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Topic: History of parapsychology

	Parapsychology at Franklin Pierce College 1993
		Parapsychology, was (and still is today) very controversial and was not only studied by people of interest, but also by medical scientists.
		This was when the word, "Parapsychology" became known to the U.S. Rhine introduced the term to the United States in the early 1930's, he adopted it from the German parapsychologies as a scientific term for the field that had been called psychical research.
		Throughout history there are many noted scientists, mediums, and researchers that have given an insight to the field of parapsychology.
	www.fpc.edu /pages/Academics/behave/psych/web93-1.htm (4688 words)

	Wikinfo \| Parapsychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parapsychology is the branch of science concerned with the study of mental phenomena, whether actual or purported, that are not currently explainable within the framework of mainstream, conventional science.
		As the word for the field indicates, parapsychology is sometimes considered a sub-branch of psychology, and this arose historically since it involves the study of apparently mental faculties.
		In its modern form, parapsychology is an interdisciplinary field, which has attracted physicists, engineers, and biologists as well as psychologists and those from the softer sciences, many of whom have less regard for the mental aspects than an interest in the implications for all fields if psi phenomena should ever gain widespread acceptance.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Psychic (2906 words)

	Parapsychology Encyclopedia Article @ PsychicWatch.com (Psychic Watch) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parapsychology is difficult to define because of the lack of theoretical understanding of the subject matter.
		Nobel Laureates have been of the belief that the field of parapsychology is worthy of funding and study.
		Parapsychology is also seen as a taboo subject in science and the academy, and individuals who show an interest in studying psychic phenomena, even from a skeptical point of view, often find themselves losing or being pushed out of employment, or denied funding.
	www.psychicwatch.com /encyclopedia/Parapsychology (3026 words)

	History of Parapsychology in Austria
		At that period, Continental European parapsychology was dominated by the superior personality [35] of Munich-based researcher Albert von Schrenck-Notzing, who later devoted one volume each out of his many publications to the phenomena of Willy and to the mediumship of Rudi.
		Zoë, Countess Wassilko-Serecki (1897 – 1978) [slide # 11] was later to become the driving force of parapsychology in Austria, she also was the motor for the establishment of an association or society devoted to the investigation of paranormal phenomena.
		Besides his powerful character as such (see Walther [1960]), his dominating influence on the parapsychology of his day was twofold, [i] scientifically by his many publications on experiments with mediums, by improving the methodology, and, last not least, by formulating (together with Ochorowicz, Geley, and Richet) the paradigm of physical mediumism of his day, i.e.
	www.parapsychologie.info /history.htm (7131 words)

	Psychic \| Psychic Practitioners
		Psychic (Parapsychology) is the study of the evidence involving phenomena where a person seems to affect or to gain information about something through a means not currently explainable within the framework of mainstream, conventional science.
		As its name indicates, parapsychology is sometimes considered a sub-branch of psychology, and this has arisen historically since it involved the study of apparently mental faculties.
		The "Rhine revolution" had three aims: First to provide parapsychology with a systematic, progressive program of sound experimentation, progressive in the sense of trying to characterize the conditions and extent of psi phenomena rather than merely trying to prove their existence; Second, to gain academic status and scientific recognition.
	www.getalternativemedicine.com /psychic.htm (1398 words)

	CRL Parapsychology FAQ
		Writing for such a broad audience is a challenge, because gaining an appreciation of parapsychology today requires at least a passing knowledge of a wide range of topics, including statistics, experimental design, quantum mechanical theory, the sociology and philosophy of science, history of parapsychology, and the scientific literature on parapsychology.
		Parapsychology is the scientific and scholarly study of certain unusual events associated with human experience.
		Parapsychology is also often linked, again inappropriately, with a broad range of "psychic" entertainers, magicians, and so-called "paranormal investigators." In addition, some self-proclaimed "psychic practitioners" call themselves parapsychologists, but that is not what we do.
	paranormal.se /faq/para1.html (2007 words)

	History of parapsychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was during this time that the term 'parapsychology' largely replaced the term 'psychic research'.
		The "Rhine revolution" had three aims: First to provide parapsychology with a systematic, progressive program of sound experimentation, by trying to characterize the conditions and extent of psi phenomena rather than merely trying to prove their existence; Second, to gain academic status and scientific recognition.
		Rhine also helped found the Journal of Parapsychology in 1937, which remains one of the most respected journals in the field today, and the Parapsychological Association in 1957, the foremost professional body of parapsychologists today, that was accepted into the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1969.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_parapsychology (973 words)

	New Thought and Parapsychology
		Parapsychology or psychical research is sometimes defined as the scientific study of a certain class of events, now widely called ‘paranormal’.
		Parapsychology, on the other hand, restricts itself to the study of ways of gaining knowledge or affecting the world around us that do not involve the five normal senses.
		The aims of the study of parapsychology, according to Griffin, are to determine whether these paranormal events are genuine, and if so, how they occur, both in terms of a philosophical understanding of their nature and a scientific understanding of any laws that they may reflect.
	www.neweverymoment.com /articles/article/3114323/45540.htm (3358 words)

	Scott Teresi - Essay on the Current State of Parapsychology Research
		The history and public perception of paranormal studies will be briefly examined, as well as the role of the media, as a reflection of society, in perpetuating certain beliefs.
		Parapsychology can’t be considered a fully-developed science as long as it lacks some agreed upon theories which would provide acceptable explanations for its data.
		Many skeptics maintain that the history of psi experiments continues to repeat itself—one experiment produces successful results and appears to prove psi’s existence, but then replicability becomes a problem as holes are discovered, the method is improved, the experiment is redone, and the traces of psi disappear.
	teresi.us /html/writing/psi.html (5346 words)

	Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology - Ingo Swann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Swann's active participation in parapsychology research began in 1969 when he was 36 years old.
		He especially noticed that while parapsychology researched the existence of paranormal phenomena (such as ESP, telepathy, and psychokinesis), there was little interest in the mental processes involved in producing evidence of them.
		Many analysts of science and parapsychology generally concede that his work and the high levels of official sponsorship it obtained gradually influenced positive reevaluations of the validity of psi in human experiencing.
	www.rviewer.com /IngoSwann_encyclopedia.html (1115 words)

	Replication and Meta-Analysis in Parapsychology
		Parapsychology, as this field is called, has been a source of controversy throughout its history.
		Parapsychology had its beginnings in the investigation of purported mediums and other anecdotal claims in the late 19th century.
		Recent experiments in parapsychology tend to use more complex target material than the cards and dice used in the early investigations, partially to alleviate boredom on the part of the subjects and partially because they are thought to "more nearly resemble the conditions of spontaneous psi occurrences" (Burdick and Kelly, 1977, page 109).
	anson.ucdavis.edu /~utts/91rmp.html (11451 words)

	Short History of Parapsychology in Germany
		Further development in scientific parapsychology was interrupted by the Nazi government; academic supporters of the field had to retire, and “official” activities were forbidden.
		With the help of the estate of the Swiss biologist/parapsychologist Fanny Moser (1872-1953), he was able to begin a new effort to organize parapsychological research on a scientific basis, which finally led to the establishment of a chair for “Grenzgebiete der Psychologie” (Border Areas of Psychology) which existed at Freiburg University from 1954 to 1998.
		In 1981 the “Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Parapsychologie” (WGFP) [Scientific Society for the Advancement of Parapsychology] was founded, and in 1989 it established, under the direction of physicist and psychologist Walter v.
	www.pflyceum.org /86.html (1209 words)

	Jessica Utts Home Page: 1991 Replication and Meta-Analysis in Parapsychology: Menu for paper, commentaries and rejoinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parapsychology, the laboratory study of psychic phenomena, has had its history interwoven with that of statistics.
		Many of the controversies in parapsychology have focused on statistical issues, and statistical models have played an integral role in the experimental work.
		Returning to parapsychology, a particular experimental regime is examined by summarizing an extended debate over the interpretation of the results.
	anson.ucdavis.edu /~utts/91a-menu.html (221 words)

	parapsychology
		Parapsychology is the search for paranormal phenomena, such as ESP and psychokinesis.
		All the other sciences have led us away from superstition and magical thinking, while parapsychology has tried to find a scientific basis for divination, magical powers, and spirits.
		Much parapsychology today attempts to find statistical oddities that can't be explained either by the laws of chance or by any other known natural causes.
	skepdic.com /parapsy.html (1280 words)

	FAQ
		Writing for such a broad audience is a challenge because gaining an appreciation for the science underlying modern parapsychology requires at least a passing knowledge of statistics, experimental design, modern physics, sociology and philosophy of science, history of parapsychology, and the scientific literature on parapsychology.
		For hardened skeptics, or people whose knowledge of parapsychology is based solely upon the skeptical literature, we felt it was important to address the fact that despite the wishful thinking of confirmed skeptics, there is in fact substantial, scientifically persuasive empirical data available.
		Many scientists have viewed parapsychology with suspicion because the term has come to be associated with a huge variety of mysterious phenomena, fringe topics, and pseudoscience.
	www.deanradin.com /para1.html (2693 words)

	About the Bolton Fellowship - Parapsychology Foundation -
		Heather Wolffram was granted a Ph.D. in History from the University of Queensland in September 2005 for her dissertation On the Borders of Science: Psychical Research and Parapsychology in Germany, c.
		She is currently lecturing in the history of medicine at the University of Queensland, Australia.
		Wolffram’s doctoral thesis is a study of psychical research and parapsychology in Germany during the Imperial and inter-war periods.
	www.parapsychology.org /dynamic/040302.html (466 words)

	Parapsychology and the Paranormal: A Core Library of Twenty Books
		Also, criticisms by the skeptical are presented, and the status of parapsychology as a scientific enterprise is assessed.
		Representative cases of children, research methods used, analyses of the cases and of variations due to different cultures, and the explanatory value of the idea of reincarnation for some unsolved problems in psychology and medicine are reviewed.
		It combines a detailed history of parapsychology and psychic research with a broad view of the current status of the field.
	www.blavatskyarchives.com /parapsychologybooks.htm (2680 words)

	Amazon.com: Parapsychology: Books: Richard S. Phd Broughton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		His careful, low-key survey of modern parapsychology ranges from psychic dreams and apparitions to out-of-body experiences, reincarnation and investigations of ghosts and hauntings.
		Broughton, research director of the Institute for Parapsychology in North Carolina, presents an impressive array of documented evidence suggesting that psychic phenomena may be authentic.
		I enjoyed the references to the relativity theory in relation to psi phenomena, the history of parapsychology,the names of prominent people in parapsychology,the different experimental methods used through the history of parapsychology,and that the book was so contemporary.
	www.amazon.com /Parapsychology-Richard-S-Phd-Broughton/dp/0345379586 (1304 words)

	NYPL, Occult Sciences and Parapsychology Research Guide
		Natural and supernatural: a history of the paranormal from the earliest times to 1914 (London: Hoddler and Stoughton, 1977) JFE 78-2766.
		A history of the exploration of consciousness and paranormal phenomena from prehistoric times through the 20th century.
		Both editions are valuable for insights into the development of the science of parapsychology.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/grd/resguides/occult/history.html (199 words)

	Parapsychology FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parapsychology is also often linked, again inappropriately, with a broad range of "psychic" entertainers, magicians, and so-called "paranormal investigators." In addition, some self-proclaimed "psychic practitioners" call themselves parapsychologists, but that is not what we do, as this FAQ will help to clarify.
		First, the media and much of the public often confuse parapsychology with sensational, unscientific beliefs and stories about "the paranormal." This widespread confusion has led many scientists to simply dismiss the field as being unworthy of serious study, and thus they think it is not worth their time to examine the existing evidence.
		In 1985 the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology was established in the department, from a bequest from the author, Arthur Koestler, and his wife, Cynthia.
	lkm.fri.uni-lj.si /xaigor/slo/parafaq.htm (7458 words)

	Parapsychology & the Occult - ELi Research Guides - UWF Libraries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This extensive work is divided into eleven broad categories and covers such topics as the history of parapsychology, research methods, altered states of consciousness, parapsychological models and theories, fields related to parapsychology, and perception and communication.
		This extensively-researched, yet concise, scholarly work presents a case for the "reappraisal of the marginal status of occult spiritualities in relation to Western intellectual and cultural history." Eight chapters follow an introduction and discuss such topics as nature, science, magic, the body, health and death, society, religion, and history, as they pertain to occult thought.
		The organization also serves as a clearinghouse for information on the science of parapsychology and psychical research, including grants for study and research in the field of parapsychology.
	www.lib.uwf.edu /eli/Social/Parapsychology.shtml (2228 words)

	Blog #8 02/23/06 Growing Your Own Branch of Parapsychology's Family Tree
		The lack of coursework/directed readings was apparent even at the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at the University of Edinburgh in the mid-1990s where I completed my residency for a Ph.D. in psychology with a thesis that focused on criticism and response in the English-language academic parapsychology literature.
		A lack of basic literacy in psychical research and parapsychology is very apparent in the way in which the disinterested use (or abuse) accepted standards of methodology, and the subtlety (or not) of how they interpret their data.
		John Beloff’s Concise History ties it all together, emphasizing those threads of our history that have led to modern research concerns, and capping that tale off with a brief listing of what was, in the early 1990s, present-day academic parapsychology.
	www.pflyceum.org /106.html (4715 words)

	Precognition, Parapsychology and Foresaw Information Portal @ Foresaw.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There is disagreement within parapsychology as to the existence of precognition and the validity or interpretation of precognition related experiments.
		Parapsychology is the study of the evidence involving phenomena where a person seems to affect or to gain information about something through a means not currently explainable within the framework of mainstream, conventional science.
		Parapsychology Foundation - A not-for-profit grant-making foundation which provides a support for the scientific investigation of psychic phenomena.
	www.foresaw.org (2190 words)

	Peter Mulacz
		Prof Peter Mulacz is the Vice President and Secretary General of the Austrian Society for Parapsychology and Border Areas of Science which he manages as its Executive Director.
		He is a member of the American Society for Psychical Research, New York, of the Society for Psychical Research, London, and of the Austrian Society for the History of Science and he participates in Roger Nelson's 'Global Consciousness Project’.
		He is an Affiliate of the Parapsychology Foundation and an Editorial Consultant of the European Journal of Parapsychology.
	www.parapsych.org /members/p_mulacz.html (368 words)

	Encounters with Parapsychology
		In these excerpts she discusses the unconscious nature of psi phenomena in spontaneous cases and in the laboratory and gives us a look at some of the cases that must be accommodated in future theory.
		Its operating subsidiaries are the Institute for Parapsychology and the Parapsychology Press.
		Perhaps in the future he will be better remembered as a lay scientist who, with his wife as his subject, performed one of the most important experiments in the early history of parapsychology.
	www.ramcconnell.com /encounters.htm (2258 words)

	The Best Case for ESP? (Generation sXeptic)
		Even parapsychology's strongest supporters and most recognized researchers admit that the field is riddled with inferior research methods and standards, plagued by a chronic inability to replicate supposedly groundbreaking findings, and characterized by shifting tides of paradigmatic experimental designs and theories on how to test, identify, verify, explain, and define psi phenomena.
		Hyman's criticisms of the ganzfeld studies and parapsychology in general range from the heavily methodological to the philosophical and epistemological.
		The history of parapsychology has not offered much hope that future generations will witness the scientific confirmation of psychic ability, but the prospect remains provocative and tantalizing to the imagination.
	www.csicop.org /genx/ganzfeld/index.html (3048 words)

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