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Topic: History of Schleswig Holstein

	History of Schleswig Holstein
		The area settled by the Saxons was bounded by the Eider river in the north, the North Sea towards the west, and the Elbe river in the south.
		In 974 a conflict arises between the Franks and the Danes; the latter are defeated at the Danevirke, a series of ramparts begun in 737 between the Hollingstedt on the Treene river in the west and the head of the Sliefjord near Haithabu and the present-day Schleswig in the east.
		In 1260, Mechtild, the widow of Duke Abel of Schleswig, mortgages her possessions between the Eider river and the Sliefjord in favour of her brothers the counts Gerhard I and Johann I. Other areas, such as the City of Eckernförde and the Danish Wold, are mortgaged in favour of the Holsteiners.
	www.genealogy-sh.de /history/e/history.htm (3942 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein Question - LoveToKnow 1911
		His reward was the duchy of Schleswig and the famous charter, known as the Constitutio Valdemariana, which laid down the principle The Con- that the duchy of South Jutland was never to be incor- T i e Con- porated in the kingdom of Denmark or ruled by the same tit utl sovereign (7 June 1326).
		On Schleswig the Schauenburg counts had no claim; their election in Holstein would have separated the countries; and it was easy therefore for Christian to secure his election both as Char Charter of duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein (5 March 1460).
		Schleswig, until the peace, was to be administered separately, under a mixed commission, Holstein was to be governed by a vicegerent of the German empire - an arrangement equally offensive to German and Danish sentiment.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Schleswig-Holstein_Question (6275 words)

	Schleswig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Schleswig was together with Holstein the cause for several disputes between Germany and Denmark in the 19th century.
		The Duchy of Schleswig was a fief under the Danish Crown until 1864, from 1460 in personal union with Denmark.
		From 1864 Schleswig-Holstein was part of Prussia until a referendum in 1920 resulted in Northern Schleswig joining Denmark, whereas Southern Schleswig voted for staying to be a part of Germany.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/sc/schleswig.html (171 words)

	AllRefer.com - Schleswig-Holstein : History, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		A constitution for Holstein was guaranteed by the German Confederation.
		Schleswig was placed under Prussian administration and Holstein under Austrian administration, while the duchy of Lauenburg (also lost by Denmark in 1864) went to Prussia in return for a money payment to Austria.
		The Austro-Prussian War of 1866 ended with a swift (7 weeks) Prussian victory; Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg were annexed to Prussia and became the province of Schleswig-Holstein.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SchleswgH-history.html (856 words)

	History of Schleswig-Holstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Knud Lavard had also inherited parts of Holstein, and thereby come in conflict with Count Adolf in the German part of Holstein, as they both were very keen on expanding their influence and pacifying the Wagrian tribe (see: Wends).
		Holstein was Christianized, lots of the Wagrians were killed and the land was inhabited by settlers from Westphalia, Friesland and Holland.
		Ethnic-Danish citizens of Schleswig Holstein the so-called Eider-Danes, panicked over the possibility of being separated from their mother country, agitated against the German element, and demanded that Denmark declare Schleswig and Holstein, or at least Schleswig, as an integral part of Denmark.
	history-of-schleswig-holstein.iqnaut.net (1799 words)

	History of Schleswig-Holstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His reward was the duchy of Schleswig and the famous charter, known as the Constitutio Valdemariana, which laid down the principle that the duchy of South Jutland was never to be incorporated in the kingdom of Denmark or ruled by the same sovereign (June 7, 1326).
		In 1713 the regent broke the stipulated neutrality of the duchy in favour of Sweden and Frederick IV of Denmark seized the excuse to expel the duke by force of arms.
		By Article V of the Treaty of Prague Schleswig was ceded by Austria to Prussia with the reservation that the populations of the North of Schleswig shall be again united with Denmark in the event of their expressing a desire so to be by a vote freely exercised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Schleswig-Holstein (10164 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Schleswig-Holstein is drained by the Eider River, which forms the historic border between the former duchies of Schleswig (in the north) and Holstein (in the south).
		With respect to the history of Schleswig-Holstein, Lord Palmerston once proclaimed it to be so complicated that only three men had ever fully understood it—one being Prince Albert, who was dead; the second, a professor, who had become insane; the third, Palmerston himself, who had forgotten it.
		From 1773 the kings of Denmark held both duchies—Schleswig as full sovereigns, Holstein as princes of the Holy Roman Empire; both duchies were in personal union with, but not part of, Denmark.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-schleswgh1.html (1045 words)

	Denmark - History - The Schleswig Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Holstein and Lauenburg were both part of the German Confederation and were both German in linguistic and cultural terms.
		Schleswig was more divided; the majority of the landowners, town- dwellers and peasants in South Schleswig were German-speaking, whilst the North Schleswig peasants mostly spoke Danish.
		In 1863, the Danish government finally took decisive action: Holstein was separated from the kingdom and a common constitution for Denmark and Schleswig, known as the November Constitution, was passed on 13 November.
	www.um.dk /Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-8.asp (1122 words)

	Duchy Holstein
		In 974 a conflict arises between the Franks and the Danes; the latter are defeated at the Danevirke, a series of ramparts begun in 737 between the Hollingstedt on the Treene river in the west and the head of the Sliefjord near Haithabu and the present-day Schleswig in the east.
		In 1260, Mechtild, the widow of Duke Abel of Schleswig, mortgages her possessions between the Eider river and the Sliefjord in favour of her brothers the counts Gerhard I and Johann I. Other areas, such as the City of Eckernförde and the Danish Wold, are mortgaged in favour of the Holsteiners.
		The Duchies of Lauenburg and Holstein become members of the German Federation with the curious effect that the Danish king, in his capacity as the Duke of Holstein and Lauenburg, becomes a German prince.
	www.gottschfamily.net /duchy.html (3861 words)

	WHKMLA : The German-Danish War of 1864
		While the majority of the Schleswigers felt and spoke German, there were both a significant Danish minority, especially in the northern parts of the Duchy, and a Frisian minority, leaning toward the Danes.
		Schleswig was burdened with the costs of the war and with 20 million Dalers of the Danish national debt.
		According to the peace treaty, Schleswig and Lauenburg were to be administrated by Prussia, Holstein by Austria, the port of Kiel to be used by Prussian troops.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/19cen/gerdanwar1864.html (1113 words)

	Family History, Genealogy, and Family Tree Research — Genealogical.com
		This interpretation of family history fits squarely with the view that all family history is contextual, i.e., it cannot be viewed in isolation or separated from its historical framework.
		Using this oral history handbook as a guide, you will be able to record your life experiences or the experiences of your loved one(s) on tape simply by answering questions that will lead you, step by step, through the precious moments of your life.
		History matters, which is why researchers should study one or more of the excellent guidebooks available on the genealogical issues or problems associated with a certain state or nationality.
	www.genealogical.com /content/family_history.html (2912 words)

	Short History of Schleswig-Holstein
		Schleswig and Holstein were both small duchies in the Baltic region of Germany (see map).
		It was felt that Schleswig ought to be a member of the Confederation.8 Danish nationalists, on the other hand, claimed that Schleswig was Danish land and that it "must become an integral part of a Danish national state.
		Holstein refused to swear allegiance to King Christian and asked the Diet to recognize Duke Frederick and applied for admission into the Confederation for both Schleswig and Holstein.14 The German princes gave their support immediately, but Berlin waited for Otto von Bismark, the minister-president of Prussia, to move.15
	www.bothmann.org /bothmann/shthist.html (1657 words)

	Der Kieler Kreis -- Kiel
		Helgoland belonged to Holstein, 1402-1714, then to Denmark until 1807, when it was seized by Britain, to which it was formally ceded in 1814.
		The duchies of Schleswig and Holstein long figured prominently in the political history of northwestern Europe.
		In 1460 Schleswig and Holstein became allied to the Danish government during the reign of
	www.geocities.com /redmidnightcat/schleswig.htm (2247 words)

	History
		The Counties of Holstein, Dithmarschen, Wagrien and Stormarn united as the Duchy of Holstein (Herzogtum Holstein)
		Schleswig and Holstein were jointly ruled by the King of Denmark and a hereditary Duke
		The Czar of Russia acted as Duke of Holstein; Schleswig was still a possession of Denmark; The Treaty of 1765, between Russia and Denmark, gave Holstein to the King of Denmark
	www.frontiernet.net /~ioannes1/History (571 words)

	Schleswig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Schleswig or South Jutland (Danish: Sønderjylland or Slesvig; German: Schleswig; Low German: Sleswig; North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) is a region covering the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark.
		Schleswig was a Danish duchy that evolved in the 11–12th centuries.
		The title Duke of Schleswig was adopted by the kings of Denmark in 1460.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Schleswig (472 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein: History — Infoplease.com
		With respect to the history of Schleswig-Holstein, Lord Palmerston once proclaimed it to be so complicated that only three men had ever fully understood it—one being Prince Albert, who was dead; the second, a professor, who had become insane; the third, Palmerston himself, who had forgotten it.
		Schleswig was placed under Prussian administration and Holstein under Austrian administration, while the duchy of Lauenburg (also lost by Denmark in 1864) went to Prussia in return for a money payment to Austria.
		The peculiar course of German history: Edgar Feuchtwanger warns against exaggerating the extent or significance of liberalism's failure......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0860964.html (902 words)

	European Friends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As the king does not accept the petition of the assembly of the social standings both the assembly in Schleswig and Holstein dissolve, except a few Danish delegates.
		Schleswig and Holstein try to come loose from Denmark without the help of Preussen.
		The Germans united in the “Federation of Germans in northern Schleswig” and confess to the loyalty towards Denmark and the principle of the democrats.
	www.mayk.edu.hel.fi /comenius/sivu22.html (913 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein : QuicklyFind Info
		The former Duchy of Holstein constitutes the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein, whereas Southern Schleswig constitutes the northern part.
		The Duchy of Schleswig was in early medieval times split off from the Danish kingdom, also Holstein was later united in a duchy.
		Through their history they've variably retained independence, belonging to the Danish Crown and to the German Reich.
	www.quicklyfind.com /info/Schleswig-Holstein.htm (628 words)

	Eurostat
		Many centuries later the people of Schleswig in the north and those of Holstein in the south joined together.
		Schleswig-Holstein continues to act as a link and hub: the highway route to Denmark across the northern border as well as the ferry route via Fehmarn island and the ferry routes from the harbours of Kiel and Lübeck are important gateways to northern Europe, the Baltic countries and Russia.
		The north was particularly affected by the structural changes in agriculture and shipbuilding, while the south saw the establishment of a large number of businesses, due to its proximity to the Hamburg metropolis.
	forum.europa.eu.int /irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/def_geo.htm (694 words)

	Home
		The "Südschleswigscher Wählerverband” (the Voters’ Association of South Schleswig) is the political representation of the danish population and the national Frisians.
		The “Schleswigsche Sammlung “The Selection of Schleswig” (Local History) and the “Studienabteilung/Archiv” (The Study Section an Archive) dealing with studies in the field of local history are affiliated with the Central Library.
		The “Südschleswigsche Verein” (The Society of South Schleswig) is a member of the Federal Union of European Nationalities (FUEN), a union of about 70 European ethnic groups with about 100 million people, whereas the Danish Youth Association (SdU) is affiliated with the “Jugend Europäischer Volksgruppen” (JEV) (Youth of European Ethnic Groups).
	www.sydslesvigsk-forening.de /showpage.asp?ID=66 (1831 words)

	The Country \| Facts About Germany
		As early as 1460, a treaty stated that the region’s two parts, Schleswig and Holstein, should remain “forever undivided".
		The political evolution of the smallest German state (apart from the city-states) mirrors The vicissitudes of German history in the 20th century.
		After World War I, upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Versailles in 1920, this coal and steel region was detached from the German Reich and placed under the administration of the League of Nations.
	europe-chronicle.com /germany-facts/info/the-country (1388 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northern Schleswig, today the Danish South Jutland County, was ceded to Denmark after a referendum following Germany's defeat in World War I.
		Low German is spoken in most parts of the state, Danish by the Danes in Southern Schleswig, Frisian by the North Frisians at the North Sea Coast and the Northern Frisian Islands, and a special Frisian dialect called Hallun on the Island of Heligoland.
		The Duchy of Schleswig or Southern Jutland was originally an integral part of Denmark, but was in medieval times established as a fief under the Kingdom of Denmark, with the same relation to the Danish Crown as for example Brandenburg or Bavaria vis-à-vis the Holy Roman Emperor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Schleswig-Holstein (1862 words)

	The Clinton Herald, Clinton, Iowa - CCC to host Schleswig-Holstein sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hundreds of old churches are famous landmarks of the scenery of Schleswig-Holstein and form the heart of towns and cities in that region.
		This period is known as the “Golden Age” of Northfriesland’s history.
		Haithabu, located near the city of Schleswig, was one of the greatest Viking towns where traders and workmen lived.
	www.clintonherald.com /local/local_story_075113037.html (415 words)

	Lycos Search Results: results for Schleswig-Holstein
		This is a short history of Schleswig-Holstein, 1800-1870 which I wrote in 1989 to help myself figure out what went on during that time and to...
		To understand the causes of the various wars and conflicts in Schleswig-Holstein, it is necessary to understand its political developments.
		But not only this is a curious sighting of Schleswig Holstein.
	search.lycos.com /?lpv=1&loc=searchhp&query=Schleswig-Holstein (210 words)

	Genealogy in Schleswig Holstein
		Such documents exist for only about 10 percent of the emigrants; 90 percent of emigrants either never made an application or the document was lost.
		Prior to 1870 there were about 347 church parishes in Schleswig Holstein (within today's borders).
		They came from all over the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
	www.hans-peter-voss.de /gen/e (658 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein, Norther Schleswig Paper Money Index, 1920-27 Issues
		Holstein to Prussia and Austria (both came in 1866 to Prussia, and were
		The allocation of Holstein to Germany was never questioned by the Danes,
		Thus, the Schleswigers in the 19th century, were split in a camp with a
	www.numismondo.com /pm/sch (253 words)

	Humbul Record : Virtual library Geschichte
		The chronology begins with a section on prehistory/archaeology and ends with contemporary history.
		Sections include the following topics: medieval history; early modern history; Bavarian history; history of Schleswig-Holstein; East European history; Scandinavian history; and the teaching of history.
		The site is an extremely valuable resource for those working on history, especially study of the German lands.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /output/full3.php?id=4609 (190 words)

	Silk Road Project - Links - Music Organizations
		Purchase tickets, browse upcoming programs and learn about the illustrious history one of the world's great concert halls.
		Find out about upcoming concerts and shows at the Cité de la Musique in Paris, France, and even make a virtual visit to the Musée de la Musique.
		Learn about the history of Benaroya Hall or visit the Symphony Store online.
	www.silkroadproject.org /links/music_orgs.html (421 words)

	Danish Occupation of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, 1684-1689
		The Duchy of Schleswig previously had been a Danish fief.
		The Kings of Denmark regretted having had to make such a concession, and repeatedly invaded Schleswig-Holstein- Gottorf, so 1675-1679.
		England and the Dutch Republic guaranteed the sovereignty of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/hgottorp16831689.html (227 words)

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