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Topic: History of homosexuality

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Heterosexuality

History of sexuality

Homosexual marriage

Sexual development

Homosexuality in Japan

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Homosexuality

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Homosexuality and medical science

John Boswell

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Causes of sexual orientation

	History of Homosexuality
		France punished homosexual behavior with loss of the testicles for the first offense, loss of the penis for the second offense, and death by burning at the stake for a third offense.
		Homosexual history is one of abuse, prejudice, pain, and death.
		Often issues such as allowing homosexuals in positions of influence, the spread of AIDS and other diseases, and passing legislation insuring homosexuals equal rights are issues which raise concern, rhetoric, and grass-roots political action.
	www.history.inclusivechristians.org (3748 words)

	Homosexuality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus it is common for homosexual individuals in hetero-normative societies to love, marry, and have children with individuals of the opposite sex, a practice that may be done primarily for social reasons in intolerant environments, as a cover for one's orientation (such relationships are known as "beards").
		Homosexual behavior is common in the Animal Kingdom, especially in species closer to humans on the evolutionary scale, such as the great apes.
		Homosexuality since ancient times has been documented to be more common in militaries with their strict sex-separation contrasted to society at large.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homosexuality (9812 words)

	History of Christianity and homosexuality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Those who claim early Christianity denounced homosexuality generally identify themselves as conservative Christians, and likewise those who claim the opposite are described as liberal Christians.
		In response to liberals who claim that even the medieval Church tolerated homosexuality, conservatives cite documents such as the "Summa Theologica", the chief summary of doctrine in that era, which states the official position on sodomy in passages denouncing "copulation with an undue sex, male with male, or female with female" (ST: II:II: Q154: Art.11).
		Many of those who claim the early church did not condemn homosexuality mention the fact that Jonathan was the son of King Saul in Israel and that after the relationship with David, King Saul then made David the next King instead of his own son.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homosexuality_and_Christianity:_History (1577 words)

	homosexuality
		Homosexuality (rarely homophilia) is a sexual orientation or orientations characterized by romantic or sexual desire for, or sexual attraction toward, members of the same sex.
		The term gay is used to refer to homosexual persons of either gender, although it is mostly used to refer to males (hence the expression gays and lesbians or gay men and lesbians).
		The presence of homosexual behavior appears to be widespread amongst birds, mammals and the apes, and some believe it to have its origin in male social organization and social dominance, similar to the dominance traits shown in prison sexuality.
	www.fact-library.com /homosexuality.html (2170 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -HOMOSEXUALITY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Homosexual behavior was thereafter excoriated as a heinous sin.
		One physician described a case of homosexuality as "shocking to every sense of decency, disgusting and revolting," phrases that he surely would not have applied to a case of pneumonia or yellow fever.
		The shifting definitions of homosexuality, from sinful criminal act to diseased condition, have pointed historians toward important theoretical formulations, especially the distinction between homosexual acts, which can be documented across history and culture, and homosexual identities.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_042600_homosexualit.htm (2308 words)

	History of Homosexuality
		After the Han Dynasty, the general attitude was tolerant, so long as homosexuals fulfilled their filial duties by getting married and continuing the family line.
		Remarkably, a calm and dispassionate attitude to the homosexual phenomenon was always prevalent in ancient China.
		The government considered homosexuality to be a social disgrace or a form of mental illness.
	www.china.org.cn /english/2002/Oct/44940.htm (564 words)

	Reflections on Gay History
		Studies of the history of homosexuality began in Germany in the nineteenth century, and were motivated partly by gay men’s anger at being outlawed.
		LGBT history is too often reduced to the history of persecution and punishment, just as fl history is sometimes reduced to the history of slavery, and Jewish history is sometimes reduced to the history of the Holocaust.
		The history of homophobia is only a small part of the larger history of homosexuality, and needs to be kept in perspective to avoid a reductive victimology approach to LGBT history.
	www.infopt.demon.co.uk /history.htm (1412 words)

	Church History on Homosexuality
		Although homosexual rights activists wish to rewrite the historical record and infer that early writers did not understand what “homosexual love” was about in the modern sense, the facts are shown otherwise.
		In holding homosexual persons accountable, it is imperative that Christians make a clear distinction between the person caught in homosexual addiction and the addiction or the behavior itself ("who I am" and "what I do" are two different things).
		While Jefferson's disgust for homosexual behavior is to be applauded, his solution is less than helpful because it attacks the person rather than the condition.
	theroadtoemmaus.org /RdLb/22SxSo/PnSx/HSx/ChHistHsx.htm (1930 words)

	Saint Aelred the Queer: The Surprising History of Homosexuality and Homophobia
		Saint Aelred the Queer: The Surprising History of Homosexuality and Homophobia
		Homosexuality among the Greeks has been the subject of a great deal of scholarly study over the years, with the result that it is widely accepted among the American public that it was common.
		Because homosexuality became associated with hyenas, an animal believed to rob graves and eat the corpses, it's not surprising that early church fathers and monastics held homosexuality itself to be repugnant since it was associated with such repugnant animals.
	www.bidstrup.com /phobiahistory.htm (5915 words)

	Stonewall 25: Case 5, History of Homosexuality
		Gay men and lesbians located both within and outside of academia soon began to explore the history of homosexuality in Western societies.
		This case represents some highlights of post-Stonewall American scholarship devoted to "reclaiming the gay and lesbian past." All of the books featured here are valuable not only for their contributions to our knowledge about the history of homosexuality, but for a characteristically post-Stonewall open commitment and dedication to lesbian and gay lives, cultures, and politics.
		Sedgwick's Epistemology of the Closet examines the multiple effects of the modern invention of the conceptual binary "homosexual/ heterosexual." Her challenging interpretation of nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature reveals a continuing tension in the modern West between two contradictory understandings of homosexuality: as a universal potential in all people, or as a minority orientation.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/case5.html (1050 words)

	A History of Homosexuality
		Homosexuality was listed as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual until 1973 when sodomy advocates and lesbian organizations lobbied for de-listing.
		Homosexuality is not the same as skin color, and not being in favor of gays is not the same as hating someone just because of their race.
		Ignoring the fact that the majority of homosexual tendencies comes from past physical, sexual or verbal abuse from one or both parents or other trusted adults, or even peers, proponents of the gay movement want those abused children to accept their perverse and treatable reactions like they would accept their height or skin color.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/cot/t0w32homosexuality.htm (2021 words)

	Homosexuality (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Since the history of cultural understandings of same-sex attraction is relevant to the philosophical issues raised by those understandings, it is necessary to review briefly some of the social history of homosexuality.
		For example, the first ecumenical council to condemn homosexual sex, Lateran III of 1179, stated that “Whoever shall be found to have committed that incontinence which is against nature” shall be punished, the severity of which depended upon whether the transgressor was a cleric or layperson (quoted in Boswell, 1980, 277).
		Those most concerned with homosexuality, positively or negatively, are also those most engaged, with natural law theorists arguing for gays and lesbians having a reduced legal status, and queer theorists engaged in critique and deconstruction of what they see as a heterosexist regime.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/homosexuality (6592 words)

	Androphile Gay History Project: The World History of Male Love
		Looking at any history textbook, one would think that never has a society praised love between men, never has a painter, a poet or a pope shared his bed and his heart with another male.
		It was the cornerstone of a cultural tradition that 2500 years ago provoked the awakening of democracy, theater, philosophy, mathematics, history, and so on.
		As this is being written (winter 2004), it could also illuminate the growing debate about gay marriage, a tradition documented the world over for thousands of years, but nowhere as widely or as recently as in North America, where it was practiced and honored by many of the First Nations.
	www.androphile.org (995 words)

	History and Homosexuality (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The History Boys” by Alan Bennett at the National Theatre is the toast of London—a play about the tension between educating high school students to the test versus for the love of learning.
		The day after I saw her performance, she said over tea with me—and 99 white-haired ladies—at the National that British theater and education are dying and needed to be rescued, but you wouldn’t know it to see her show nor most of the nine other offerings I took in the week of August 7-15.
		So, by all mean see “History Boys,” whose run has been extended at the National until January 15, may transfer to another house, and is being talked about for a Broadway run.
	www.gaycitynews.com /gcn_336/historyandhomosexuality.html (1351 words)

	Amazon.com: Homosexuality and Civilization: Books: Louis Crompton
		In this notable monograph, impressive for its breadth and readability, an early pioneer of gay and lesbian studies attempts the Herculean task of chronicling the history of homosexuality in Europe and parts of Asia from Homer to the 18th century.
		Throughout, Crompton's great intellectual nemesis is the late Michel Foucault, whose History of Sexuality, Volume I emphasizes the difficulty of reconstructing the sexual ethos of another culture or historical period and who has inspired a generation of historians, literary scholars and cultural critics to grapple with sexuality in their work.
		For Crompton, the commonalities of that disparate history of homosexuality lie in two elements: the fact of common sexual practices, and the possibilities of human love and devotion that survived and contested all that history ('their' history) could throw at it.
	www.amazon.com /Homosexuality-Civilization-Louis-Crompton/dp/067401197X (1106 words)

	History condemns homosexuality - The Brown and White
		In response to your recent editorial in The Brown and White preaching acceptance of the homosexual, sodomite lifestyle, allow me to respond briefly with some biblical and historical anecdotes to the liberal vitriol you evangelize to the youth of Lehigh.
		History is replete with civilizations going into decline and death when they became openly and agggresively homosexual.
		The acceptance of homosexuality and sodomy has bankrupted every prior civilization that has accepted a behavior strictly against traditional morality and the teachings of both testaments of the Bible.
	www.bw.lehigh.edu /story.asp?ID=16803 (211 words)

	BBC - Drama - Tipping the Velvet
		The BBC’s long-running soap has been no stranger to controversial storylines, homosexual relationships being just one headline-grabbing issue that it has dealt with over the years.
		From its invention in the 1920s up to the 1960s, television espoused the moral virtues of the time with its cosy, nuclear families and universally heterosexual relationships.
		It was portrayed as if it was normal to be homosexual.
	www.bbc.co.uk /drama/tipping/article_1.shtml (509 words)

	Loesberg - "Foucault and the Hedgerow History of Sexuality" - Historicizing Romantic Sexuality - Praxis Series - ...
		The second level has been the very real importance of some of his claims about homosexuality (that concept's history and its lack of applicability to sexual practices prior to the nineteenth-century) to debates through the 1980s and 1990s over the history of homosexuality and the implications of that history for an antihomophobic politics.
		One way to attack this picture as denying a natural reality to homosexuality would be to pick out one part of it and align it with current attitudes toward homosexuality to show the persistence of those attitudes, thus a persistent version of homophobia and as a consequence, a persistent sexual identity beneath the shifting conventions.
		The homosexual of the nineteenth century has become a personage: a past, a history, a childhood, a character, a form of life; a morphology as well, with an indiscrete anatomy and perhaps a mysterious physiology.
	www.rc.umd.edu /praxis/sexuality/loesberg/loesberg.html (8394 words)

	Trafford Publishing: A History of Homosexuality
		Gay history is the struggle and results of gay men and lesbians in a battle toward recognition, acceptance, and equality.
		Through centuries of acceptance and non-acceptance, the history of the homosexual, the gay man and lesbian, parallels the history of mankind.
		Gay history is a part of the minority movement toward the recognition of acceptance, equality and diversity toward the struggle of fitting into today's society.
	www.trafford.com /robots/03-1916.html (625 words)

	Pictures and Passions: A History of Homosexuality in the Visual Arts. - Review - book review Art in America - Find ...
		Pictures and Passions: A History of Homosexuality in the Visual Arts by James M. Saslow, like the fabulously illustrated History of Art, is a millennia-spanning historical epic that transports us from the distant past to the present.
		Saslow's primary interest is the relationship of art and (homo)sexuality, rather than the creation of an all-star lineup for the hetero or homo team.
		"Homosexuality" here embraces a continuum of emotions between people of the same sex, from homosocial friendship to homoerotic intimacy to genital passion, whether or not they culminate in sexual union.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_5_88/ai_62111776 (854 words)

	Johns Hopkins University Press \| Books \| A Natural History of Homosexuality
		Since the word homosexual was coined in 1869, many scientists in a variety of fields have sought to understand same-sex intimacy.
		The result is A Natural History of Homosexuality, a generous work that synthesizes research in biology, history, psychology, and politics to explain how homosexuality has been understood and defined from ancient times until the present.
		In twentieth-century America, researchers first recognized that homosexuality might not be "pathological" when Alfred Kinsey and Evelyn Hooker conducted the first studies of sexuality not biased by preconceived notions of "normal" sexual behavior.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/title_pages/1036.html (724 words)

	Gay \| Homosexuals \| In \| History
		The use of the term gay, as it relates to homosexuality, arises from an extension of the sexualized connotation of "carefree and uninhibited", implying a willingness to disregard conventional or respectable sexual mores.
		"Homosexual" was perceived as excessively clinical: especially since homosexuality was at that time designated as a mental illness, and "homosexual" was used by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to denote men affected by this "mental illness".
		Homosexuality was no longer classified as an illness in the DSM by 1973, but the clinical connotation of the word was already embedded in society.
	www.pridenet.com /history.html (515 words)

	History of Sexuality :: History of Sex and Sexuality
		A brief lowodwn on the history of human sexuality as to how the sexual wise patterns of “normality’ and “abnormality” would change throughout the times.
		In the heydays of feudalism the brides were ultimately deflowered by the Landlord, in compliance to a code of practice established by himself, known as jus primae noctis (rights for the first night).
		A sad epic in history of sexuality was written upon the patriarchs’ sexual affairs.
	www.historyofsexuality.com (1748 words)

	License to Cook Wisconsin Style And History of Homosexuality in Europe: Berlin, London, Paris 1919-1939
		Tamagne dissects the strands of euphoria, rebellion, exploration, nostalgia and yearning, and the bonds forged at school and on the battlefront, in a scholarly treatise charting the early days of the homosexual and lesbian scene.
		The period between the two world wars was crucial in the history of homosexuality in Europe.
		In England, the confruntation was brisk to undermine the structures and strictures of Victorianism; whereas in France (which was more tolerant, over all), homosexuality remained more subtle and nonmilitant.
	www.tinalovejoymusic.com /license.htm (229 words)

	GAYLY: A Gay History of the World: Preamble
		In fact, history is replete with gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people who have contributed significantly to world history even though the world's cultures have rarely condoned homosexuality.
		For some segments of history, early accounts are scarce and the sources vary widely in type.
		This gives queer history a lopsided feel that should be rectified as time passes and as more scholars research cultures of other regions.
	www.suphawut.com /gvb/gayly/gay_history1.htm (407 words)

	GAYLY: A Gay History of the World: The Future of GLBT
		Later, largely due to the politics and religion of our time and whose opinion happened to matter most at the time, we grew to despise homosexuality, inciting an all-out holocaust on those who may be something other than straight.
		Again, the pendulum is swinging to the side of reason, and the world is at least tolerating homosexuals, save incidences like Matthew Shepard's slaying and the fact that we are still fighting in Congress for equal rights.
		Although our special history may not be canonized in classroom textbooks (yet), by piecing together the disparate parts of our past we can slowly begin to build a rich tapestry, weaving together our collective and individual triumphs and setbacks.
	www.suphawut.com /gvb/gayly/gay_history8.htm (611 words)

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