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Topic: History of Papua New Guinea

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	Papua New Guinea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Independent State of Papua New Guinea (informally, Papua New Guinea or PNG) is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the Indonesian provinces of Papua (Indonesian province) and West Irian Jaya (Irian Jaya Barat) occupy the western half of New Guinea).
		Papua New Guinea is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state.
		New Guinea is part of the humid tropics, and many Indomalayan rainforest plants spread across the narrow straits from Asia, mixing together with the old Australian and Antarctic floras.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papua_New_Guinea (2095 words)

	Papua New Guinea (09/05)
		The term "New Guinea" was applied to the island in 1545 by a Spaniard, Íñigo Ortiz de Retes, because of a fancied resemblance between the islands' inhabitants and those found on the African Guinea coast.
		Papua was administered under the Papua Act until the Japanese invaded the northern parts of the islands in 1941 and began to advance on Port Moresby and civil administration was suspended.
		New governments are protected by law from votes of no confidence for the first 18 months of their incumbency, and no votes of no confidence may be moved in the 12 months preceding a national election.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2797.htm (4334 words)

	About Papua New Guinea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Papua New Guinea is the Eastern part of this diamond shaped mountainous island.
		The postwar swing to de-colonize birthed scores of new independent nation states and at the end of this era in 1975 The Independent State of Papua New Guinea was born.
		Papua New Guinea is a nation of 800 nations or languages and to this end they have traditional structures of discipline and order in their villages.
	www.livingwatermission.org /About_Papua_New_Guinea.htm (1671 words)

	Status of biodiversity in Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea is much better known than Irian Jaya for most (but not all) organisms — a factor which complicates analyses of endemism and distribution patterns.
		Papua New Guinea is impoverished in terms of the range of mammalian orders compared to South-East Asia (nine orders of mammals found there which are lacking in Papua New Guinea).
		The freshwater fish fauna of New Guinea is particularly susceptible to the effects of introduced fish species because of the lack of specialisation.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/9468/papua_ng.htm (9225 words)

	AllRefer.com - Papua New Guinea : History (Pacific Islands Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Papua, the southern section of the country, was annexed by Queensland in 1883 and the following year became a British protectorate called British New Guinea.
		The northern section of the country formed part of German New Guinea from 1884 to 1914 and was called Kaiser-Wilhelmsland.
		Occupied by Australian forces during World War I, it was mandated to Australia by the League of Nations in 1920 and became known as the Territory of New Guinea.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PapuaNew-history.html (336 words)

	History of Papua New Guinea
		Archeological evidence indicates that humans arrived on New Guinea at least 60,000 years ago, probably by sea from Southeast Asia during an ice age period when the sea was lower and distances between islands shorter.
		Papua was administered under the Papua Act until it was invaded by the Japanese in 1942 and civil administration suspended.
		Papua New Guinea became self-governing in December 1973 and achieved independence on September 16, 1975.
	www.worldrover.com /history/papua_new_guinea_history.html (871 words)

	An Introduction to Papua New Guinea
		Papua New Guinea occupies the eastern half of the rugged tropical island of New Guinea(which it shares with the Indonesian territory of Irian Jaya) as well as numerous smaller islands and atolls in the Pacific.
		Papua New Guinea's climate is tropical, as one would expect in a country located just south of the Equator.
		Because New Guinea's terrain is marked by imposing mountains and extremely rugged territory, different population groups developed in virtual isolation.
	www.interknowledge.com /papua-newguinea (595 words)

	Papua New Guinea History & Papua New Guinea Culture \| iExplore
		Although Papua New Guinea has been described as ‘a mountain of gold floating on a sea of oil’, it is a poor country and most of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture.
		Papua New Guinea boasts the largest known supply of low-grade copper, the entire production of which is exported to Western Europe and Japan under long-term contract, and accounts for three-quarters of the country’s export earnings.
		Papua New Guinea’s attempts to develop a tourist industry have been undermined by a lack of basic infrastructure and, more importantly, political stability.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Papua+New+Guinea/History (1119 words)

	Papua New Guinea Tourism Promotion Authority - PNG Tourism News December 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lying barely south of the equator, Papua New Guinea is the biggest island in the Pacific and is 160 kilometers north of Australia.
		The 5,190,786 people that inhibit Papua New Guineas total land area of 470,000 square kilometers are mostly of Melanesian origin with traces of Polynesians and Micronesians in parts of the coastal provinces.
		Papua New Guineans pride in their countrys wild beauty, breathe taking landscapes, and fascinating flora and fauna, including some of the worlds most rear species of bird, such as the Bird of Paradise PNGs proud national symbol.
	www.pngtourism.org.pg /news/newsletters/newsletterdec.htm (2268 words)

	The New York Agreement, Rome Memorandum of Understanding and Indonesian Opinion on West Papua History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The implementation of the content and spirit of the New York Agreement was monitored by the international community, thus proving it was not engineered by the parties involved in the dispute, Indonesia and the Netherlands.
		The New York Agreement was composed such as to ensure the transparency of the implementation of the act of free choice, by encompassing the elements of advice, assistance, and participation of the United Nations and UN reports to the international community by way of the UN General Assembly.
		For, it left out the unsettled question of West New Guinea was to be resolved within a period of one year after the transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia through peaceful negotiations between the Government of Indonesia and the Netherlands.
	www.westpapua.net /docs/nya.htm (6959 words)

	Papua New Guinea Country Guide - History and Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since then, Papua New Guinea’s domestic politics have been dominated by the struggle between Chan, Somare and the third major political figure of recent times, Mekere Morauta, leader of the People’s Democratic Movement (PDM), which was formed from dissidents of both PPP and the country’s third main political party, Pangu Pati, in 1992.
		Papua’s fortunes have improved little in the last few years however, and the country now seems indefinitely caught up in the spiral of inter-communal violence and economic decline which afflicts much of the south-west Pacific.
		At the end of 2003, the Australian government, which is now asserting itself as a regional power, arranged for the despatch of 300 police and security officers to Papua: it was made clear to the government in Port Moresby that continuing Australian financial aid was conditional of their accepting the security package.
	www.worldtravelguide.net /data/png/png580.asp (821 words)

	WWII, Dog platoon at Driniumor river. War in the Pacific
		New Guinea is the world's second largest island (after Greenland), 342,000 sq.
		New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world, with about 1,000 separate languages.
		New Guinea is covered with thick vegetation known as "jungle rain forest" similar to the smaller islands of that general area of the South Pacific, notably New Britain, Guadalcanal and the Bismarck Archipelago.
	www.kilroywashere.org /003-Pages/BillGarbo/BillGarbo.html (1388 words)

	Highlands Art of New Guinea on Tribalarts.com
		The island of New Guinea has long been visited by European traders seeking the plumes of the bird of paradise.
		Unlike the coastal regions of New Guinea--particularly among the Asmat, Sepik River, and Papuan Gulf cultures--where the strength and spectacle of the culture is represented in the architecture and abundant carved images, Highlands artworks are less conspicuous and more transitory.
		Aufenanger, H. "The Gerua Cult in the Highlands of New Guinea." Anthropos 60 (1965).
	www.tribalarts.com /feature/highlands/index.html (3591 words)

	Papua New Guinea -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wife beating and modernization: the case of Papua New Guinea.
		Papua New Guinea elementary teacher education: mixed mode teacher training for 16 000 village teachers.
		Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare arrives at the Chilean presidential palace for the last session of annual summit meetings of APEC
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/PapuaNew_History.asp (673 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Papua New Guinea
		Other descriptions of History of Papua New Guinea
		5 The Territory of Papua and New Guinea
		U.S. State Department Background Note: Papua New Guinea
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Papua-New-Guinea (1081 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		New Guinea and some of Papua were invaded by Japanese forces in 1942.
		In 1997, Papua New Guinea's government hired South African mercenary soldiers to fight on Bougainville in order to end the long-running crisis, but this action led to massive demonstrations and the mercenary contract was rescinded.
		Papua New Guinea: History - History Papua, the southern section of the country, was annexed by Queensland in 1883 and the...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107875.html (964 words)

	University Of Papua New Guinea Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Papua New Guinea Business Directory - Papua New Guinea's top website, featuring travel and tourism, business and friendly forums for wantoks and friends in PNG and overseas.
		The University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) was established by ordinance of the Australian administration in 1965.
		The University of Papua New Guinea Act No.18, 1983 bill repealed the old Ordinance was passed by the National Parliament in August 1983.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/University_of_Papua_New_Guinea (404 words)

	Papua New Guinea Country Guide - Overview - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Papua New Guinea consists of over 600 islands and lies in the middle of the long chain of islands stretching from mainland South East Asia.
		Lae is Papua New Guinea's second city and an important commercial centre and seaport.
		Around the Chambri Lakes many species of birds for which Papua New Guinea is famous are to be found, including egrets, pied herons and kingfishers.
	www.worldtravelguide.net /data/png/png.asp (237 words)

	Destinations: Australia, South Pacific \| CDC Travelers' Health
		Japanese encephalitis, Papua New Guinea or the Islands of Torres Strait in Australia.
		Papua New Guinea has risk in all areas under the elevation of 1800 meters (5906 feet).
		Japanese encephalitis is present in Papua New Guinea and the Torres Strait and far northern Australia.
	www.cdc.gov /travel/austspac.htm (1778 words)

	Papua New Guinea Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Varirata National Park, Papua New Guinea's first such park, has a variety of interesting and clearly...
		Papua New Guinea is a raw land, remarkably untamed and as variegated as swamp and jagged limestone; mud and moss forest; suffocating heat and Highland chill; plumed, pearl-shelled villagers and prosaic hill people; tiny tree kangaroos and enormous Queen Alexandra Birdwing butterflies.
		Petty crime, banditry and isolated instances of violence concentrated in Port Moresby, Lae and other urban centres in the Highlands province remain the principal risks to travel in Papua New Guinea.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /destinations/australasia/papua_new_guinea (179 words)

	Tok Pisin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is known as Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea, Bislama in Vanuatu, and Pijin in Solomon Islands.
		When Papua New Guinea (PNG) was born in 1975, Tok Pisin was recognized in the constitution as an important language of the new country.
		Today Tok Pisin is the lingua franca of the entire country of Papua New Guinea, known by an estimated three quarters of the country's four million inhabitants.
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/tokpisin.htm (2057 words)

	Oceania in Numbers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Self-governing in free association with New Zealand, this group (240 square kilometers, 93 square miles) of 15 widely scattered islands was first visited by Capt. James Cook in 1773.
		New Zealand is a parliamentary democracy modeled on that of the United Kingdom; it has been a self-governing British dominion since 1907 and became a founding member of the British Commonwealth in 1926.
		Papua New Guinea seeks foreign investment to finance industry and hydropower projects; in the past decade Australian aid has shrunk from a third to less than a fifth of the national budget.
	www.zenit.org /english/oceania/oceania.htm (3433 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Papua New Guinea Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		First Arrivals Archeological evidence indicates that humans arrived on New Guinea at least 60,000 years ago, probably by sea from Southeast Asia during an iceage period when the sea was lower and dist...
		History of Papua New Guinea Article - ipedia.com
		On November 6, 1884, a British protectorate was proclaimed over the southern coast of New Guinea (the area called Papua) and its adjacent islands.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_papua_new_guinea.html (1082 words)

	Papua Bird Club - Birdwatching tours & vacations in West Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia
		Papua is the land of Birds of Paradise, Pesquet's Parrots, Fig and pygmy Parrots, Fruit doves, and many others.
		Papua offers some of the best birding in the world.
		Located on the western half of the island of New Guinea, (the world's second most largest island,) Papua still provides many areas that await exploration.
	www.papuabirdclub.com (336 words)

	Lost World Arts. Tribal art of New Guinea, a gallery of Oceanic masks and sculpture
		Occupying the western half of this huge landmass is the remote Indonesian province of Irian Jaya; the eastern half composes the mainland of the independent nation of Papua New Guinea.
		Geographically New Guinea is a land of contrasts.
		The indigenous flora and fauna are sources of both inspiration and materials for the diverse art forms of New Guinea.
	www.lostworldarts.com /new_page_2.htm (1635 words)

	Kokoda Trail Treks Kokoda Track Treks Papua New Guinea PNG
		Linking the South and North coasts of Papua New Guinea, it is a challenge to be enjoyed by all fit trekkers.
		Papua New Guinea World War II Battle Sites Tour This is the ultimate in War tours in PNG.
		Immerse yourself in the cultures of traditional village life, marvel at the size and magnitude of the rainforests and mountains, enjoy adventure rafting on the swift flowing rivers to discover waterfalls, crocodiles and people living in harmony with their land.
	www.kokodaspirit.com (848 words)

	The Why Files \| Tsunamis in the news
		On July 17, three huge waves smashed across the northeast shore of Papua New Guinea, a Pacific island nation with a mountainous spine and hundreds of indigenous tribes.
		A young tsunami survivor is loaded on a rescue plane as he calls for his mother at the destroyed village of Sissano, Papua New Guinea on July 19.
		Although Papua New Guinea has no tsunami warning system, there would not have been time to issue a warning in any case.
	whyfiles.org /068tsunami (1155 words)

	Pacific Theatre
		Once the Allies became strong enough to threaten their perimeter from several directions, the advantage would be lost, since Japan did not have and could not produce enough planes and ships to defend in force at all points.
		While MacArthur pushed along the New Guinea coast, preparing for his return to the Philippines, Nimitz crossed the central Pacific, via the Gilberts, Marshalls, Marianas, Carolines, and Palaus.
		Once the Marianas were taken, it would be possible to use them as bases from which the new long-range B-29 bombers could strike at the heart of Japan.
	www.worldwar2history.info /Pacific (947 words)

	Papua New Guinea - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		LOCATION and GEOGRAPHY: Papua New Guinea is located in the South West Pacific Ocean on the eastern half of the island of New Guinea.
		It is bound by the Gulf of Guinea and the Coral Sea to the south, Indonesia to the west, the Solomon Sea to the east and the Bismarck Sea to the northeast.
		CLIMATE: Papua New Guinea has a monsoonal climate characterized by high temperatures and humidity throughout the year.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/papuanew.htm (1172 words)

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