History of Puntland

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Topic: History of Puntland

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	Somalia
		Territorial Disputes: Internationally recognized as part of Somalia; territorial dispute with Puntland over eastern Sanaag and Sool provinces; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities to land-locked Ethiopia and establish commercial ties with regional states; "Puntland" secessionists clash with "Somaliland" secessionists to establish territorial limits and clan loyalties, each seeking support from neighboring states.
		Territorial Disputes: Internationally recognized as part of Somalia; territorial dispute with Somaliland over eastern Sanaag and Sool provinces; "Puntland" secessionists clash with "Somaliland" secessionists to establish territorial limits and clan loyalties, each seeking support from neighboring states.
		Somalia, formed by the merger of the colony
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Somalia.html (1823 words)

	Puntland Politics: The verdict is in !! Arta Should be stopped now:
		The core difference between Abdullahi Yusuf and his opponents in Puntland lay in their conceptualization on the events and history that led to where Puntland is of today.
		For a long time they were convincing themselves that Puntland problems is in their leader’s staunch opposition to them when fact is that the public of these regions are not willing to accept centralist view!
		Any reasonable politician would have encouraged the local political process of Puntland.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archivemay01/010708201.htm (1052 words)

	Somalia: History
		The northeast (Puntland) section of the country also had stablilized, with local clan leadership providing some basic services and foreign trade being carried on through its port on the Gulf of Aden.
		Yusuf, a former general who had served as president of Puntland, and the parliament are to serve for five years.
		Coastal areas of Somalia, particularly in Puntland, suffered damage and the loss of several hundred lives as a result of the Dec., 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0861179.html (1450 words)

	BBC NEWS World Africa Country profiles Country profile: Somalia
		Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a former leader of the semi-autonomous Somali region of Puntland, was chosen by Somalia's interim parliament as the country's new president in October 2004.
		In 1977, with the help of Soviet arms, Somalia attempted to seize the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, but was defeated thanks to Soviet and Cuban backing for Ethiopia, which had turned Marxist.
		After the collapse of the Siad Barre regime in 1991, the north-west part of Somalia unilaterally declared itself the independent Republic of Somaliland.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/africa/country_profiles/newsid_1072000/1072592.stm (895 words)

	Somalia encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Somalia politics and officials, Somalia History. Travel to Somalia
		De facto authority resides in the hands of the governments for the unrecognized entities of Somaliland, Puntland, and other rival warlords.
		Somalia encyclopedia : Cultural Information, Maps, Somalia politics and officials, Somalia History.
		Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: Ø§ÙØµÙÙØ§Ù, As-Suumaal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in East Africa.
	www.somaliaiworld.com (282 words)

	Somalia
		The TNG does not recognize Somaliland or Puntland as independent republics but so far has been unable to reunite them with the unstable regions in the south; numerous warlords and factions are still fighting for control of Mogadishu and the other southern regions.
		The plight of the Agro-pastoral Society of Somalia (by Mohamed Haji Mukhtar)
		First institution of higher learning in Somalia after years of war
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/somalia.htm (325 words)

	Galkayo - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Gaalkacyo is the second largest city in Puntland, Somalia, with an estimated population of 190,000.
		Gaalkacyo is home to president Abdullahi Yusuf of Puntland.
		It is located in southern Puntland, and remains one of the most developed cities in the region, after Boosaaso.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Galkayo (85 words)

	Myth making in Somaliland
		Somaliland to the North East or Puntland part of the so called “South” then we see clearly that Puntland has enjoyed longer periods of peace and when there was conflict it was relatively small in scale compared to the North West.
		Somaliland supporters always bring up two key points of British colonial period and the civil war, in which there is no history before the British colonial experience that makes them different from us.
		The period of British rule was unique that it was a time of shame for the Somali people to be mastered by foreigners in their own land.
	www.mudugonline.com /2004/july/200704aragti2.htm (1404 words)

	Somalia: History
		Yusuf, a former general who had served as president of Puntland, and the parliament are to serve for five years.
		Coastal areas of Somalia, particularly in Puntland, suffered damage and the loss of several hundred lives as a result of the Dec., 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami.
		Between the 7th and 10th cent., immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians established trading posts along Somalia's Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean coasts; Mogadishu began its existence as a trading station.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861179.html (1404 words)

	Arab Gateway: Somali history and politics
		Principles and position of the Puntland State of Somalia [puntland.net]
		When clan violence in 1992 threatened international relief efforts in Somalia, a US-led coalition was sent in to provide relief for thousands of Somalis who were caught up in the civil war.
		A report by Charles Haviland of the BBC on the first 10 years in the life of the self-declared Republic of Somaliland.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/countries/somalia/politics.htm (1404 words)

	Africa 2001
		Although the year began with news that the economy was slowly recovering, it ended with a bleak United Nations assessment that Somalia was on the brink of an economic collapse unmatched in its modern history.
		In early July, a messy power struggle erupted between Puntland president Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf, who refused to leave office at the end of his term, and Chief Justice Yusuf Haji Nur, who claimed to be the "legitimate authority" in the breakaway region.
		Free-lance journalist Abdi was arrested and detained in the Bay Region capital, Baidoa, by members of the Rahanwein Resistance Army (RRA), a militia that controls both the Bay and Bikol regions of Somalia.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/africa01/somalia.html (1026 words)

	The Clan politics of Puntland state:
		The history of Mogadishu in Somali politics should have rung a bell, when selecting a capital for Puntland.
		The outcome of these crises must be the negation of Garowe to be the seat of Puntland state, knowingly and predictably that might force Isa Mahamoud politicians in the mercy of C/Qasim’s hands.
		Bosaso or Galkacio should have been chosen for the capital of Puntland.
	gabanow.tripod.com /november/PuntCalan.htm (1026 words)

	Somalia: History
		Yusuf, a former general who had served as president of Puntland, and the parliament are to serve for five years.
		In 1936, Italian Somaliland was combined with Somali-speaking districts of Ethiopia to form a province of the newly formed
		A number of militias refused to recognize the new government, and officials and forces of the government were attacked several times by militia forces, and the government exercised minimal authority in the capital and little influence outside it.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861179.html (1522 words)

	Weekly Round-Up - IRINHA-147: 04-Jul-03
		Hirale claimed that Morgan was receiving support from the government of Ethiopia and the self-declared autonomous region of Puntland in northeastern Somalia.
		Eritrea is reeling from one of the worst droughts in its history, the effects of which have been exacerbated by the 1998-2000 war with Ethiopia.
		Ethiopia's envoy to the Somali peace talks in Kenya, Abdi'aziz Ahmad, told IRIN his country knew of no plan by Morgan to attack Kismayo.
	www.cidi.org /humanitarian/irin/hafrica/03b/ixl0.html (1522 words)

	Somalia Somaliland on the Internet
		"Somaliland Republic, bordered to the east by Somalia, Ethiopia to the south, and Djibouti to the west, corresponds to the former colonial territory of British Somaliland Protectorate." Has their flag, many full text articles on history, politics, the society, the civil war, economy, clanship, literature, khat, women.
		The University is located in Puntland, a self-declared semi-autonomous region of Somalia.
		Has her biography, a video of Iman's visit to Somalia with the ICRC (Red Cross) during the famine, (her first visit in 20 years), meeting her uncle in Baidoa, visiting Mogadishu, etc. includes a diary of her visit and a conversation with Sudanese model, Alek Wek.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/somalia.html (6222 words)

	afrol News - Third autonomous region breaks with Somalia
		First were north-western Somaliland (claiming permanent independence based on its earlier history as an independent state) and northeaster Puntland, which does not accept the TNG government and has gone temporarily independent.
		"Southwestern Somalia" is the third region to break with Mogadishu after the collapse of central government there in 1991.
		After breaking with the Transitional National Government (TNG) in Mogadishu, Nur was sworn in as President of the new State of Southwestern Somalia.
	www.afrol.com /News2002/som004_southwest.htm (565 words)

	Part III: Evolutionary Stress on Tribal Society
		Here tribal chaos has developed hooves and horns in a structure of deceptive permanence, as the “beloved” bloody colonel prepares the people of Puntland as a fodder for upcoming imminent tribal wars.
		A bird’s eye view of recent world history clearly reveals that tribal societies have already become extinct or are at the verge of extinction in North America, Australia and in many Latin American countries.
		The slave trade that nearly emptied the continent of its population was facilitated by the tribal nature of African society that rendered the continent susceptible to the divide and rule tactics of the colonizer.
	www.hiiraan.com /2005/july/op/Abdishakur_Jawhar_PartThree.htm (1606 words)

	Agenzia Fides - AFRICA/SOMALIA - election of new President of Somalia could mark a turning point in the this country’s tormented history. An expert analysis for Fides
		On 10 October in Nairobi (Kenya) the parliament of Somalia elected as its president Abdullahi Yusuf, the President of the north east autonomous region of Puntland.
		The election of Abdullahi Yusuf as President of Somalia, opens the way for inserting warlords in the process of restoring peace in this country of Africa” researcher Federico Batter, an expert on Somalia and chair of African History at Trieste University, told Fides.
		Since his attempt to be elected President succeeded, Yusuf probably thinks it would be possible to insert the warlords who control the different parts of Somalia into the political process.
	www.fides.org /eng/news/2004/0410/12_3284.html (451 words)

	OGADEN ONLINE
		That is why, upon the disintegration of the country into clan-dominated enclaves, the Dhulbahante and Warsangeli formed the Puntland Regional Administration together with their Harti and Darod clansmen in the northeast.
		Their territory was occupied by Britain only after a long and bitter armed struggle lasting almost a quarter century, and with the end of the occupation, they were only too glad to regain their freedom and to rejoin their kinsmen on the other side of that unnatural, European-imposed barrier.
		They base their extrme position on resentment of the treatment their people rceived at the hands of the former government, but that government is no longer in place.
	www.ogaden.com /Sland's_Grand_Delusions.htm (1426 words)

	Awdalnews
		It is not clear how the Colonel would manage to redraw the century-old colonial boundaries or rewrite the history of these people but what is clear is that the basis of his claims are at best ludicrous and at worst infantile.
		At the moment, Dhulbahante and Warsangali have more than their fair share of representatives in both houses (35 members in total) on top of the administrative and ministerial portfolios.
		Many believe that Somaliland can still guarantee to provide Sool people for their fair share of the national cake in terms of financial resources and development projects if they are equally prepared to show their allegiance to Somaliland.
	www.awdalnews.com /wmview.php?ArtID=2354 (3721 words)

	Africa 2001
		Although the year began with news that the economy was slowly recovering, it ended with a bleak United Nations assessment that Somalia was on the brink of an economic collapse unmatched in its modern history.
		Puntland, on the other hand, was by far the most volatile region of Somalia.
		This was because the U.S. government had severed telephone and e-mail communications to Somalia as part of its global war on terrorism.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/africa01/somalia.html (1026 words)

	Somaliland Web
		It is not the first time in history that people from that province within somalia have attempted or even asassinated a democraticaly elected somali president.
		In the 60s the former president of Somalia Mr Abdirashid Sharmaarke was asassinated by his own clan members now "puntland" a part of the former Somalia.
		On the 7th of dec group of armed shiftas attempted to asassinate the President of the Democratic Republic of Somailand.
	www.geocities.com /somalilandfr/openletterputland.html (1026 words)

	Asylum Seekers' Benefit Case Threatens Migrants Crackdown
		Despite their Darood affiliation, the main Warsengeli trading centre has historically been Ceerigaabo, a town in which members of the clan intermingled freely with the Isaaq and developed enduring social and economic ties.
		Only from 1989 onwards, when the Barre regime completed the tarmac road from Garoowe to Bosaaso, did the latter begin to rival Ceerigaabo as the focus of Warsengeli social and commercial activity.
		Suldaan Sa�id has faced a persistent challenge from his uncle, a former rival for the Suldaan�s traditional title, who has worked with only modest success to associate the Warsengeli with Puntland and Mogadishu.
	www.somalilandtimes.net /2003/90/9005.shtml (1026 words)

	Agenzia Fides - AFRICA/SOMALIA - election of new President of Somalia could mark a turning point in the this country’s tormented history. An expert analysis for Fides
		On 10 October in Nairobi (Kenya) the parliament of Somalia elected as its president Abdullahi Yusuf, the President of the north east autonomous region of Puntland.
		The election of Abdullahi Yusuf as President of Somalia, opens the way for inserting warlords in the process of restoring peace in this country of Africa” researcher Federico Batter, an expert on Somalia and chair of African History at Trieste University, told Fides.
		Yusuf won 185 votes, compared to 76 in favour of his adversary Abdullahi Ahmed Addou, former diplomat and finance minister.
	www.fides.org /eng/news/2004/0410/12_3284.html (451 words)

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Topic: History of Puntland

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