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Topic: History of Prussia

	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the late 18th century the expanded Prussia dominated North Germany politically, economically and in terms of population size, and was the core of the unified German Empire formed in 1871.
		Prussia greatly expanded its territories to the east during the Partitions of Poland between 1772 and 1795.
		Prussia's democratic constitution was suspended in 1932 as a result of a coup by Germany's conservative Chancellor Franz von Papen, marking the effective end of German democracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Prussia (2243 words)

	Kingdom of Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire.
		With the exception of Prussia proper, all of Brandenburg's lands were a part of the Holy Roman Empire, by this time under the all but hereditary nominal rule of the House of Habsburg.
		As a result of Prussia's defeat at Jena and Auerstädt, King Friedrich Wilhelm III lost all his lands west of the Elbe River; the remainder of the Kingdom was occupied by French troops.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Kingdom_of_Prussia (1129 words)

	Prussia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 1618 the duchy of Prussia passed through inheritance to the elector of Brandenburg, and in 1660, by the treaty of Oliva, full independence from Polish suzerainty was confirmed to Frederick William, the Great Elector.
		Prussia was fortunate to possess, at this low ebb in its history, such able and energetic reformers as Karl vom und zum Stein, Karl August von Hardenberg, and Wilhelm von Humboldt.
		Prussia was forced to send auxiliary troops for Napoleon’s 1812 campaign in Russia, but late in the year Yorck von Wartenburg concluded a separate truce with Russia, and in 1813 Prussia joined the coalition against France.
	bartleby.com /65/pr/Prussia.html (1895 words)

	A Brief History of Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The area known as Prussia was inhabited in early times by West Slavic tribes, ancestors of the modern Poles, in the West, and Baltic tribes, closely related to Lithuanians, in the East.
		Prussia was divided into Royal Prussia in the west and Ducal Prussia in the east.
		Prussia's power grew and in 1772, under King Friedrich II (Frederick the Great), consisted of the provinces of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Danzig, West Prussia and East Prussia (modern day East Germany, northern Poland, and a small portion of the Soviet Union).
	www.kolpack.com /packnet/prussia.html (425 words)

	Prussia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The name Prussia derives from the (A German inhabitant of Prussia) Prussians, a (A branch of the Indo-European family of languages related to the Slavonic languages; Baltic languages have preserved many archaic features that are believed to have existed in Proto-Indo European) Baltic people related to the (A native or inhabitant of Lithuania) Lithuanians.
		Prussia obtained a semi-democratic constitution, but the grip of the landowning classes (the (Member of the Prussian aristocracy noted especially for militarism) junkers) remained unbroken, especially in the eastern parts.
		Prussia's democratic constitution was suspended in 1932 as a result of a (A brilliant and notable success) coup by Germany's conservative (The honorary or titular head of a university) Chancellor (Click link for more info and facts about Franz von Papen) Franz von Papen, marking the effective end of German democracy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/prussia.htm (2070 words)

	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Being predominantly a north and east German state, Prussia had a large Protestant majority, although there were substantial Catholic populations in the Rhineland; also a number of districts East Prussia, Posen, Silesia and West Prussia had populations of predominantly Catholic Poles (and some areas, such as the East Prussian Ermland, of Catholic Germans).
		De jure, Prussia continued to exist as a territorial unit until the end of the war, but in practice the "Gaue" of the Nazi Party organization were the building blocks of the Nazi state.
		These expulsions, together with the nationalisation of land by the Communist regime in the German Democratic Republic, destroyed the junkers as a class and marked the effective end of Prussia as a social and political entity; the GDR bureaucracy is seen by many as a "Red" continuation of the Prussian tradition, however.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Prussia (2183 words)

	West Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1657 Poland lost the northwestern fragments of Royal Prussia which were taken by Brandenburg (marked in blue on the map) and later bacame part of Pomerania.
		The province of Royal Prussia was mostly inhabited by Catholics of Polish (or Cashubian) ethnicity and a significant German (partially Lutheran) minority, which was predominant particularly in the cities, as Gdansk (German: Danzig) and Torun (Thorn).
		The areas of the former West Prussia east from the Vistula River (shown in green and pink) also remained German and were incorporated into East Prussia.
	www.polishroots.org /genpoland/westpr.htm (338 words)

	History of PRUSSIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since 1525 part of Prussia, on the Baltic, has been a hereditary duchy belonging to the Hohenzollern family, but they have held it only as a fief of the Polish crown.
		Ducal Prussia, by contrast, is largely German - as a result of German settlers being brought there in the 13th century to till the soil and to control the pagan Prussians.
		The isolation of the Germans in ducal Prussia is irrelevant while Europe still has the patchwork allegiances of feudalism.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa54 (390 words)

	Prussia -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, under his rule and that of his successor, Frederick William III (1797-1840), Prussia underwent a period of eclipse as a result of the French Revolutionary Wars and the wars of Napoleon I.
		Finally, in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), the North German Confederation overwhelmed France, and in 1871 William I of Prussia was proclaimed emperor of Germany.
		King of Prussia Chamber of Commerce at Valley Forge Announces Annual Excellence Awards Recipients to be Honored at Banquet on April 28, 2004.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Prussia_History.asp (2188 words)

	East Prussia on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		East Prussia, as the original Prussia came to be called, from 1701 to 1945 shared the history of Prussia.
		East Prussia bordered on Poland and Lithuania in the south and east and stretched to Memel and the Baltic Sea in the north and northeast.
		At the Potsdam Conference (1945), East Prussia was divided by two transfers; the transfers were made permanent by treaties between West Germany and Poland and the USSR that were signed and ratified between 1970 and 1972.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/EastP1rus.asp (1019 words)

	Austria and Prussia: German History
		The rivalry came to form the so-called dualism of the empire, that is, the presence in it of two powerful states, neither of which was strong enough to dominate the empire and for that reason sought the support of smaller states.
		Prussia's increase in size and influence may be attributed to a succession of capable leaders, all of whom enjoyed long reigns.
		Prussia accepted many Protestants expelled from other states, most notably the Huguenots who fled France after the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/history/bl_austria_prussia.htm (594 words)

	AllRefer.com - William I, emperor of Germany and king of Prussia (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		William I 1797–1888, emperor of Germany (1871–88) and king of Prussia (1861–88), second son of the future King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg.
		Opposition to the king's and Bismarck's military program was suppressed, and in 1864 Prussia began its career of military conquest in the war with Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein.
		William I commanded in person in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, received the surrender of Napoleon III at Sedan, and was proclaimed (Jan. 18, 1871) emperor of Germany in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles (see Germany).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Will1Ger.html (452 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Brandenburg-Prussia, General Observations
		The history of Brandenburg is dominated by two dynasties, the Askanier Dynasty which created the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and the Zollern Dynasty (rechristened Hohenzollern Dynasty by historians of the nationalistic-romanticist 20th century) which turned Brandenburg- Prussia into a military and later also political great power.
		Accounts of the History of Brandenburg-Prussia therefore tend to shift focus; in chapters dealing with the earlier history, the focus is on the two nuclei of the later great power - the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the state of the Teutonic Order, centered on East Prussia.
		For these, in a complex state such as 19th century Prussia, the territory rather than the frequently changing borders of a state seems to be the appropriate object of observation; after all, the state of Prussia has vanished; the territories (although not without changes) are still there.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/bragenobs.html (359 words)

	Prussia -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Ducal Prussia and the Kingdom of Prussia, to 1786.
		The electors of Brandenburg (who from 1701 were the kings of Prussia) considered a rigidly centralized government a means of ensuring stability and furthering dynastic objectives.
		He was given the usual military training of a prince of Prussia and at the age of 18 took part in the final...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061665?tocId=9061665 (581 words)

	Prussia : History of Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, the ideal of Prussia as the "true" Germany exists even today among some Germans, though most associate this particular aspect of Prussia's history with an anti-democratic, militaristic past.
		Still others choose to emphasize Prussia's role in the Enlightenment, when it was a home to artists and intellectuals; how the term "Prussia" is used today therefore depends much on context.
		People inhabiting those lands from at least 5th century BCE spoke a variety of languages belonging to the western branch of the Baltic language group, whose modern representatives are Latvian and Lithuanian.
	www.eurofreehost.com /hi/History_of_Prussia.html (634 words)

	History of Prussia - Castles of Poland
		The history of Prussia can be divided into four periods.
		This is the end of the first period of the history of Prussia.
		The towns and castles are being built on the remains of Prussian settlements.
	www.castlesofpoland.com /prusy/historia_en.htm (318 words)

	Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1618 the Duchy was inherited by the Elector John Sigismund of Brandenburg, who with approval of Polish crown was at the same time ruler of Prussia and Brandenburg, a German state centered on Berlin and ruled since the 15th century by the Hohenzollern dynasty.
		During this period the formidable Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were founded, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
		History of the World History of the United States History of Europe Ancient History History Military History
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Prussia.htm (2218 words)

	North European History Collection Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Department of History offers courses on all historical periods of German-speaking Europe, emphasizing social, intellectual, and cultural history.
		Austrian, Swiss, Low Country and Scandinavian history is held and collected at a 3 level, but German history is a solid 4.
		Other strengths: the Thirty Years' War, the history of Prussia, the unification of the German states, the history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and twentieth-century history.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/cdnortheuropeanhistory.html (322 words)

	ipedia.com: Kaliningrad Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Königsberg became one of the biggest cities and ports of Ducal Prussia, which now perhaps was considered by some as one of the members of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with considerable autonomy, a separate parliament, and currency.
		Anna, daughter of Duke Albrecht Friedrich of Prussia (reigned 1568-1618), married Elector Johann Sigismund of Brandenburg, who was granted the right of succession to Ducal Prussia on his father-in-law's death in 1618.
		By the act of coronation 1701 in Königsberg, the Hohenzollerns became kings of Prussia, finally independent from the Polish king, and in 1795 under Napoleon Prussia resigned from the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
	www.ipedia.com /kaliningrad.html (1163 words)

	H-Net Review: Andre Wakefield on The Rise of Prussia, 1700-1830 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prussia always seems to be rising--not a bad trick for an officially dead and defunct state.
		By framing the history of Prussia as the prehistory of modern Germany, the subject takes on a special luster, as if we might glimpse the greatness and tragedy of later German history in its Prussian embryo.
		"Prussian urban history," she writes, "needs to deconstruct the stereotypical image of smooth absolutist state-building on the one hand, and on the other the paradigm of a 'backward,' self-interested, defensive and stubborn burgher-society, naturally opposed to the intrusive centralized state" (p.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=92931058322037 (978 words)

	Prussia in History and Prussian Historic Events in the Arkansas Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Arkansas Arkansas History ...
		The historical identity of Prussia proper lies within the Baltic borders of the Prussian amber coast (from Hel to Klaipedia).
		Brandenburg's power was declared defunct post-facto in 1947 by the Allied victors of World War II and Prussia was to all intents and purposes "deleted".
		The major Part of north-east Prussia with the port Königsberg went to Russia becoming an enclave and colony on the Baltic coast -regardless of the fact that the territories were not even connecting- out of fear that Prussia might be too much of a temptation to Germany.
	rageontheriver.8m.com /partagas.html (1869 words)

	Germany Info: Culture & Life: History: Features: Prussia
		Perhaps less well known are the ideals of religious and ethnic tolerance and intellectual exchange furthered by early Prussian rulers such as Frederick William, the Great Elector (1620-1688), Frederick William I (1713-1740), and the ever-popular Frederick the Great (1740-1786).
		Prussia became a safe haven in much the same way that the United States welcomed immigrants seeking freedom in the 19th century.
		While the once sprawling state of Prussia no longer exists - Prussia as an entity within Germany was dissolved in 1947 - its leaders left an enduring legacy that still enriches the German culture and landscape.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/culture/history/prussia.html?PHPSESSID=c91e30ae47034b7e9606d2722497e5e6 (468 words)

	German History
		One of the most significant figure of the German history and founder of many German cities.
		The power balance shifted as Prussia rose out of the Brandenburg march, until a Prussian led German Empire was created.
		These are wonderful historic texts featuring German history starting from German origins and Martin Luther, through Bismarck and Economic Miracle, and to re-unification and Gerhard Schroeder.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/links/history.htm (658 words)

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