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Topic: History of Qatar

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	Qatar HISTORY
		Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation existed in Qatar for many centuries prior to the modern age; however, little is known of Qatar's history until the 18th century.
		Qatar thereupon established its independence and, in 1916, Sheikh 'Abdallah bin Jasim al-Thani signed a treaty with the United Kingdom granting British protection in exchange for a central role for the United Kingdom in Qatar's foreign affairs.
		Political openness was even extended to the media as Qatar's satellite news channel, Al Jazeera, broke a previous taboo with an open discussion and criticism of the state funding of the ruling family.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania/Qatar-HISTORY.html (1545 words)

	Qatar: History
		Around 1850: Qatar is becoming a centre for pearl extraction, with Zubara in the northwest as the main centre.
		The Qataris demanded this because of British regional dominance, Turkish weakness, and the threat from the advancing Abdul Aziz as-Saud in eastern Arabia.
		Qatar has talks with Bahrain and the Trucial States on establishing a federation.
	i-cias.com /e.o/qatar_5.htm (656 words)

	Qatar History
		The settled tribes of the Qatar area were based around the coast, and largely engaged in fishing, pearling and trade, while the nomads of the interior wandered around on a seasonal basis, and were generally left undisturbed.
		Under the terms of this treaty, Abdulla was recognised as the independent ruler of Qatar, and the hegemony of the Al-Thani was formally established.
		Qatar entered a new phase of substantial prosperity and the population benefitted from this wealth by government establishment of free housing, education and health care for all citizens.
	www.qaaf2000.com /htm/qatar_h.htm (2271 words)

	Strategic Resource Group
		Politically, Qatar is evolving from a traditional society and government departments have been established to meet the requirements of social and economic progress.
		Qatar’s economy was in a downturn from in the mid-1990s.
		Qatar’s heavy industrial projects, all based in Umm Said, include a refinery with a 50,000 b/d capacity, a fertilizer plant for urea and ammonia, a steel plant, and a petrochemical plant.
	www.srginc.org /qatar.html (1636 words)

	Qatar - Qatar Chess Association
		Although Qatar was legally a dependency, resentment festered against the Bahraini Al Khalifas along the eastern seaboard in the fishing villages of Doha and Wakrah.
		As of 2005, Qatar is ruled by Emir Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, who seized control of the country from his father Khalifa in 1995 while the old Emir was on vacation in Switzerland.
		Qatar is governed explicitly under Wahhabi law and the vast majority of its citizens follow this specific Islamic doctrine.
	www.qatarchess.com /Qatar.htm (1051 words)

	Qatargas - About Qatar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The peninsula of Qatar is located between 24° 27' and 26° 10' north latitudes and 50° 45' and 51° 40' east longitudes.
		The population of Qatar is estimated at over 600,000, the vast majority of whom live in and around the capital city of Doha.
		Qatar’s modern history begins with the emergence of the Al-Thani family rule in the 19th century.
	www.qatargas.com /about-qatar (863 words)

	A short history of Qatar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		With the appearance of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, present-day Qatar becomes in the mid seventh century part of the Caliphate.
		At the beginning of the sixteenth century, Qatar falls under the influence of the Portuguese, who succeed in establishing control over many areas in the Arabian Gulf and control trade and navigation.
		Qatar is seized by Oman in the 18th century.
	www.electionworld.org /history/qatar.htm (241 words)

	Qatar Doha Nursing Program
		Qatar forms one of the newer emirates in the Arabian Peninsula.
		The British initially sought out Qatar and the Persian Gulf as an intermediary vantage point en route to their colonial interests in India, although the discovery of oil and hydrocarbons in the early 20th century would re-invigorate their interest.
		Although Qatar legally had the status of a dependency, resentment festered against the Bahraini Al Khalifas along the eastern seaboard in the fishing villages of Doha and Wakrah.
	www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/faculties/NU/qatarnursing/about/history.htm (739 words)

	Qatar National Olympic Committee- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Qatar's relationship with the ancient Dilmun civilisation is to further study.
		Qatar was famed for its weaving and embroidery, especially its cloaks.
		Qatar has enjoyed political stability and economic prosperity since independence in 1971 and is currently evolving into and modern State.
	www.qatarolympics.org /topics/index.asp?cu_no=1&item_no=593&version=1&template_id=323&parent_id=275&temp_type=42&operation_type=8 (596 words)

	Qatar: History
		However, there is some evidence pointing in direction of Qatar being close to uninhabited for centuries, up until as recently as the 16th century.
		Around 1850: Qatar is becoming a centre for pearl extraction, with Zubara in the northwest as the main centre.
		The Qataris demanded this because of British regional dominance, Turkish weakness, and the threat from the advancing Abdul Aziz as-Saud in eastern Arabia.
	www.i-cias.com /e.o/qatar_5.htm (656 words)

	Qatar: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Qatarâs economic expansion required the large-scale immigration of foreign technical experts and workers - the former were mainly European and American; the latter Iranian, Pakistani, Indian and Palestinian.
		Qatarâs membership of the Gulf Cooperation Council was thrown into doubt when its delegation withdrew from a Council meeting in December.
		Qatar gratefully received the agreement between Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Mexico to reduce their respective oil production limits, undertaking to do the same during that year.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=126 (1883 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Qatar strategic location on the Arabian Gulf was the main reason for the seasonal migration of Arab tribes from the Arabian Peninsula and particularly from the Nejd desert.
		With the appearance of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar converted in the mid seventh century AD and had a role in the spread of Islam beyond the seas.
		Qatar then adopted a provisional constitution declaring it an independent Arab country with an official religion of Islam, using Shari’ah as the prime source of legislation and Arabic as an official language.
	www.qatar-info.com /general/history.htm (541 words)

	History of Qatar
		Qatar is an independent and sovereign State situated in the midway of the Western coast of the Arabian Gulf having a land and maritime boundary with Saudi Arabia, and also maritime boundaries with Bahrain, United Arab Emirates and Iran.
		Excavation at Al-Khore in the North-east of Qatar, Bir Zekrit and Ras Abaruk and the discovery of pottery and Flint, Flint-scraper tool, Rim of painted ceramic and vessels there indicates Qatar’s connection with the Al-Ubaid civilization which flourished in the land between the Tigris and the Euphrates during the period of 5th –4th millennium BC.
		The Modern history of Qatar began in the early 18th century; when the present Al-Thani ruling family of Qatar, which originated from the Al-Maadhid (a branch of Bani Tamim) tribe of Ushaiqir in the province of Al-Washm of Nejd, arrived in the southern part of Qatar.
	www.diwan.gov.qa /english/qatar/Qatar_History.htm (1432 words)

	Qatar - NATIONAL SECURITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Qatar sent troops to fight for Kuwait's liberation and, reversing its previous opposition to the presence of foreign forces in the region, permitted United States, Canadian, and French air force fighter aircraft to operate from Doha (also seen as Ad Dawhah).
		His mission to Bahrain and Qatar and the peace treaty that resulted were milestones in Qatar's history because they implicitly recognized the distinctness of Qatar from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Muhammad ibn Thani ibn Muhammad, an important representative of the peninsula's tribes.
		The disruption of food supplies caused by the war prolonged a period of economic hardship in Qatar that had begun in the 1920s with the collapse of the pearl trade and had increased with the global depression of the early 1930s and the Bahraini embargo.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-11043.html (3004 words)

	Qatar
		Qatar was part of a very fertile region in prehistoric times.
		Little is known of the history of Qatar until the 18th century AD when Arab Bedouins settled there.
		Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world.
	www.geocities.com /afgh_friends/q_countries.htm (259 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Qatar Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Accordingly, Qatar sought independence as a separate entity and became the fully independent State of Qatar on September 3, 1971.
		Qatar achieved full independence in an atmosphere of cooperation with the United Kingdom and friendship with neighboring states.
		Most Arab states, the U.K., and the United States were among the first countries to recognize Qatar, and the state promptly gained admittance to the United Nations and the Arab League.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_qatar.html (761 words)

	History of Qatar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The tribute ended with the occupation of Qatar by the Ottoman Turks in 1872.
		In return, the British promised to protect Qatar from all aggression by sea and to lend their good offices in case of a land attack.
		Qatar and Bahrain disputed ownership of the Hawar Islands.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/qatar.html (518 words)

	Doha 2006 - History of Qatar
		Qatar started exporting oil in 1949 which led to a massive transformation and rapid development of this Arab state.
		Qatar was a British Protectorate until 1971, when it became independent and full members of the Arab League and the United Nations.
		Qatar's move towards a modern society was highlighted by the 1999 municipal elections, where men and women were both voters and candidates - a first in the region.
	www.doha-2006.com /gis/menuroot/aboutqatar/historyqatar.aspx (247 words)

	History of Qatar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		That year, at the request of Qatari nobles, the British negotiated the termination of the Al Khalifa claim to Qatar, except for the payment of tribute.
		Accordingly, Qatar sought independence as a separate first countries to recognize Qatar, and the state promptly gained admittance to the United Nations and the Arab League.
		In 2001, Qatar agreed to give the islands to Bahrain in exchange for territorial concessions relating to previous Bahrain claims on mainland Qatar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Qatar (601 words)

	Qatar History \| iExplore.com
		The families that rule the northern Arabian Gulf states are, almost without exception, descended from migrants from the central region of the Arabian peninsula in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
		Qatar was also one of the instigators of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), inaugurated in 1981, which has become the principal regional trade and security bloc.
		Qatar played a low-key role in the Iran-Iraq war, generally on the side of Iraq, and was an active participant in the multinational alliance assembled to liberate Kuwait in 1990.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Qatar/History (976 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was with the unification of these and other maritime settlements around the coast of Qatar in the 19th century that the modern history of Qatar began.
		Qatar was proclaimed independent when the British left the Gulf area in 1971, and it then joined the United Nations.
		On July 2, 2002 the chairman of the 32-man committee appointed by the emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, to draft a permanent constitution for the emirate, presented the document to the ruler.
	www.qcci.org /about_qatar/history.htm (552 words)

	NATO Parliamentary Mediterranean Group Meeting----
		As part of the wider Middle East, Qatar and its capital are a particularly appropriate setting for a discussion of this diverse range of topics.
		The geographer Ptolemy depicted “Qatara” on his map of the Arab World; this is believed to refer to the town of “Zubara”, known to have been one of the most important trading ports in the Gulf region at the time.
		Qatar played an important role in Islamic civilization when its inhabitants participated in the formation and provision of the first naval fleet, which was assembled to transport the army during the Islamic conquests.
	www.nato-qatar.com /news3.html (1232 words)

	Records of Qatar 1820-1971 Archive Editions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Records show how the turbulence of the nineteenth century, with Qatar at the mercy of tribal migrations and invasion and occupation by the Wahhabis and the Turks, is replaced in the early twentieth century by increasing stability and territorial integrity, permitting the administrative development of the modern state.
		Khaur al-'Udaid was the centre of a long-standing dispute between Qatar and Abu Dhabi caused by the migration of the Qubaisat section of the Bani Yas from Abu Dhabi in 1835.
		The triumph was a landmark in Qatari history and began the decline of Ottoman influence in Qatar.
	www.archiveeditions.co.uk /Leafcopy/RecsQatar.htm (1734 words)

	University of Qatar - SLOPOS-10
		Qatar was the centre for pearl diving which constituted an important part of the country's economy.
		The State of Qatar is a sovereign independent country situated half-way along the west coast of the Arabian Gulf.
		The national flag of Qatar is Maroon color with a broad vertical white strip at the pole, the two colors being separated with a nine-point serrated line.
	www.qu.edu.qa /home/SLOPOS10/aboutq.htm (558 words)

	Qatar History \| wen_04_package.xml
		Qatar also includes a number of islands, of which the most important is Halul.
		Qatar's capital city, Doha, is located on the Persian Gulf coast.
		Life in the seas around Qatar is considerable and varied, including prawn, king mackerel, shark, grouper, and swordfish.
	www.bookrags.com /history/qatar-wen-04 (403 words)

	Qatar: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Qatar was once controlled by the sheikhs of Bahrain, but in 1867, war broke out between the people and their absentee rulers.
		Qatar: Economy - Economy Qatar imports the majority of its food, although livestock and fruits and vegetables are...
		Qatar: a desert kingdom on an oil-rich peninsula, Qatar is a progressive Arab state made prosperous by the export of fossil fuels.......
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107901.html (713 words)

	Qatar (10/06)
		Qatar plays an active role in the collective defense efforts of the Gulf Cooperation Council (the regional organization of the Arab states in the Gulf; the other five members are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the U.A.E., and Oman).
		Qatar currently exports 14 million metric tons per annum (mmta) of natural gas, and it expects to reach 77 mmta of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports by 2010, thus becoming the largest natural gas exporter in the world.
		Qatar's heavy industrial base, located in Umm Said, include a refinery with a 140,000 bpd capacity, a fertilizer plant for urea and ammonia, a steel plant, and a petrochemical plant.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5437.htm (2859 words)

	Explore Qatar - Facts & Figures - History - Rulers of Qatar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Al-Thani family arrived in Qatar in the early years of the 18th century and initially settled in the northern part of the peninsula.
		The son of Sheikh Mohammed, Sheikh Qassim is considered the founder of the Emirate of Qatar and is referred to as such in the Ottoman archives in Istanbul.
		Fully committed to her husband's vision of Qatar as a prosperous, confident and sustainable society, Sheikha Mozah works to promote the development of Qatar and the wellbeing of its people.
	www.explore-qatar.com /rulesofqatar.html (620 words)

	Explore Qatar - Facts & Figures - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Archaeological digs have shown that the Qatar peninsula was inhabited during the Stone Age, when the region's climate was milder than it is today.
		For most of its recorded history, Qatar has been dominated by the Al-Thani family, who arrived from the central region of the Arabian peninsula in the mid-18th century, when Qatar was already well established as a pearling centre, and became the peninsula's rulers about 100 years later.
		In April 2003 - at about the same time that Qatar was playing host of a US Central Command military base, a vital role in the invasion of Iraq - Qataris approved a new constitution which allowed for a 45-member parliament, 30 of whom would be directly elected and the remainder to be appointed.
	www.explore-qatar.com /history.html (676 words)

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