach Catalan History (Catalans were one of the most powerful nations in the Mediterranian in XIVth century).
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2122 (1732 words)

	A Brief History of Gibraltar, Winter 2004-05, Notre Dame Magazine Online - University of Notre Dame
		Bare on one side but largely covered with wild olive trees, petal cactus and other vegetation everywhere else, the Rock of Gibraltar is believed to have been formed by the collision of the Eurasian and African tectonic plates some 55 million years ago.
		The nearby Straits of Gibraltar, between Spain and Africa, connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.
		Gibraltar covers only about 2 ½ square miles, and flat land is so scarce that almost half of the runway at the tiny Gibraltar airport extends out into the bay.
	www.nd.edu /~ndmag/w0405/gibside.html (686 words)

	A short history of Gibraltar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		In 1704 the United Kingdom occupies Gibraltar from Spain, that cedes it in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 to the United Kingdom.
		Under the 1969 constitution Gibraltar has a chief minister and a House of Asembly as it did already in 1964.
		The GSLP is confirmed in the 1992 elections, but in 1996 it is defeated by the conservative Gibraltar Social Democrats of Peter Caruana.
	www.electionworld.org /history/gibraltar.htm (167 words)

	Religion in Gibraltar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-03)
		Institutionalised worship has a long history in Gibraltar and today we see that Gib' has one of the most diverse societies in the world.
		Recorded history for Gibraltar begins in 711 with the Moorish invasion, after many studies and suppositions it has been generally agreed that there was no settlement in Gibraltar previous to this.
		He is also patron saint of Gibraltar and the civil hospital and one of the schools, bear his name.
	www.dotcom.gi /mag/stories/religion_in_gibraltar.htm (756 words)

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