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Topic: History of Java

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Java API

Java programming language

Comparison of Java to C Plus Plus

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James Gosling

	Java Overview and History
		Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems that has been designed to run on any platform with a Java virtual machine.
		Java technology is widely regarded as revolutionary, because it was designed to let computers and devices communicate with one another much more easily than ever before.
		Java implements a number security features, such as the lack of pointers, strongly type access, and proper loading of Java classes (to avoid replacements).
	www.openroad.org /school/javaintro/JavaOverviewandHistory.html (668 words)

	JAVA TECHNOLOGY: THE EARLY YEARS
		Java technology was created as a programming tool in a small, closed-door project initiated by Patrick Naughton, Mike Sheridan, and James Gosling of Sun in 1991.
		Java technology had been designed in parallel to move media content across networks of heterogeneous devices, but it also offered the capability to move "behavior" in the form of applets along with the content.
		Java technology is a major computing environment now, a river that has flooded its banks and is now coursing just about everywhere across industries and the enterprise.
	java.sun.com /features/1998/05/birthday.html (3366 words)

	Java: Cornerstone of the Global Network Enterprise?
		Java's memory management model, with its lack of pointers and pointer-arithmetic, immediately eliminates whole realms of programming errors that plague most C and C++ programs.
		Java also incorporates many security features, both in the language itself and in the run-time environment, which protects applications written in Java from being harmed by external hostile code, and protects client-systems from being intruded upon by those Java applets they have downloaded and executed.
		The designers of Java, eager for their new programming language to become the foundation for networked communication and information retrieval, knew they must incorporate many forms of safety measures into their product if it was to succeed as a serious business tool.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/Youmans.Java.html (2767 words)

	The Java programming language
		Java didn't set out to be a better C for every programmer, and in fact had an identity crisis early in its life.
		Java still has the distinction between value and reference, but it is handled automatically: "primitive" types (such as integers) are always accessed by value, complex types (objects and arrays) are always accessed by reference.
		Java compilers are stricter than C compilers about issuing errors or warnings about dangerous casts, but it is still possible to create bugs, particularly with primitive types.
	www.outbacksoftware.com /java/java.html (6403 words)

	Java Presentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Java is all the rage right now because it represents the first significant effort to take the World Wide Web beyond its static page-oriented environment to a more dynamic, interactive interface.
		Java, an compact programming language written by James Gosling of Sun Microsystems, is being used to create software applications and smaller applets which can be downloaded with HTML pages over networks for use on client machines.
		Java is getting its highly visible start on the Web, but the Internet is not the only network on which it can be used advantageously.
	ils.unc.edu /blaze/java/javapres.html (701 words)

	The History of Java
		The Java revolution first seemed to really solidify with the release of Netscape and Internet Explorer 3.0, and also introduced some much needed competition in the realm of Java virtual machines (since Microsoft's was very superior to Netscape's on the PC at least).
		This version of Java was 1.0.x and became the standard for a while.
		Microsoft recently came out with an implementation of Java 1.1.5 which did not implement certain core parts of the system as well as adding some strange and unlovely extras to the central classes (which means that your applet wouldn't work except in anything but Microsoft Java if you compiled it with Microsoft's java compiler).
	www.herts.ac.uk /ltdu/technology/history_of_java.html (1517 words)

	About the Java Technology (The Java™ Tutorials > Getting Started > The Java Technology Phenomenon)
		Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.
		Each of the preceding buzzwords is explained in The Java Language Environment, a white paper written by James Gosling and Henry McGilton.
		You've already been introduced to the Java Virtual Machine; it's the base for the Java platform and is ported onto various hardware-based platforms.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/intro/definition.html (426 words)

	Celebrating 10 years of Java and our technological productivity - Java World
		This semantic puzzle, which appeared on a free English language help Website, is a Zen koan, emblematic of the age of Java (i.e., the current network age, which Java helped to birth, diaper, feed, and proctor).
		With Java's official debut on May 23, 1995, along with the Internet-ready release of Windows 95 and Netscape's IPO later that same year, the stage was set for a 1996 leap in aggregate economic productivity increases that has yet to abate, dot-bomb notwithstanding.
		But since the early days of Java and Matsumura, the concept of technology evangelism has taken hold in a number of different firms and is considerably more common in technology circles today, which was not the case before Java.
	www.javaworld.com /javaworld/jw-05-2005/jw-0523-anniversary.html (1118 words)

	Java War History \| ema_03_package.xml
		The Java War lasted from 1825 to 1830, overlapping the Padri War (1821–1837) on neighboring Sumatra.
		While many hoped for Diponegoro's return, the Java War was the last of the priyayi-led rebellions; the priyayi were increasingly coopted by Dutch colonial authorities as agents of governance and were seen by the people as collaborators.
		The Dutch, in their campaign to destroy the power of the various kratons of Java and of traditional authorities elsewhere in the Indies, weakened the Yogyakarta sultanate by stripping away vast land holdings.
	www.bookrags.com /history/java-war-ema-03 (452 words)

	The Java Programming Language
		Making Java code work on a particular platform is then sim ply a matter of writing a byte code interpreter to simulate a JVM.
		This means that everything in a Java program is an object and everything is descended from a root object class.
		Familiar C++-like Syntax - One of the factors enabling the rapid adoption of Java is the similarity of the Java syntax to that of the popular C++ programming language.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/java/java.html (670 words)

	History of Railways in Indonesia
		The line was quite profitable, but as it was isolated from the rest of the NIS lines in Central and East Java, it was later sold to the SS in 1913.
		Three years later, construction was begun on a line from Bogor to Cicurug in West Java, with the intention to reach Cilacap, an important port in the southern coast of Java.
		Not only on the SS in Java, but also in South Sumatra there was an increase in speed limits, allowing a maximum of 75 km/h on the South Sumatran main line (in 1940), and also 50 km/h on some lines in West Sumatra.
	members.tripod.com /~keretapi/history.html (3559 words)

	Java (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Java applications are, in the official implementation, compiled to bytecode, which is compiled to native machine code at runtime.
		Java's performance has increased substantially since the early versions, and performance of JIT compilers relative to native compilers has in some tests been shown to be quite similar.
		Java libraries that are the compiled byte codes of source code developed by the JRE implementor to support application development in Java.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Java_programming_language (4495 words)

	History of Java
		However, interestingly enough, Java was developed independently of the web, and went through several stages of metamorphosis before reaching its current status of de facto programming language for the world wide web.
		Below is a brief history of Java since its infancy to its current state.
		According the Java FAQ, [Harold] Bill Joy, currently a vice president at Sun Microsystems, is widely believed to have been the person to conceive of the idea of a programming language that later became Java.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~wwwbtb/book/chap1/java_hist.html (1615 words)

	Java CDEV History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Conceived in late 1996, the prototype (Java CDEV v1.0) was completed in late 1997 to test the feasibility of a java client (an applet) that retrieves and displays control system information obtained from the cdevGateway using the CLIP protocol.
		To facilitate testing, a Java Display Manager (jdm) library was developed in 1998 to generate displays from an existing inventory of display screens available at Jefferson Lab.
		This version (Java CDEV v2.0) is under continuing development in collaboration with CERN, and is being used at both CERN and PSI.
	www.jlab.org /cdev/java/history.html (144 words)

	History of Java (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The java programming language is becoming more and more popular each day.
		That means if you write a program in java in one computer, it should run in all computers.
		So the creator of java decided to take the good features of inherience, encapsulation, and polymorphism from C++, while discarding the bad features such as multiple inherience, pointers etc. The memory management was improved in java where the programmer will not be held responsible for memory management.
	www.geocities.com /gdind2003/java.htm (1211 words)

	History & Overview - Java: One Year Out
		Java had been released into an environment of explosive Internet growth stemming from the popularity of the World Wide Web with every conceivable user base.
		Java began in the world of set-top boxes for interactive television (ITV) and personal digital assistants (PDAs) as a project to develop the architecture for consumer appliances.
		Java's creators believed that any component using a chip could be linked to any other component.
	www.webreference.com /content/java/history.html (1061 words)

	History of Central Java, Part I
		Composed during the first century of the Common Era (CE), Pliny's Natural History refers to merchant ships out of Asia who were engaged in trade with the East Coast of Africa.
		Modern anthropologists have been able to assemble a body of linguistic and genetic evidence that strongly supports the proposition that the island of Madagascar was colonized nearly two thousand years ago by natives from island Southeast Asia.
		Archaeological digs in western Java have produced Chinese ceramics that date from the period of the Han dynasty that once ruled China during the opening centuries of the Common Era.
	www.borobudur.tv /history_1.htm (2415 words)

	The History of Java Technology
		But in the early 90s, extending the power of network computing to the ordinary things of everyday life was a radical vision, hatched in secret by a handful of Sun scientists.
		Java technology was a paradigm-bomb that threatened conventional thinkers and vested interests.
		The history of Java technology is one of the great adventure stories of Silicon Valley.
	www.java.com /en/javahistory (279 words)

	The History of West Java
		Evidence of this is in records about Java and its kingdoms compiled by the Buddhist monk Fa Xian, who traveled from Sri Lanka to China in 413 A.D. Also, a number of envoys traveled between China and a Javanese kingdom called He Luo Dan, which may have been identical with Tarumanagara.
		The 16th century brought two great turning points in the history of Java, including the land of Sunda: the rapid spread of Islam starting from the port cities on the north coast, and the arrival of the Dutch just before 1600, following the earlier voyages of the Portuguese and Spanish.
		In 1799, the VOC shamefully collapsed due to mismanagement and corruption, was declared bankrupt and dissolved.
	www.indonesia-tourism.com /west-java/history.html (868 words)

	SIP: News
		A bug in Microsoft's bytecode verifier allows the construction of code sequences that illegally cast values of one Java type to values of another unrelated type, in violations of Java's typing rules, without detection by Microsoft's verifier.
		The applet can get a list of the all signers known to the local system, determine which if any of those signers is trusted, and then the applet can relabel itself so it appears to have been signed by a trusted signer.
		Java Security: From HotJava to Netscape and Beyond, appeared in the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /sip/history (1479 words)

	Sun Microsystems Accessibility Program - Overview of Java
		And because the Java platform is so rich, with literally hundreds of libraries implementing everything from complex 3D graphics to cryptography to distributed computing with persistent objects, there is very little a programmer might want to do that she couldn't do in a Java application.
		While the Java language is designed to be platform-independent, and to execute primarily in a secure environment, programmers can extend Java application through the use of compiled binary code on the host operating system using C-style calling conventions.
		Java applets in Web pages are communicating with Java applications on remote servers for complex and sophisticated uses that would be more difficult to do in any other tool (especially if the requirement is for cross-platform deployment).
	www.sun.com /access/articles/JavaUniverseOverview.html (5642 words)

	Change history for R-Java Omegahat Interface
		When we dynamically generate R code to interface to Java classes, we can use this to specify the precise conversion desired and speed up the conversion by avoiding the lookup through the entire collection of dynamic converters.
		Exceptions in Java calls are raised as errors in R. This includes cases when there is no method identified either because there are multiple possible methods, or none but a matching field name.
		The initialization of the Java virtual machine is no longer done in the loading of the the library.
	www.omegahat.org /RSJava/Changes.html (1138 words)

	Java History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This account of the history of Java is based on an outline put together by Patrick Naughton, co-author ofthe HotJava browser and current VP of technology at Starwave Corp.
		Sun and Netscape announce Javascript, a scripting language based on the Java language which is designed to be accessible to non-programmers.
		IBM and Adobe announce licensing agreement with Sun for use of Java.
	ils.unc.edu /blaze/java/javahist.html (540 words)

	Introduction
		When Java servlets were first invented, many programmers quickly realized that they were a Good Thing.
		Java Web developers now tend to use the terms Model 2 and MVC interchangeably.
		The Apache Struts Project was launched in May 2000 by Craig R. McClanahan to provide a standard MVC framework to the Java community.
	struts.apache.org /1.x/userGuide/introduction.html (2240 words)

	Code:Q (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a turning point in history when Java overtook all other languages in producing piles of animal excrement.
		I think a lot of people that go on SF are there because they need a helping hand with resources, meaning they probably are new to the scene of writing code in projects (not just hacks).
		Clearly SourceForge is popular with Java developers, but it's just as clearly a stretch to use SF as a yardstick of language popularity.
	jroller.com /page/matsh?entry=java_history_was_made_today (1405 words)

	Women Spec Leads Make History for Java Technology @ JAVA DEVELOPER'S JOURNAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Technology and the Java platform are benefiting as well from women's talent and dedication and an instantiation of that is women engineers' contribution to the development of Java standards through the Java Community Process Program.
		Java technology is not created somewhere and given to everyone as a final technology.
		Java Data Objects 2.0 (JSR 243) was approved by the JCP EC in a final approval ballot.
	java.sys-con.com /read/204729.htm (1996 words)

	Java History
		The public history of Java, as presented by Sun, is like all other histories of everything.
		DaveThomas of OTI once said to me that Java was a completely unpredictable event, the coming together in 1995 of mega growth of the Web and some pretty average language and virtual machine technology.
		The typically dry and self-deprecating humor in the above comment by DaveThomas is that the Java virtual machine used by IBM (and highly respected) is the same virtual machine used IBM for IbmSmalltalk - and produced by OTI, the company DaveThomas began in the eighties.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?JavaHistory (1381 words)

	The Java Boutique: Free Java Applets, Games, Programming Tutorials, and Downloads - Introduction to Java
		Java is a programming language that was originally developed at Sun Microsystems (shepherded by James Gosling and Bill Joy) in 1991.
		Unlike C or C++ code, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine instructions, but into platform independent byte code.
		Thus, as a programmer, you need only concern yourself with the generic Java programming language and compile your applications into bytecode on whatever system you are using.
	javaboutique.internet.com /articles/ITJ/part01 (590 words)

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