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Topic: History of Niger

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	NIGER, country, Africa. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Niger is extremely arid except along the Niger River in the southwest and near the border with Nigeria in the south, where there are strips of savanna.
		Niger has a very limited transportation network; there is no railroad, and most of the country’s all-weather roads are confined to the south and southwest.
		Niger achieved full independence on Aug. 3, 1960, and Hamani Diori, the leader of the PPN, became its first president; he was reelected in 1965 and 1970.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ni/Niger.html (1246 words)

	Niger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Niger was an important economic crossroad,and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		Niger is a landlocked nation in West Africa located along the border between the Sahara and Sub-Saharan regions.
		Fourteen percent of Niger's GDP is generated by livestock production--camels, goats, sheep, and cattle--said to support 29% of the population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Niger (4486 words)

	History - Niger - Africa
		During the Middle Ages the Niger region was on the central caravan route from North Africa to the Hausa states and the empires of Mali and Songhai.
		Niger was one of six sub-Saharan nations affected by a five-year drought, which was broken by summer rains in 1973.
		Accused of corruption and of mishandling the famine, Diori was overthrown in a military coup d’etat in April 1974.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/niger/history.htm (865 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Niger (History) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It borders on Mali in the west and north, on Niger in the northeast, on Benin in the southeast, and on Togo, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire in the south.
		Mali is bordered on the north by Algeria, on the east and southeast by Niger, on the south by Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire, and on the
		Invasive Aspergillus niger with fatal pulmonary oxalosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/09255.html (763 words)

	Travel in Niamey Niger History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Niger (country)- NIAMEY CAPITAL (French Rιpublique du Niger), republic in western Africa, bounded on the north by Algeria and Libya, on the east by Chad, on the south by Nigeria and Benin, and on the west by Burkina Faso and Mali.
		From 1927 to 1958 it served as capital of the autonomous Niger Territory.
		In the process, most of the Niger's water evaporates or is absorbed by the ground, leaving the river much diminished in size beyond the inland delta.
	www.africatravelling.net /niger/niamey/niamey_history.htm (371 words)

	History of Niger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Long before the arrival of French influence and control in the area, Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai Empire, Mali Empire, Gao, and Kanem-Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		For its first 14 years as an independent state, Niger was run by a single-party civilian regime under the presidency of Hamani Diori.
		Niger • Nigeria • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe • Senegal • Seychelles • Sierra Leone • Somalia • South Africa • Sudan • Swaziland • Tanzania • Togo • Tunisia • Uganda • Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) • Zambia • Zimbabwe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Niger (1265 words)

	Niger History & Niger Culture \| iExplore.com
		Niger is one of the world’s poorest countries, with a per capita annual income of around US$200.
		Niger’s most valuable commodity is its uranium deposits – the country is one of the world’s largest producers.
		Niger is a member of the West African trading bloc, ECOWAS, as well as various other regional bodies concerned with economic co-operation.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Niger/History (1083 words)

	Niger Profile
		Until recently, this part of Niger was considered to be the "useful" part of the country, in contrast with the austere and inhospitable desert areas.
		Niger is situated in one of the sunniest regions of the world, and has a mainly dry climate with considerable temperature variations.
		Niger, at the crossroads between Arab-Berber Africa and Sudan-Sahelian Africa is a crucible where people of diverse origins have lived together for thousands of years.
	www.nigerembassyusa.org /profile.html (4262 words)

	History of Niger
		Long before the arrival of French influence and control in the area, Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		In addition to conferring French citizenship on the inhabitants of the territories, the 1946 French constitution provided for decentralization of power and limited participation in political life for local advisory assemblies.
		In 1974, a combination of devastating drought and accusations of rampant corruption resulted in a military coup that overthrew the Diori regime.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/niger.html (906 words)

	Meteoroloo.com :: Niger - niger jokes
		The longest border lapis niger is Chad to the east, at 1,175 km.
		It is niger famine a charter member of the African Union and the West African Monetary Union and also belongs to the Niger River and Lake Chad Basin Commissions, the Economic Community of West African States, the Nonaligned Movement, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.
		The remainder of Nigeriens are nomadic or semi-nomadic the river niger livestock-raising peoples--Fulani, Tuareg, Kanuri, Arabs, and Toubou.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-countries-m-r/Niger.html (4076 words)

	Niger: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fossil remains found in the Niger region indicate that it was inhabited in prehistoric times and later populated by many different nomadic and trading peoples.
		When it broke its colonial ties, Niger was the poorest country in French West Africa, with 80 per cent of the population living in rural areas with persistent drought, soil erosion and population pressure which threaten the countryâs agriculture and ecology.
		In October Niger held the first round of general elections and, in the second round in November, retired military officer Tandja Mamadou, of the MNSD, was victorious over his rival, former prime minister and parliamentary leader Issoufou Mahamadou.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=105 (1988 words)

	Niger (04/06)
		As a reflection of Niger’s increasing population, the unicameral legislature was expanded in 2004 to 113 deputies elected for a 5-year term under a majority system of representation.
		Niger maintains an embassy in the United States at 2204 R Street, NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel.
		The 15% of Niger's land that is arable is found mainly along its southern border with Nigeria.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm (4241 words)

	History of Niger - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Considerable evidence indicates that about 60,000 years ago, humans inhabited what has since become the desolate Sahara of northern Niger.
		Niger's colonial history and development parallel that of other French West African territories.
		History of Niger, Pre-colonial Niger, Colonization, Early independence, Democracy, Military dictatorship, Modern-day Niger, Timeline and Former French colonies.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Niger (1205 words)

	Bala Usman, History and the Niger Delta By By Ben Naanen
		Naanen is a Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
		It is superfluous going into the history of the individual groups as some of those who have responded to Usman have demonstrated the weakness of his thesis in respect of certain groups.
		Second, that the oil located in the Niger Delta is the result of a geological process that took place on the upper reaches of the Niger and Benue and as such it is the people upcountry that should actually lay claim the oil in the Niger Delta.
	www.waado.org /NigerDelta/Essays/BalaUsman/BenNaanen.html (3595 words)

	Niger — Infoplease.com
		Niger, in West Africa's Sahara region, is four-fifths the size of Alaska.
		Niger found itself a pawn in the war against Iraq when both the U.S. and Britain claimed that Iraq sought to buy uranium from Niger, citing this as evidence that Saddam Hussein was reconstituting his country's nuclear weapons program.
		Niger's anguish: the people of Niger, the world's second-poorest country, are used to struggle.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107843.html (999 words)

	Famine in Niger - the horror of capitalism
		The immediate response of the people of Niger to these inhuman economic policies dictated by IMF was to come out on one of the most historic street protests ever seen in the history of Niger, led by the working class.
		The response of the regime was to imprison the leaders of the opposition movement and to press on with the IMF measures.
		Niger, along with eight other African countries in the region, is having its troops trained by the US military for “extended desert and border operations” to supposedly head off infiltration by international terrorist groups.
	www.marxist.com /famine-niger-horror-capitalism241005.htm (775 words)

	Africa > Niger > Country Information > History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Niger was colonised by the French in 1922 but got some of its autonomy back by the end of World War II, and in 1958, it became an autonomous state of the French Overseas Community.
		Niger became fully independent only in 1960 but the years following independence were years of political turmoil and instability.
		The first president was ousted by the military in a coup in 1974, an event that was to repeat itself again in 1996 and 1999.
	www.journeymart.com /DExplorer/Africa/Niger/ciHistory.htm (236 words)

	Niger Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		TWO Italian tourists freed in Libya after being kidnapped in August in Niger denounced their captors today as bandits and said they were mistreated during their ordeal.
		Niger detained two former education ministers on Saturday to await trial on charges of embezzling hundreds of thousands of dollars belonging to the impoverished African state, a magistrate said.
		Super Eagles Beat Mena of Niger Rep 2-0 From Chris Garba, Abuja T wo goals in each half was all the Super Eagles of Nigeria could manage over visiting Mena of Niger Republic in the first match of the 2008...
	www.topix.net /world/niger/pr (1637 words)

	Niger
		Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		French West Africa was administered from Paris through a governor general at Dakar, Senegal, and governors in the individual territories, including Niger.
		A further revision in the organization of overseas territories began with the passage of the Overseas Reform Act (Loi Cadre) of July 23, 1956, followed by re-organizational measures enacted by the French Parliament early in 1957.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Niger.html (344 words)

	Niger Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		Niger could be the place at the beginning of the end of the world.
		Security forces are active against armed groups in the Air Massif, Tenere and Kaouar regions in central Niger.
		Disclaimer: We've tried to make the information on this web site as accurate as possible, but it is provided 'as is' and we accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by anyone resulting from this information.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/africa/niger (185 words)

	ICE Conflict Case NIGER
		In Niger alone, there are several diverse ethnic groups which live in three different climactic zones in Niger.
		Niger's agricultural policy is to achieve food self-sufficiency regardless of climate changes.
		Archeologists working in the Middle Niger region of West Africa have come across evidence of social clusters of communities that are grouped around Timbuktu, but were not an integrated community.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/niger.htm (1891 words)

	Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The museum itself is history, a vibrant colonial stylecitadel commanding superb views of Calabar and the Calabar River.
		The Museum, overlooking the river, encases the history of the local Ibibo people plus an important collection of wooden Ekpo memorial carvings that portray the male ancestors of the Ibibo people, believed to be two to three centuries old.
		The Emir's Palace in Kano is the past incarnate with its old stone walls and entrance gate, at the heart of this ancient city, encircled by a wall that extended 17.7km in circumference, with 16 different gates.
	www.nigeriaembassyusa.org /history.shtml (4242 words)

	Niger, country, Africa: History
		In E Niger, Bilma, a salt-mining center, was on another important trans-Saharan route that linked N Africa with the state of
		empire (centered at Gao on the Niger River in present-day Mali), and after the fall of Songhai at the end of the 16th cent.
		Niger's agriculture was hurt by a major locust outbreak and drought in 2004, leading to famine and a need for international food aid in 2005.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0860001.html (771 words)

	Niger Travel Guide \| Niger Travel Information Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Until the 19th century, power in the region was based on control of the great trans-Saharan trade routes, mostly dominated by the Hausa Kingdom until the advent of European traders.
		Then colonised by the French, Niger was part of French West Africa until 1958, and achieved independence in 1960.
		Behind environmental and governmental crises, however, are the faces of Niger's ordinary people, who exude exceptional politeness and affability.
	www.worldtravelguide.net /country/199/country_guide/Africa/Niger.html (491 words)

	Books on Niger History - UK Bookshop
		Nomads of Niger is more than just a coffee-table book; it is also an informative and highly entertaining account of the lives, customs, rituals, and taboos of the Wodaabe reminiscent of the best of National Geographic magazine.
		Although the floodplain of the Niger river lies far from the goldfields, the mosaic of peoples along the Middle Niger created a wealth in grain, fish and livestock that supported some of Africa's oldest cities, including Timbuktu.
		These ancient cities of the region that came to be known as Western Sudan were founded without outside stimulation and their inhabitants long resisted the coercive, centralized state that characterized the origins of earliest towns elsewhere.
	www.uk-bookshop.com /history/niger.htm (847 words)

	Niger - Republic of Niger - Country Profile - Western Africa
		Despite the fact that the country has some of the world's largest uranium deposits, Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world, a landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops and livestock.
		Brief overview of the history, current enrollment, governance, administration, research and publications of the Niger's higher education institutions.
		History of Niger, the site is created by historians from West African universities.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/niger.htm (834 words)

	Crocodilian Species - Black Caiman (Melanosucus niger) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		niger is severely depleted in over half of the countries in which is occurs, and considered to be depleted in the rest.
		Population dynamics, ecology and conservation of the fl caiman, Melanosuchus niger in Ecuadorian Amazonia.
		Growth rates of fl caiman, Melanosuchus niger, and the spectacled caiman, Caiman crocodilus, and the recruitment of breeders in hunted caiman populations.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /cnhc/csp_mnig.htm (860 words)

	Niger on the Internet
		A list of Niger newspapers, on microfilm, held by the Center for Research Libraries in Chicago can be found through the Foreign Newspaper Database.
		Has a government directory, travel, history, geography, photographs, the Parc National du W du Niger, the Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves, and more.
		There is a 48 page paper, in French, "Le Parc National du W du Niger, Réserve de Biosphère,"on why the Region du W should be a biosphere reserve.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/niger.html (2717 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Niger, ToC
		Niger Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford
		Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Niger, from Kirken i Norge
		Samuel Decalo, Historical Dictionary of Niger, Methuen : Scarecrow 1979, 358 pp.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/westafrica/xniger.html (189 words)

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