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Topic: History of South Africa in the apartheid era

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	The Apartheid Era - Brief History of South Africa
		The Apartheid Era - Brief History of South Africa
		The NP was led by D.F. Malan, who stood for drastic measures against the "fl menace," coined the concept of "apartheid" and consistently enforced this devious policy.
		From then on, it was not "only" about the separation of the races in the economic sector, but increasingly the private domain of all non-white people was regulated and controlled as well.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /history/eh_apart1.htm (309 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Apartheid (meaning separateness in Afrikaans, cognate to English apart and hood) was a system of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948, and was dismantled in a series of negotiations from 1990 to 1993, culminating in democratic elections in 1994.
		South Africa formally excluded Walvis Bay from the mandate and annexed it as an exclave.
		South Africa was accused of continuing its aid to RENAMO and of having caused the crash using a new advanced electronic beacon capable of luring aircraft into crashing.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Apartheid (8383 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		South Africa also includes a part of the Kalahari Desert in the NW and a section of the Namib Desert in the W. Rivers.
		The population of South Africa (1995 est.) was 43,594,800.
		By the South Africa Act (1910) the British Parliament established the dominion of the Union of South Africa, with the four colonies as its provinces.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/southafrica.html (7551 words)

	History of Namibia. Namibian History
		At the beginning of the First World War, South Africa occupied the area and in 1920, she was given the country by the League of Nations as a mandate.
		In the late1950's and early 1960s, as in South Africa, the living quarters of fl and coloured Namibians in towns were torn down.
		These residents, according to the principles of Apartheid, now had to be moved out of Windhoek city which was reserved for whites only or `Slegs blankes' (a term that was to be used often in the years that followed).
	namibianhistory.com (2002 words)

	The History of Apartheid in South Africa
		South Africa (see map) is a country blessed with an abundance of natural resources including fertile farmlands and unique mineral resources.
		South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the seventeenth century.
		The apartheid policy was highly effective of achieving its goal of preferential treatment for whites, as is demonstrated by the statistics in Figure 1.
	www-cs-students.stanford.edu /~cale/cs201/apartheid.hist.html (737 words)

	History of South Africa in the apartheid era information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		White South Africans' espousal of apartheid was motivated by demographics: it allowed them to continue to dominate a country in which they were a decreasing minority, and to maintain their distinct identity without mixing of the races.
		South Africa formally excluded Walvis Bay from the mandate and annexed it as an enclave.
		In an analysis of the effect of sanctions on South Africa by the FW de Klerk Foundation, it was argued that they were not a leading contributor to the political reforms leading to the end of Apartheid[9].
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/History_of_South_Africa_in_the_apartheid_era?redir=1 (7753 words)

	Category:Apartheid in South Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are 6 subcategories shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
		History of South Africa in the apartheid era
		This page was last modified 10:23, 16 July 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Apartheid_in_South_Africa (72 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - South Africa
		Violence in South Africa during the 1970's led to an exodus of many white citizens, including Jews, who were fearful of their future in the country.
		South Africa has the highest violent crime rate in the world, about ten times that of the United States; residences in the middle of cities are often surrounded by electrified ten-foot-high walls topped with barbed wire.
		South Africa’s Jewish population is mainly found in five urban centers: Johannesburg, Cape Town, Pretoria, Durban and Port Elisabeth.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/South_Africa.html (3647 words)

	South Africa History
		The policy of apartheid in almost all social relations was further implemented by a varied series of laws that included additional curbs on free movement (partly through the use of passbooks, which most fls were required to carry) and the planned establishment of a number of independent homelands for African ethnic groups.
		South Africa was strongly opposed to the establishment of fl rule in the white-dominated countries of Angola, Mozambique, and Rhodesia, and gave military assistance to the whites there.
		South Africa invaded Angola in 1975 in an attempt to crush mounting opposition in exile, but the action was a complete failure.
	www.car-rental.co.za /south_africa_history.htm (2810 words)

	Apartheid and South Africa
		Young school children in a classroom in the squatter camp of Cross Roads, South Africa, in 1979.
		South African police at Alexandra Township in 1985.
		The United Nations condemned the creation of such areas as a means of consolidating the inhumane policies of apartheid, destroying the territorial integrity of the country, perpetuating white domination and dispossessing fl people of their inalienable rights.
	www.un.org /av/photo/subjects/apartheid.htm (930 words)

	The Anti-Apartheid Movement:
		The late 1970s were marked by an accelerating crisis in South Africa leading to the recommendations of the Wiehahn and Riekert Commissions which aimed at creating a stable fl labour force in the urban areas and the consignment of the rest of the fl population to the derelict homelands.
		South Africa was now widely seen as a threat to international peace – a matter which the UN Special Committee on Apartheid had examined in a number of major reports and on which it had played a distinctive role in mobilising international opinion within the UNsystem.
		South Africa was forced to renege on repayments of its expiring loans and sought a three-year period of grace for repaying its outstanding international debts.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/aam/symposium.html (21561 words)

	History of South Africa
		Dingaan agreed that they could have a large area of land in central and south Natal but as the delegates left they were killed by the Zulus in an ambush.
		With fl people having no political rights in South Africa, resistance groups such as the ANC was soon formed.
		In 1989, the then president of South Africa, F.W.de Klerk admitted the failure of Apartheid and negotiations for the first general elections was started.
	www.south-africa-info.com /history.htm (706 words)

	The Apartheid Era (Part 2) - Brief History of South Africa
		This situation lasted a few years, until in 1989 the last president of the old South African government, F. de Klerk, openly admitted the failure of apartheid policies.
		By this measure the South African government rid itself of responsibility for the economic and social problems in the reservations.
		The white government could call its elections free and general, because the majority of the fls were no longer citizens of South Africa.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /history/eh_apart2.htm (258 words)

	Apartheid South Africa
		Apartheid is an afrikaans word meaning "seperateness" - it was a legal system whereby people were classified into racial groups - White, Black, Indian and Coloured; and seperate geographic areas were demarcated for each racial group.
		Apartheid laws were part of South Africa's legal framework from 1948 to 1994.
		South Africa's commonwealth status is restored (although it remains a Republic).
	www.southafrica.to /history/Apartheid/apartheid.htm (4193 words)

	Complete Guide to South Africa - Gauteng Soweto
		SOWETO was originally an acronym for the South Western Townships, and comprising about thirty townships developed into a city as a result of a policy of territorial and political segregation followed by the South Africa's white dominated government.
		Soweto is an arts and culture hub and it has a rich history of the apartheid struggle.
		Prior to this, hundreds of volunteers had approached groups throughout South Africa to formulate their demands for a free and democratic South Africa.
	www.southafricatraveler.com /gauteng/sowet.htm (997 words)

	South Africa Tours and Travel Information
		South Africa is a safe travel destination to tour as well as offering any tourist a perfect holiday.
		South Africa is a country with a diverse mix of nationalities, races, and religions.
		As South Africa lies in the southern hemisphere, the seasons in South Africa are the reverse of those in the northern hemisphere.
	www.south-africa-tours.com /south-africa-tours.html (2644 words)

	freedominfo.org: features - landmark law opens up post-apartheid south africa
		While the media in South Africa welcomed the Act and support the spirit of the Act - which establishes a culture of openness in South Africa - there seems to be some dissatisfaction with the clauses in the Act which slow down the process of accessing information in bureaucratic requirements.
		Much like South Africa, various other African countries are realizing the need for access to information legislation as an important tool in pushing for more openness and transparency in their countries which until recently have been plagued by what the West has dubbed "The African Disease: Corruption".
		Although South Africa and Malawi are the only two countries in Africa which have passed a freedom of information act, the right to information is enshrined in a number of African constitutions.
	www.freedominfo.org /features/20020717.htm (3456 words)

	History of South Africa
		Most of today's fl South Africans belong to the Bantu language group, which migrated south from central Africa, settling in the Transvaal region sometime before AD 100.
		In 1912, the South Africa Native National Congress was founded in Bloemfontein and eventually became known as the African National Congress (ANC).
		The ANC-led government focused on social issues that were neglected during the apartheid era such as unemployment, housing shortages, and crime.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/southafrica.html (1093 words)

	South African history online - SouthAfrica.info
		South African History Online is an impressive new online learning and teaching resource for both students and teachers, which transforms history into a dynamic subject, giving new insight into South Africa's turbulent past and every-changing present.
		SA History Online aims to "break the silence on the historic and cultural achievements of the country’s fl communities" and to celebrate the achievements of all those who "fought for the realisation of a common humanity, the building of a non-racial democracy and the celebration of our cultural diversity".
		Other components of the programme, which is sponsored by the Ford Foundation and Ireland Aid, include an annual history competition using television, print and radio to encourage the public to record their histories and contribute to the tapestry of diversity that makes up South African society — past and present.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/sahistoryonline.htm (569 words)

	The Nazi Germany/apartheid South Africa invention that could make oil obsolete. - By Daniel Gross - Slate Magazine
		When it comes to racial policies, it may be somewhat hyperbolic to say that the apartheid regime that came into power in South Africa in 1948 picked up where the Nazis left off.
		And given South Africa's chronic underinvestment in public infrastructure, management rightly fears the imposition of a windfall tax.
		Indeed, the firm that built its competitive advantage during the apartheid years is clearly concerned that it may be asked to help pick up the cost of atoning for the country's sins—which could make it harder for Sasol to bring its snazzy technology, incubated in Hitler's Germany and Botha's South Africa, to the United States.
	www.slate.com /id/2152036 (1298 words)

	South Africa: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		South Africa, on the continent's southern tip, is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and by the Indian Ocean on the south and east.
		South Africa declared itself a republic in 1961 and severed its ties with the Commonwealth, which strongly objected to the country's racist policies.
		South Africa, the country with the highest number of HIV-positive people in the world (6.5 million in 2005), has been hampered in fighting the epidemic by its president's highly controversial views.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107983.html (1511 words)

	NPR : South Africa, 10 Years Later
		Ten years of democracy may seem like a long time for South Africa, but true democracies are not easy to come by, especially on the African continent.
		Ten years after South Africa's first democratic elections, Nelson Mandela is being hailed not just for ending apartheid but for setting the stage for a stable democracy -- and holding the country together through its faltering early years of majority rule.
		Archbishop Desmond Tutu was one of the chief architects of South Africa's peaceful transition from the apartheid era to majority rule.
	www.npr.org /news/specials/mandela (583 words)

	South African History South Africa History
		Examples of video clips: visit to South Africa of the Royal Family, Commonwealth conferences, the 1964 OAU meeting in Tanzania, 1967 African leaders meeting in Kampala, the 1966 assassination of H. Verwoerd (President of South Africa).
		From the Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, at the University of Durban-Westville, South Africa.
		He is "a leader in the struggle for human rights in South Africa and [was] a freedom fighter in the African National Congress." Interview, by Harry Kreisler, part of the Institute of International Studies, U.C. Berkeley, "Conversations with History" series.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/southafrica/rsahistory.html (8671 words)

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