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Topic: History of Luxembourg

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	Luxembourg HISTORY
		The land now known as Luxembourg fell under the successive domination of the Celts, the Romans, and the Riparian Franks before its founding as the County of Luxembourg in 963 by Sigefroid, count of the Ardennes, who reconstructed a small ruined fortress called Lucilinburhuc (Little Burg) on the site of the present capital.
		Luxembourg is now among the world's top ten financial centers and the financial sector employs approximately 10% of the workforce (20,000 people) and accounts for around one fifth of national income.
		Luxembourg suffered due to the global economic downturn and the turmoil in international stock markets that began in 2001, as its small, open economy specializes in financial services.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Luxembourg-HISTORY.html (718 words)

	History of Luxembourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of Luxembourg proper began with the construction of Luxembourg Castle in the Middle Ages.
		Luxembourg, somewhat diminished in size (as the medieval lands had been slightly reduced by the French and Prussian heirs), was aggrandized in another way: elevated to the status of grand duchy and placed under the rule of the king of the Netherlands.
		History of Luxembourg - History of Luxembourg from 53 BC to the present.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Luxembourg (2903 words)

	Wikinfo \| Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union) and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
		Luxembourg has a parliamentary form of government with a constitutional monarchy by inheritance.
		Luxembourg's southern and eastern borders are formed by a number of rivers, among which the largest is the Moselle.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Luxembourg (532 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Luxembourg
		Luxembourg was founded in 963 CE by Count Siegfried, and the first record of Jews living in the city of Luxembourg, the capital of the country, was in 1276.
		Luxembourg was officially Judenrein, or cleansed of Jews, with the exception of a handful in hiding or married to non-Jews.
		Due to Luxembourg's small size, the Israeli embassy is located in Brussels and Luxembourg is represented politically by the Dutch embassy and economically by the Belgian embassy.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Luxembourg.html (1313 words)

	National Museum of Military History, Luxembourg
		The "National Museum of Military History" (NMMH) emerged from the Diekirch Historical Museum (opened in 1984), which was primarily dedicated to the "Battle of the Bulge" in Luxembourg in winter 1944/45.
		A second part of the NMMH is dedicated to the history of Luxembourg's own armed forces from the creation of Luxembourg as a State to the present day.
		Luxembourg UN missions are also covered, and special displays provide an overview of daily military life.
	www.luxembourg.co.uk /NMMH (307 words)

	Luxembourg History \| iExplore.com
		Luxembourg was a founder member of the European Community (having formed close economic ties with The Netherlands and Belgium) and was host to the European Parliament until its move to a permanent site in Brussels in 1989.
		Luxembourg is in the mainstream on the current EU issues of monetary union, EU expansion, social policy and immigration and adopted the Euro upon its inception.
		Luxembourg was an inaugural adopter of the Euro at the beginning of 1999.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Luxembourg/History (472 words)

	The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a constitutional monarchy, is an independent sovereign state, tucked between Belgium, France and Germany (cf Luxembourg in Europe map).
		Luxembourg) starts in the year 963, when Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes, and founder of the Luxembourg Dynasty, had a castle built on the territory of the present-day capital of Luxembourg.
		Luxembourg as an international centre numbers more than 14000 domiciled Holding Companies, some 8500 investment funds and 220 banks which represent the greatest banking concentration in the European Union.
	www.luxembourg.co.uk /nutshell.html (1792 words)

	Luxembourg : In Depth : History \| Frommers.com
		By the mid-1400s Luxembourg itself was a province ruled by the dukes of Burgundy.
		Luxembourg, then, became a problem for the rest of Europe: Its position was too strategic and its fortifications too strong to allow it to be self-governing -- or even to be controlled by any one nation.
		The answer seemed to be to divide Luxembourg among several nations; therefore, the Congress of Vienna handed over most of the country to Holland's William of Orange-Nassau, and the remainder to Prussia.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/luxembourg/0107020044.html (1112 words)

	Luxembourg - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Luxembourg is drained by the Sûre (Sauer) and Alzette rivers, both tributaries of the Moselle (Mosel), which forms part of its eastern border.
		Luxembourg's grand duke is the titular head of state; the head of government is the prime minister, who is aided by a council of ministers.
		The county of Luxembourg (originally Lützelburg), extending between the Meuse and Moselle rivers and including the Luxembourg province of Belgium, was one of the largest fiefs in the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Luxembou (1184 words)

	Visit Luxembourg
		IN THE BEGINNING … The capital of Luxembourg was founded in 963 when Count Siegfried took possession of a castle situated on the rocky promontory overhanging the valley of the River Alzette called the Bock.
		Luxembourg was declared neutral in international affairs and this neutrality was protected by the great powers.
		In 1890, Luxembourg embarked on its own dynasty when Luxembourg relinquished its ties to Holland’s House of Orange and Adolf of Nassau was at the helm.
	www.visitluxembourg.com /history.htm (393 words)

	Banque centrale du Luxembourg - Monetary history
		Introduction of the franc germinal by the Emperor Napoleon, Luxembourg being the Water and Forests Department of the French empire.
		Parity was established between the Luxembourg franc and the Belgian franc.
		Luxembourg becomes a founding member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and of the World Bank.
	www.bcl.lu /en/bcl/history/index.html (231 words)

	Luxembourg Army History
		In 1846, the Royal Grand Ducal decree of 25 November disbanded the cavalry and artillery units and the Luxembourg Contingent was separated from the Limburg Contingent.
		Luxembourg was declared neutral in perpetuity, that neutrality being guaranteed by the signatory powers.
		The Luxembourg Battery was equipped with four howitzers - known as "25 pounders" on account of their caliber - with a maximum range of 12 km.
	www.nat-military-museum.lu /pageshtml/luxembourgarmy.php (5796 words)

	Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy; the grand duke is the head of state, but he swears to observe the country's laws and has little political power.
		In the early Middle Ages, Luxembourg belonged to the Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Lotharingia, and became part of the Holy Roman Empire.
		France conquered the Austrian Netherlands in 1795, and for the next 20 years Luxembourg was France's "Department of Forests." In 1815, after the overthrow of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna granted Luxembourg independence as a grand duchy and gave it to King William I of the Netherlands.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Luxembourg.html (1223 words)

	History of Luxembourg
		The language of Luxembourg is Luxembourgish, a blend of Dutch, old German, and Frankish elements.
		June 9, 1815, after 400 years of domination by various European nations, Luxembourg was made a grand duchy by the Congress of Vienna.
		In 1867, Luxembourg was recognized as independent and guaranteed perpetual neutrality.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/luxembourg.html (957 words)

	Reflections of Luxembourg in the U.S.
		Luxembourg is at the crossroads of invading armies.
		Because political and economic control of Luxembourg had changed hands so many times and because the grand duchy did not actually exist as an independent state until the mid-nineteenth century, it is difficult to establish accurate figures regarding the number of Luxembourgers who left their country for other lands.
		The Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg: The Evolution of Nationohod 963 A.D. to 1983.
	www.intech.mnsu.edu /bunkers/reflections_of_luxembourg_in_the_u_s_.htm (8395 words)

	Luxembourg
		In 1839 an agreement was reached, in which the western part of Luxembourg remained Belgian as the Province of Luxembourg.
		The flags of the Netherlands and of Luxembourg (as they are known internationally) are similar, but not the same, and it's just a coincidence, nothing to do with having any common origin.
		The colours of Luxembourg are derived from the coat of arms.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/lu.html (1418 words)

	Chronology of Luxembourg
		Luxembourg fell under control of various creditors in turn, ending up under the rule of Wenzel's niece, Elizabeth of Goerlitz.
		Luxembourg became a Grand Duchy under the personal rule of Willem I, but joined to the new German Confederation rather than the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
		Luxembourg sent delegates to Belgian Congress, but Prussian troops held the city of Luxembourg for the Dutch king.
	www.rootsweb.com /~luxwgw/luxchron.htm (1803 words)

	Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Washington, DC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is characterized by the recognition and use of three official languages : Luxembourgish, French and German.
		Luxembourg’s multilingualism is roated in the historical co-existence of two ethnic groups, one Romance and the other Germanic.
		The current linguistic situation in Luxembourg follows the logical thread of the country’s history.
	www.luxembourg-usa.org /languages.shtml (738 words)

	National Museum of Military History - DIEKIRCH, LUXEMBOURG
		The ensuing so-called "Battle of the Bulge" or "Ardennes Offensive" that was fought in the Belgian and Luxembourg Ardennes, resulted in the extensive damaging of numerous peaceful farming villages and small towns in northern Luxembourg, the loss of countless lives -- both military and civilian -, and the destruction of undisturbed landscapes and property.
		Finally, in a separate section, the National Museum of Military History also shows the history of the pre-1940 Luxembourg "Compagnie de volontaires" (armed force) and the post WWII Luxembourg army up to it’s present role and participation as a NATO and WEU partner in multinational peacekeeping- and humanitarian aid missions.
		However, a tour of the National Museum of Military History would not be complete without a visit of the nearby transborder historical trail near Hoesdorf and Wallendorf (Germany), as well as the Luxembourg American cemetery in Hamm/Luxembourg and the German military cemetery in Sandweiler and other war-related memorials and sites throughout Luxembourg.
	www.nat-military-museum.lu /pageshtml/curatorsmessage.php (739 words)

	Ney Family History: Luxembourg Chronology
		Luxembourg became a Grand Duchy, under the rule of the Netherlands.
		Luxembourg is separated from Belgium, and becomes semi-independent, but ruled by the Netherlands.
		Luxembourg celebrated 1000th anniversary of the founding of the city.
	www.eskimo.com /~lisanne/ney/luxchron.htm (466 words)

	Luxembourg: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		Luxembourg joined NATO in 1949, the Benelux Economic Union (with Belgium and the Netherlands) in 1948, and the European Economic Community (later the EU) in 1957.
		Luxembourg's parliament approved the Maastricht Accord, paving the way for the economic unity of the EU in July 1992.
		Luxembourg, François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de - Luxembourg, François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de, 1628–95, marshal of...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107734.html (524 words)

	Luxembourg Genealogical Research
		The first thing to remember when undertaking Luxembourg genealogical research is that there are "two Luxembourgs" -- the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (an independent nation) and the Luxembourg province of Belgium, just to the west of the Grand Duchy.
		The "Luxembourg Culture Zone" in Europe (the area in which the Germanic dialect Luxembourgeois or Letzebuergesch is spoken) includes the Grand Duchy, part of Luxembourg Province, and small areas in the Netherlands, France, and Germany -- together about 3,000 square miles including nearly a 1,000,000 people.
		Reading a history of Luxembourg, particularly if you are unsure as to where your immigrant ancestor originated, often is a good introduction to genealogical research.
	www.stthomas.edu /libraries/special/LuxGenRes.htm (1079 words)

	Luxembourg
		Luxembourg, the small European country of 999 square miles that is surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany, has been one of my major research interests for many years.
		Frieders-Kuntziger explains that many immigrants were drawn to farm life in the United States because of the availability of land; in contrast to the "2.5 acres per Luxembourger in the old country, "immigrants could hope to farm from 80 to 320 acres in the Midwestern United States (33).
		I grew up in Luxembourg (until I was 18) before migrating to NY where I currently work; however, my parents and many friends still reside in Luxembourg.
	www.intech.mnsu.edu /bunkers/luxembourg.htm (1940 words)

	Visit Luxembourg
		Catch up on history, take in an art exhibition, pick up some fine china, and end the day on a hearty note with a generous portion of wild boar as you sip a glass of Pinot Noir.
		Top it off with a cup of Luxembourg’s fine coffee and a slice of cake at one of the city’s many patisseries.
		Luxembourg is a hiker’s paradise, and there are countless opportunities to witness its many assets on foot.
	www.visitluxembourg.com /sites-attractions.htm (1603 words)

	information about Luxembourg, complete guide for Luxembourg, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		History : Luxembourg has historically experienced commercial prosperity as well as regular military incursions and occupations.
		Luxembourg owes its continued existence to a mixture of good fortune and good diplomacy, which have prevented it from being permanently absorbed into the territories of its larger neighbours.
		By the time that Luxembourg's independence was finally confirmed in 1867, however, the Grand Duchy was left with such a tiny territory that its people had to look across its borders for economic survival.
	destinia.com /guide/the-world/europe/luxembourg/1-30004-30132/16/en (427 words)

	Luxembourg History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		David Heal’s passionate accounts of the history of this steadfast region will give you insight to everywhere you walk.
		David Heal has lived in Luxembourg for 27 years and has been researching its history for over 20 years.
		The author of several hundred articles on the subject, he is currently researching a book on the start of WWI as it affected the country.
	users.skynet.be /seconddegree/Courses/luxembourg_history.htm (127 words)

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