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Topic: History of Romania since 1989

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	Romania - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Romania borders Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
		The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the Moldavian domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
		Romania is a semi-presidential democratic republic where executive functions are shared between the president and the prime minister.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Romania (5287 words)

	Romania: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Romania changed sides and joined the Allies, but its role in the defeat of Nazi Germany was not recognized by the Paris Peace Conference of 1947.
		Romania was proclaimed a republic, and remained under direct military and economic control of the USSR until the late 1950s.
		Since then there have been three democratic changes of government: in 1996, the democratic-liberal opposition and its leader Emil Constantinescu acceeded to power; in 2000 the Social Democrats returned to power, with Iliescu once again president; and in 2004 Traian Băsescu was elected president, with an electoral coalition called Justice and Truth Alliance (DA).
	winelib.com /wiki/Romania (2884 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
		Since Mediaeval Jews shared in the continuing trade and commercial culture of the Middle East, and were often its only representatives in impoverished and ruralized Latin Europe, they became fatefully associated in European eyes with the commercial and financial practices that Europeans at once needed, wanted, misunderstood, and resented.
		Since Odoacer, de jure, was a faithful officer of the Emperor in Constantinople, one could say that the last institutional existence of the Western Empire surived until Odoacer was overthrown by the Ostrogoths in 493.
		Since Leo III is considered to have come from either Syria or the nearby Isauria, his concern about this issue is supposed to have resulted from his sensitivity to the effect of Islâmic charges on the previously Christian populations of the areas, like Syria, conquered by Islâm.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (13907 words)

	Romania (09/06)
		Romania's location gives it a continental climate, particularly in Moldavia and Wallachia (geographic areas east of the Carpathians and south of the Transylvanian Alps, respectively) and to a lesser extent in centrally located Transylvania, where the climate is more moderate.
		Romania was an ally of the Entente and the U.S. in World War I, and was granted substantial territories with Romanian populations, notably Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina, after the war.
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; an educated, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35722.htm (6943 words)

	History of Romania since 1989 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With parliamentary support from the nationalist National Unity Party of Romanians (PUNR), Greater Romania Party (PRM), and the ex-communist Socialist Workers' Party (PSM), a new government was formed in November 1992 under Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu, an economist and former Communist Party official.
		Emil Constantinescu of the Democrat Convention of Romania (CDR) won the second round of the 1996 presidential elections by a comfortable margin of 9% and thus replaced Iliescu as chief of state.
		Romania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004, and the country is scheduled to join the European Union (EU], alongside Bulgaria, in 2007.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Romania_since_1989 (1439 words)

	Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Romania consists essentially of three states north of Bulgaria: the southernmost, Walachia; to the north Moldova; and to the west Transylvania.
		At the 1878 Congress of Berlin, although Romania's independence was recognized by the Great Powers of Europe, Russia further "rewarded" Romania for its assistance against the Ottoman Empire by annexing southern Bessarabia, a province the rest of which Russia had taken in 1812.
		Following the December 1989 revolution which toppled Romania's communist regime, the new Romanian authorities promised a liberalization of policies toward minorities, in particular toward the significant Hungarian minority in Transylvania.
	www.geohistory.com /GeoHistory/GHMaps/GeoWorld/Roman.html (1803 words)

	Romania - HISTORY
		In 1881 the parliament proclaimed Romania a kingdom, and Charles was crowned in Bucharest's cathedral with a crown fashioned from an Ottoman cannon seized at Plevna.
		Romania's leaders refused to participate in the subsequent German-Soviet armistice negotiations; once the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, however, Romania had little choice but to agree to a preliminary armistice.
		Romania's occupation of Budapest deepened ongoing Hungarian bitterness at the Paris conference against Bratianu, who stubbornly opposed the partition of the Banat and provisions of the treaties guaranteeing rights of minority ethnic groups.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/romania/HISTORY.html (17588 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Romania, since 1989
		Romania joined NATO in 2004 and is scheduled to join the EU in 2007.
		In 1989, Romania had a population of 23.1 million; for 2000 it was estimated at 22.4 million.
		Romania has one of the highest birth rate figures in Europe; a considerable number of Romanians seek employment (and better pay) abroad.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/rumaniarecent.html (497 words)

	Romania Churches - United Theological Seminary, Dayton, OH
		During this recent history the communist intent was to eliminate all myth and superstition, i.e.
		The religious history of this land is as complex as any other, and made the more so by the long history of foreign domination that came even before the past sixty years.
		The Unitarians are related to the Universalist/Unitarian group in the USA but have some differences from their 400 year history out of the Transylvania sector of Romania, sensed as a more obvious Christological position and, uniquely, a church structure that is under the over-sight of a Bishop.
	www.united.edu /romania/rom-ch.shtml (971 words)

	Roman Decadence, Rome and Romania, and the Emperors Who Weren't
		Since the titular emperor was Orestes's young son, known as "Augustulus," the "little Augustus," Odoacer sent him packing to a monastery.
		Since Constantinople itself must be explained, Byzantine histories commonly begin with Constantine, often in 324, when Constantine had defeated Lincinius and acquired the East.
		The Mediaeval term Romania tended to be used in Latin to refer to the contemporary lands of the Empire, especially by the Venetians and the Crusaders who took Constantinople and then ruled, for a while, most of those lands.
	www.friesian.com /decdenc1.htm (9171 words)

	Lecture 16: 1989 -- The Walls Came Tumbling Down
		Alexandr Solzhenitsyn, the Russian novelist and critic, was arrested by Stalin in 1947, sent to the GULAG until 1956 and was later exiled from the country.
		And in 1989, Soviet responsibility was finally acknowledged for the Katyn mass murders of Polish soldiers in 1939.
		The end of the year was the final spurt of the "revolution of 1989." Romania's NICOLAE CEAUSESCU paid no attention to Gorbachev's reforms or the past events of 1989.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/lecture16.html (3973 words)

	Romania travel guide - Wikitravel
		The 1800 witnessed several turnabouts in Romanian history with the annexation of part of Moldavia by the Russian Empire and the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia to form the modern Romanian state in 1859.
		Romania's railway network is one of the largest (the 4th in Europe) and most dense in Europe, with trains servicing every town and city in the country, and the vast majority of the villages.
		The official language of Romania is Romanian, limba română, which is a Romance language and the closest contemporary spoken language to Latin.
	wikitravel.org /en/Romania (6513 words)

	Romanian Revolution of 1989 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and fighting in late December of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu.
		Romania was the only Eastern Bloc country to violently overthrow its Communist regime or to execute its leaders.
		For several months after the events of December 1989, it was widely argued that Ion Iliescu and the FSN had merely taken advantage of the chaos to stage a coup.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989 (4299 words)

	Romania - A brief history and geography, including the real Dracula
		Present-day Romania is just slightly smaller in area than Great Britain (or about the size of New York and Pennsylvania combined), with a population of about 23 million.
		Romania in its present form has been in existence only since 1859, but can trace its history to the era around 2000 B.C.E. Over its four thousand years, Romania's geographical location between western Europe and the East has forced its citizens to defend their land through almost continual wars, invasions, occupations, oppressions, and massacres.
		From 1965 to 1989, the Romanians were subjected to arguably the worst despotic regime among the Soviet Bloc countries: that of Nicolae Ceausescu who, along with his wife Elena, destroyed historical villages and buildings, confiscated essentially everything of value, and literally stole the food from his own people.
	www.catteacorner.com /romania.htm (755 words)

	The History of the Romanian Language
		Romania is unique in that it is the only Eastern Block country that speaks a Romance language.
		When the barbarous nations flooded Romania like a ravishing stream, finding the cloth of the fated language, they took the needle and, through the right of the strongest, threw here and there a string of their thick, gnarled thread.
		Since the Revolution in 1989, Romania has been opened up to a whole world that they only could have imagined before.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/romanian.html (2034 words)

	President Bush Welcomes Romania to NATO
		The people of Romania understand that aggressive dictators cannot be appeased or ignored; they must always be opposed.
		America and Romania are friends to the Russian people, and so it the NATO Alliance.
		Romania is resolute in difficulty and moving toward greater prosperity.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2002/11/20021123-7.html (885 words)

	GlobaLex - UPDATE: Doing Legal Research in Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Since these assessments are made, however, by non-Romanian consultants, their status as legislative history or even its equivalent is questionable.
		After 1989, the rules of legal practice were provided by Law no. 51 of 7 January 1995, on the profession of advocate.
		After 1989, the Romanian Parliament adopted banking laws mirroring the privatization changes, and they can be accessed on line at http://www.bnro.ro/. Currently, Romania has a national Bank and a multitude of private banks, a list of which can be found on the national Bank’s site.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Romania1.htm (4347 words)

	Romania: "Concise History of the Romanian People" from "History of the United Romanian Society"
		Romania joined Russia in the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1877-1878 and contributed decisivly to the victory against the Turks.
		Until 1918, the history of Transylvania was marked by the Romanian struggle for unification with the Romanian Kingdom.
		In December 1989, Nicolae Ceausescu, the last communist president was overthrown and after a half century of Communist exploitation and repression, the people of Romania are attempting to restructure the economy and establish a democratic political life.
	feefhs.org /ro/urs/hurs-chr.html (1182 words)

	Fall of Communism
		On the night of November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall—the most potent symbol of the cold-war division of Europe—came down.
		The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia quietly and peacefully transferred rule to Havel and the Czechoslovak reformers in what was later dubbed the “Velvet Revolution.” In Romania, the Communist regime of hardliner Nicolae Ceausescu was overthrown by popular protest and force of arms in December 1989.
		The revolutions of 1989 marked the death knell of communism in Europe.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/time/dr/17672.htm (738 words)

	GlobaLex - Doing Legal Research in Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		After 1989, Romania adopted a series of new laws in a desire to ensure the rapid change of power.
		Romania is scheduled to join the European Union with Bulgaria in 2007.
		Since 1989, political parties have become a major presence in Romanian elections.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Romania.htm (4832 words)

	Peace Corps \| Learn About Peace Corps \| Where Does Peace Corps Work? \| East Europe \| Romania
		Since the overthrow of Nicolae Ceausescu and the communist system in 1989, Romania has struggled to restructure its political, economic, and social institutions into free and democratic establishments.
		Peace Corps programming in Romania began in 1991, when 18 trainees arrived to initiate an orphanage project.
		In response to the demand for qualified English teachers in Romania, the Peace Corps, along with Romania's Ministry of Education and Research, developed an English program for secondary schools.
	www.peacecorps.gov /index.cfm?shell=learn.wherepc.easteurope.romania (339 words)

	Ceausescu's Trial - transcript Romanian Revolution December 1989 Timisoara Romania
		The prosecutor asks the counsel for the defense to ask Ceausescu whether he knows that he is no longer president of the country, that Elena Ceausescu has also lost all her official state functions and that the government has been dissolved.
		Now the counsel for the defense, who was appointed by the court, asks whether Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu know the aforementioned facts -- that he is no longer president, that she has lost all official functions.
		He answers: I am the president of Romania, and I am the commander in chief of the Romanian army.
	www.timisoara.com /timisoara/rev/trialscript.html (1776 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Eastern Europe Since 1945
		A major collection of documents on Soviet history especially as it relates to Lativia.
		In depth coverage of Balkan history from 1804 until today.
		Discussions, texts, and maps of the changes since 1989.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook50.html (566 words)

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