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Topic: History of Sikkim

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	ooBdoo
		Sikkim was an independent state ruled by the Chogyal monarchy until 1975, when a referendum was held and the population voted to join India as its twenty-second state.
		Sikkim has four districts, each overseen by a Central Government appointee, the district collector, who is in-charge of the administration of the civilian areas of the districts.
		The avifauna of Sikkim is comprised of the Impeyan pheasant, the crimson horned pheasant, the snow partridge, the snow cock, the lammergeyer and griffon vultures, as well as golden eagles, quail, plovers, woodcock, sandpipers, pigeons, Old World flycatchers, babblers and robins.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Sikkim (3927 words)

	Gangtok Sikkim Hotel The Oriental India,Eastern Himalayas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sikkim fought a series of territorial wars with both Bhutan and Nepal beginning in the mid-18th century, and Nepal subsequently came to occupy parts of western Sikkim and the sub-mountain Terai.
		Incidents between the British and Sikkim led to the annexation in 1849 of the submontane regions and the subsequent military defeat of Sikkim, culminating in the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of 1861.
		A British political officer was subsequently appointed to assist the Chogyal in the administration of Sikkim's domestic and foreign affairs and, in effect, became the virtual ruler of the state.
	www.orientalsikkim.com /sikkim1.html (945 words)

	History of Sikkim
		The Dalai Lama recognized Phuntsok Namgyal as the ruler of the southern slopes of the Himalayas (Sikkim) and is also credited to have sent ceremonial present such as the silken scarf bearing Dalai Lama's seal, the mitre(hat) of the Guru Rimpoche, the devil dagger (Phurpa) and the most precious sand image of the Guru.
		Sikkim resorted to making attacks into British territories and it was in November 1860 that the British sent an expeditionary force to Sikkim.
		Nar Bahadur Bhandari being elected as the Chief Minister of Sikkim.
	sikkim.nic.in /homedept/history.htm (3443 words)

	Sikkim
		Sikkim was then a kingdom, the status of which we all jocularly equated with ‘three hills’ and ‘three women’.
		Sikkim seems to serve as a nodal point of old spiritualism, a seat of learning of the Buddhism that is epitomized not only by the monasteries but the role the Namgyal institute of Tibetology plays.
		It was normal to have 4 to 6 ft of snowfall in Sikkim by mid November.
	www.uttaranchal.ws /sikkim.htm (2072 words)

	Sikkim,Sikkim Tourism,Travel to Sikkim,Sikkim Travel,History of Sikkim,Travelling Sikkim,Tourist Info on Sikkim
		Sikkim was originally populated by the Lepchas, a tribal people thought to have migrated from Assam in the 13th century.
		With the migration of the Tibetans to Sikkim during the 17th century, the Lepchas were forced to move to the more remote regions of the country.
		Sikkim lost much of the southern foothills, as well as Kalimpong on the important trade route between India and Tibet.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /sikkim/history (380 words)

	Tsozum Tours & Travels :: Welcome to Sikkim - The Land of Mystic Splendour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Situated in the Eastern Himalayas, this beautiful state of Sikkim is sandwiched between the kingdom of Nepal in the West and Bhutan in the East, Tibet in the North and the state of West Bengal in the South.
		Sikkim, once a protectorate of India with a monarchy government but metamorphosed as the 22nd state of the Indian Union in the year 1975.
		Sikkim assisted the British in a successful war against Nepal in the year1814-1815 and won back some of its land.
	www.toursikkim.com /sikkim-tours/sikkim.asp (407 words)

	seemyindia
		Angered by the insolence of the British, in 1849 the king of Sikkim imprisoned the British inquiry team in the Lochen region and in 1859 the wiles of the greedy British were defeated by the monarch.
		In 1861, according to a mutual treaty, Sikkim recognized the sovereignty of British India in exchange for an increased revenue of Rs 9,000 which was further increased to Rs 12,000 in 1874.
		Sikkim, till recently considered to be the Himalayan shangrila today-sees roads and highways, shops and markets, electricity, water, agriculture, industry and commerce developing fast.
	www.seemyindia.com /sikkim/sikkim-history.htm (1302 words)

	National Portal of India : Know India : State and UTs
		Sikkim is a small hilly state, bounded by vast stretches of Tibetan Plateaux in the North, the Chumbi Valley of Tibet and the Kingdom of Bhutan in the East, the Kingdom of Nepal in the West, and Darjeeling (West Bengal) in the South.
		Sikkim Jewels limited is one of the sophisticated and precision oriented industries for the manufacture of jewel bearings for electric meters, water meters and other measuring instruments like watches and clocks.
		Sikkim is famous for its lush green vegetation, forest, scenic valleys and majestic mountains, and a range of rich and magnificent cultural heritage and peace loving people, which provide a safe haven for tourists.
	india.gov.in /knowindia/st_sikkim.php (1228 words)

	Much of the history of Sikkim is veiled by legends of antiquity and myths
		Sikkim was like corn caught between two millstones, its population forced into a desperate two pronged war.
		Sikkim joined India as an associate State in 1975 in accordance with it’s people aspiration for a democratic form of government, and later attained full Statehood within the Indian Union.
		Inspite of the fact that Sikkim comprises of different people and multi ethnic society, perhaps it is the most peaceful State of the Indian Union to promote communal harmony and human relations, a feat which is much expected in a plural society like India.
	www.sikkimipr.org /GENERAL/HISTORY/history_of_sikkim.htm (1158 words)

	Sikkim Travel, Sikkim Hotels, Sikkim Tours, Sikkim Tourism, Visit Sikkim, Sikkim all inclusive tours, Sikkim travel ...
		Sikkim is a dreamland that one can realize and enjoy, now that the area is open to all.
		It is a state cloaked in the mystery of remoteness, well perched in the hills in a horseshoe formation, with mountains varying in altitude and cut off from the din and bustle of the modern world.
		Officially, Sikkim was a protectorate of India, and the role of India became increasingly crucial with the Chinese military build-up along the northern borders that culminated in an actual invasion early in the 1960s.
	www.touristplacesinindia.com /sikkim/about-sikkim.html (581 words)

	Sikkim, sikkim tour and travel, sikkim religion and tradition, history of sikkim,
		A land deeply entrenched in mystical tradition which is authenticated by the history of Sikkim.
		The story behind the crowning of the first king of Sikkim is safe in a legend.
		The social life in Sikkim revolves around the monastery, what facilitates this is the fact that most of the lamas are married and live within the community.
	www.indiaprofile.com /religion-culture/sikkim.htm (1147 words)

	sikkim info - Modern History of Sikkim
		Sikkim was involved in the Sino- Tibetan invasion of Nepal but Sikkim's claims were ignored in the Sino-Nepalese Treaty.
		Sikkim was involved in the British diplomacy and was considered an ally of the British in the Anglo- Nepalese War.
		Sidkeong Namgyal (born 1819 A.D.) succeeded as the Eighth Consecrated Chogyal in 1863.
	www.sikkiminfo.net /modern_history.htm (2704 words)

	1Up India > India > Sikkim > Rich History of Sikkim.
		Meanwhile the struggle and conflicts among the followers of the "Yellow hats" and the "Red hats" in Tibet forced the latter to seek refuge in Sikkim, where they attained the status of aristocracy.They were popularly called as 'Bhutias', and they tried to convert the Lepchas to Buddhism.
		When the British went back on their word, the relations between Sikkim and Britishers soared which led to few battles and then in 1861 the Britishers signed another treaty with the Sikkimese, according to which they would pay Rs.
		On 4th September 1974, the leader of Sikkim Congress, Kazi Lendup Dorji was elected as the Chief Minister of the state.
	www.1upindia.com /states/sikkim/history.html (1367 words)

	Home Page
		Risley writes in the Gazette of Sikkim, 1894, that by the Treaty of Titalia British India has assumed the position of Lord's paramount of Sikkim and a title to exercise a predominant influence in that State has remained undisputed.
		On 4th September 1947, the leader of Sikkim Congress, Kazi Lendup Dorji was elected as the Chief Minister of the state.
		In Northern Sikkim, where they are the major inhabitants, they are known as the Lachenpas and Lachungpas.
	sikkim.freeservers.com (3611 words)

	History of Sikkim
		The first known people to occupy Sikkim are the Lepcha and anything before that is obscure.
		Sikkim’s territory then included the Chumbi Valley in the north, up to Ha Dzong in Bhutan, as far as the Arun River in Nepal, and much of the Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal.
		Darjeeling is leased from the Sikkim Raja for a fee of Rs.
	www.questhimalaya.com /moreabout (854 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sikkim
		Sikkim was inhabited by the LEPCHAS and BHUTIAS.
		In 1642 the NAMGYAL DYNASTY succeeded to the throne; Sikkim became a vassal state of TIBET; the title of the king was CHOGYAL (heavenly king).
		In 1775 a treaty was signed with Nepal ending a series of Nepalese invasions which had been repelled; however Nepal kept Sikkim territory occupied, which was returned in 1817 after the TREATY OF TITALIA signed between Sikkim and the East India Company (which had defeated Nepal in 1816).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/sikkim.html (403 words)

	Sikkim Tourism,Chogyals of Sikkim,Sikkim Chogyals,Sikkim Tour and Travel,Travel to Sikkim,Sikkim Historical ...
		The history of Sikkim's Chogyals dates back to the 16th century, when three holy men at Yoksom (also spelt as Yuksum or Yoksum), in West Sikkim, consecrated the first Chogyal.
		Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were restored to Sikkim.
		Hostilities between British India and Sikkim and a treaty was signed in which Darjeeling was annexed to British India.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /sikkim/chogyals-of-sikkim (337 words)

	Sikkim Treks and Tours- Quest Himalaya
		An ethnic native of Sikkim, Arthur Pazo, founder of Quest Himalaya has a thorough knowledge of the lay of his homeland.
		His passion for nature and wildlife photography at an early age took him to explore the deep jungles and high mountains of Sikkim and Nepal that are so captivating to naturalists on account of the extraordinary abundance of biodiversity.
		Sikkim is a naturalist’s paradise and a wonderland of thriving ancient cultures, and we are in the business of providing quality holidays in the form of tours and treks.
	www.questhimalaya.com (269 words)

	HISTORY OF SIKKIM
		visited Sikkim in connection with the latter's botanical research, they were captured and imprisoned in 1849.
		and the popular Government caused Sikkim to become a full-fledged 22nd state of the Indian Union on 16th may 1975.
		being elected as the Chief Minister of Sikkim.
	sikkim.nic.in /sws/sikk_his.htm (2780 words)

	Mountain Roads & Monasteries - Sikkim
		Geographically, Sikkim enjoys spectacular scenery flanked by Kanchenjunga on the West, and the vast virgin forests of Bhutan on the east.
		Rich in culture and history, Sikkim is dotted with some of the most important Buddhist Monasteries in the Himalayas with names like Rumtek, Phodang and Pemayangtse.
		Tour continues west across Sikkim to Pemayangtse, a quiet village situated at 2089mts with unequaled mountain views of Kanchenjunga and beyond into Nepal and Tibet.
	www.ridehigh.com /TourSikkim.htm (774 words)

	Sikkim Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The modern history of Sikkim begins from 1642 A.D. with the coronation of Phuntsog Namgyal as the first Chogyal or king of Sikkim in a tranquil pine covered hill in Yuksom Norbugang in West Sikkim.
		It was preordained that three saints of great repute from different parts of Tibet make their way to Bayul Demajong (Sikkim) to discharge their responsibility of upholding and propogating the essence of Dharma in the hidden land of Demajong.
		In 1975 the institution of the Chogyal was abolished and on May 16th, 1975 Sikkim was formally inducted as the 22nd state of India.
	www.sikkim.gov.in /ASP/Miscc/aboutsikkim.htm (668 words)

	Sherpa Nepal Buddhist Nyingma Tibet Himalaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Apparently they were treated with the utmost courtesy and warmth by their hosts, the royal families of these Himalayan kingdoms - and she saw, with their permission, a range of traditional Himalayan lifestyles which are all but extinguished today.
		Sikkim was a dependency of Tibet until the British government of India established its protectorate in 1890.
		Sikkim is statistically the safest state in India.
	www.bena.com /sherpa1/ttt/Him_book/tSikmCiv.htm (866 words)

	Sikkim Tourism, Trekking in Sikkim, Sikkim India, Sikkim History, Sikkim Travel Guide, Sikkim City Guide, City Info on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Surrounded by the Tibetan Plateau in the North, Nepal in the West, Bhutan in the East and West Bengal along its Southern border, the awe-inspiring Kanchanjunga peaks (the third highest in the world) guard its green valleys, turquoise lakes, and crystal-clear streams and gorges.
		Sikkim has a greater variety of vegetation, including 4,000 rare species of plants, than anywhere else in the world.
		GANGTOK, the "Lofty Hill", is the capital of Sikkim.
	www.potalatours.com /sikkim.html (311 words)

	Adventure Himalayan World - Sikkim
		Rich in history Sikkim's first king was crowned in 1642 and was called the "Chogyal," king of religion.
		His direct lineage, the Namgyals ruled the small country till 1975 when Sikkim became a part of India.Sikkim is made up of three major ethnic groups-the Lepchas, the first known settlers and the original inhabitants to the land, the Bhutias who trace their ancestry to Tibet and the Nepalese, the largest ethnic group.
		You'll trek through wonderful country side and admire the marvelous mountain views for Sikkim is a favored destination for the adventure mountaineer, trekker and mountain biker as well as the lover of unspoiled nature and culture.
	www.visitnepal.com /hwa/sikkim.htm (422 words)

	Himalaya Journey Treks and Expedition : SIKKIM
		This small but beautiful land is dominated by Mount Kanchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world.
		The history of Sikkim's Chogyals dates back to the sixteenth century, when the first Chogyal was consecrated by three holy men at Yoksom, in West Sikkim.
		Long a restricted area, Sikkim now welcomes a few visitors from around the world to share its rich heritage and natural bounty.
	www.himalayajourneys.com /sikkim.htm (175 words)

	The Telegraph - North Bengal & Sikkim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		More than two decades after his death, the Pawan Chamling-led Sikkim Democratic Front installed the statue on April 4, which was also the day of his coronation way back in 1965 when he succeeded his father Maharaja Tashi Namgyal as the 12th Chogyal of Sikkim.
		Lauding his government for bestowing the due honour on the late monarch, the chief minister said: “The government was committed to keep the history of Sikkim alive for posterity.
		We had initially planned to install the statue of all the 12 former Chogyals but the task turned out to be impossible as we did not have the photographs of some of them,” he said.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1030407/asp/siliguri/story_1847949.asp (477 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sikkim, ToC
		History of Sikkim, from Sikkim National Information Service
		Map of Sikkim (as part of India), from Perry Castaneda Library
		Constitution of Sikkim, 1974, from The Constitution of India (Treaty signed between India and Sikkim)
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/xsikkim.html (62 words)

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