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Topic: History of South America

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	SOUTH AMERICA,
		South America, Central America, the lowlands of Mexico, and the West Indies may be classified as a single zoogeographic region usually called the Neotropical Region.
		South America is unusual among the continents for its religious homogeneity.
		South America contributes significantly to world trade in petroleum, coffee, copper, bauxite, fish meal, and oilseed; trade in these and other primary goods is essential to the underwriting of the continent’s economic development.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=222746 (8184 words)

	South America - MSN Encarta
		South America's overall population has been increasing rapidly, especially in the developing tropical countries, and urban populations have increased greatly in all parts of the continent.
		The steady but relatively modest flow of Iberians into South America during the colonial era and in the century and a half since independence was augmented between the late 19th century and 1930 by the entry of several million Italians, chiefly into Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
		South America is unusual among the continents for its religious homogeneity.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761574914&pn=3 (939 words)

	History of South America
		South America's oldest civilizations were centered in Peru and spread north and south into Ecuador and Bolivia.
		South America, that part of the western hemisphere south of the United States, felt the brunt of the European conquest a century or more before European presence was significant in Anglo-America.
		Few domestic animals were found in Latin America The dog was ubiquitous, and the Incas had the guine, pig as a pet and food source, the llama as a beast, burden, and the alpaca as a source of fiber.
	www.travelsouth-america.com /history.html (1035 words)

	South America Travel Guide - History of the Continent
		South America has a complex history, which encompasses a wide range of civilizations.
		South America is also unique because of its thriving indigenous tribes.
		Before the arrival of Europeans, South America was believed to have been inhabited by 30 million people.
	www.allaboutsouthamericatravel.com /south-america-history.htm (408 words)

	South America - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		South America can be easily indentified in any given world map, maybe because it doesn't look like anything (i.e.: Europe kinda looks like a dog and Africa looks like a big dude's face) and it's the continent where you have that big country surrounded by those little ones...
		South America is also the only known place where you can find the elusive Bolivian Tree Llama, making South America popular for the exciting sport of llama spotting.
		Soon Spain owned all of South America, except for Brazil, which was shared by Portugal, Soccerland, France (France later surrendered their part of Brazil to Germany), Spain 2, and Canada.
	www.uncyclopedia.org /wiki/South_America (525 words)

	South America - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		South America is a continent situated in the western hemisphere and, mostly, the southern hemisphere, bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest.
		Geographically, South America is generally considered a continent forming the southern portion of the American landmass, south and east of the Panama Canal transecting the Isthmus of Panama.
		South America is home to many interesting and unique species of animals including the llama, anaconda, pirana, jaguar, vicuna, and tapir.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/South_America (2332 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Janet Jagan
		Jagan was elected President and served in that capacity from 1997 to 1999, when she resigned for health reasons.
		She became the second female President in the history of South America (after Isabel Peron) and the first to be democratically elected.
		South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Janet-Jagan (797 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : History of South America (Site not responding. Last check: )
		South America is thought to have been first inhabited by people crossing the Bering Land Bridge, now the Bering strait, though there are also suggestions of migration from the southern Pacific Ocean.
		By the first millennium CE, South America’s vast rainforests, mountains, plains, mountain and coasts were the home of tens of millions of people.
		The Chavín, a South American preliterate civilization, established a trade network and developed agriculture by 900 BC, according to some estimates and archeological finds.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /History_of_South_America (1024 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Discoverer of the Americas
		World map showing the Americas CIA map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions.
		The name American Aborigines has been proposed by some archaeologists and anthropologists for hypothetical peoples who lived in in South America long before hunter-gatherer migrants from Siberia (who are believed to be the ancestors of todays Amerindians) crossed the Bering Land Bridge.
		History stubs This article or section does not cite its references or sources.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Discoverer-of-the-Americas (627 words)

	South America :: Travel to South America :: South America Journey :: South America Travel Guide
		South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
		South America is thought to have been first inhabited by people crossing the Bering Land Bridge, now the Bering strait, though there are also suggestions of migration from the southern Pacific Ocean.
		History of Venezuela Venezuela was the site of one of the first permanent Spanish settlements in South America in 1522, and most of the territory eventually became part of the viceroyalty of New Granada.
	south-america.travel-chronicle.com (1531 words)

	2. South America. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Latin America and the Caribbean, 1914–1945 > 2.
		HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN, leader of the Argentine Radicals, was elected president after an electoral reform (1912) granted the secret ballot and suffrage to all males over 18 years of age.
		Carlos Saavedra Lamas, the foreign minister, published a proposed South American antiwar pact, which had already been accepted by several states.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2242.html (572 words)

	The History Place - Vietnam War 1961-1964 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The South Vietnamese Army is run by officers personally chosen by President Diem, not for their competence, but for their loyalty to him.
		In Hue, South Vietnamese police and army troops shoot at Buddhist demonstrators, resulting in the deaths of one woman and eight children.
		South Vietnamese special forces, originally trained by the U.S. and now controlled by Diem's younger brother Nhu wage violent crackdowns against Buddhist sanctuaries in Saigon, Hue and other cities.
	www.historyplace.com /unitedstates/vietnam/index-1961.html (3720 words)

	The history of South America
		The history of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana
		The history of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
		The history of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/42 (69 words)

	Howstuffworks "South American History"
		The first inhabitants of South America were probably descendants of Asians who crossed the Bering Strait in prehistoric times.
		South America is a diverse continent made up of diverse nations.
		History is made up of important people and the political and cultural events they initiate.
	history.howstuffworks.com /south-american-history (168 words)

	South America Continents Facts \| 4 Corners Club
		South America is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
		In English-speaking and certain other regions of the world, North and South America are considered to be continents and their union is referred to as the supercontinent of the Americas.
		South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Executive power is vested in The Queen, and is exercised by the Civil Commissioner, a post held by the Governor of the Falkland Islands.
	www.4cornersclub.com /adventure_trips/south_america/continent_facts (5875 words)

	The Natural History of Marsupials
		South America parted company with North America in the Eocene, effectively blocking the rapid radiation of placentals in North America at this time from spreading to South America.
		Australian marsupials (extant and extinct) share many affinities with South American marsupials and extinct Antarctic forms, indicating a southern migration route for marsupials and explaining the lack of placental mammals in Australia.
		By the time South America redocked with North America in the Plio-Pleistocene, South America was already separated from Antarctica and Antarctica from Australia.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/marsupials.html (431 words)

	Discover South America - Travel Information About South America
		Above all, South America is arguably the world’s greatest melting pot of history, cultures and natural beauties.
		South America is the 4th largest continent in the world, with approximately 350 million inhabitants distributed on almost 17million sq.
		South America is many countries, landscapes, cultures, ideologies, histories, stories and is more than two-thirds tropical.
	www.discoversouthamerica.com /aboutsouthamerica.cfm (390 words)

	InfoDome - Travel to South America
		The author is a scientist who travels to South America and combines his appreciation of the country with his field of study.
		According to Humboldt, "It is without difficulty that I present to the public a series of papers which took their origin in the presence of natural scenes of grandeur or of beauty on the ocean, in the forests of the Orinoco, in the Steppes of Venezuela, and in the mountains of Perú and México.
		Campaigns and Cruises, in Venezuela and New Grenada, and in the Pacific Ocean; From 1817-1830: With the Narrative of a March From the River Orinoco to San Buenaventura on the Coast of Chocò; and Sketches of the West Coast of South America From the Gulf of California to the Archipelago of Chilöe.
	infodome.sdsu.edu /about/depts/spcollections/rarebooks/soamerica.shtml (3125 words)

	L. The Origins of Food Production in the Americas (c. 5000 B.C.E. and Later). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		As in the Old World, experimentation with native plants began early, especially in the Andean area of South America, where people strove constantly to expand the range of wild plants into marginal environments.
		In North America, hunter-gatherer societies in major Midwestern river valleys were planting such native plants as goosefoot and marsh elder to supplement wild stands as early as 2500
		B.C.E., hunter-gatherer societies in the eastern woodlands of North America were planting native plants on a regular basis.
	www.bartleby.com /67/40.html (711 words)

	Pre-Colombian History
		According to conventional wisdom, South America has been inhabited for about 20,000 years by hunters and gatherers who began developing agriculture around 4000 BC Christ using the slash and burn technique still used today by some isolated tribes of Amazonia.
		The first permanent agricultural settlements appeared about 3 500 BC in areas where the quasi nomadic slash and burn technique was not applicable such as the coastal river valleys that required irrigation to control the seasonal runoff from the Andes and the highlands where it was necessary to build terraces to create farmable land.
		Andean history is complex for many societies developed in the northern and southern parts of the coast and of the highlands.
	berclo.net /page94/94en-hist-sam-pc.html (2635 words)

	History of the Fauna of Latin America, by George Gaylord Simpson
		The field mice of South America, although distinctive as to species and, usually, genera, are closely related to those of North America, belonging not only to the same order (Rodentia) but also to the same family (Cricetidae) and even to the same subfamily and tribe.
		Every South American stock is related at least as closely to one known from North America as to any other known group outside of South America, and the edentates have no established relationships except with an exclusively North American group.
		Both, however, entered South America at about the same time, roughly midway between the two major immigrations; the two have become comparably differentiated there, and it is justified to consider them broadly as of the same faunal stratum.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/biogeog/SIMP1950.htm (10381 words)

	Celebrate Hispanic Heritage! Hispanic History in the Americas
		The empire, which stretched along the western coast of South America and contained parts of present-day Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina, was reputed to be heavily endowed with gold.
		Brazil is one of the three non-Spanish-speaking nations of South America, along with Guyana (English) and Suriname (Dutch).
		Brazil is presently the largest nation in South America in terms of land and population.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/hispanic/sahistory.htm (650 words)

	Mapping History
		This module graphs the many political changes that have occurred in South America during the 20th Century, and does so by focusing on the most significant and historically noteworthy changes.
		In South America, as elsewhere in the Western world, women were not eligible to vote until well into the 20th Century.
		The first section maps the political history of South America by dividing the 20th Century in 7 distinct frames.
	mappinghistory.uoregon.edu /english/LA/LA01-00.html (368 words)

	Llama history in North America and South America
		Domestication of these two species is thought to have given rise to the llama and alpaca, with the llama originating from the guanaco and the alpaca from the vicuna.
		This dependence was somewhat analogous to the dependence the Plains Indians of North America had on the bison.
		After the presumed migration of the original camelid seed to Asia and South America, there were no camelids in North America until the importation of llamas as zoo exhibits into the United States in the late 1800s.
	www.llamapack.com /text/history.html (1270 words)

	[No title]
		Further south, in Patagonia, a dry, sparse tundra was present (Markgraf 1993) and the Andean temperate forest was reduced to scattered remnants on the western side of Cordillera (Markgraf 1993).
		South America before the onset of interglacial climates - 14,000 to 13,000 y.a.
		In South America, pollen evidence from Carajas and south-western Amazonia suggest a rapid increase in rainforest cover at around this time, although evidence of high surface erosion rates suggests that forest cover in the more seasonal areas of Amazonia was still incomplete at this time (Siffedine et al.).
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/nercSOUTHAMERICA.html (2930 words)

	Tattoos.Com Ezine
		When Cortez and his conquistadors arrived on the coast of Mexico in 1519 they were horrified to discover that the natives not only worshipped devils in the form of statues and idols, but had somehow managed to imprint indelible images of these idols on their skin.
		The sixteenth century Spanish historians who chronicled the adventures of Cortez and his conquistadors reported that tattooing was widely practiced by the natives of Central America.
		His name was Gonzalo Guerrero, and he is mentioned in several early histories of Mexico.
	tattoos.com /jane/steve/south_america.htm (339 words)

	Khilafah - America's dirty history in South America: Death squads, disappearances and torture
		In fact, it was in Latin America that the CIA and US military intelligence agents, working closely with local allies, first helped put into place the unholy trinity of government-sponsored terrorism now on display in Iraq and elsewhere: death squads, disappearances, and torture.
		As in Latin America, so too in Vietnam, the point of death squads was not just to eliminate those thought to be working with the enemy, but to keep potential rebel sympathizers in a state of fear and anxiety.
		In Latin America, the word "disappeared" came to denote not just victimization but moral repudiation, as the mothers and children of the disappeared led a continental movement to restore the rule of law.
	www.khilafah.com /kcom/analysis/news-watch/america-s-dirty-history-in-south-america-death-squads-disappearances-and-torture.html (2777 words)

	Department of History
		History as a field of study is concerned with understanding and interpreting societies’ changes over time.
		The WMU History Department is proud to have approximately 30 full-time teacher-scholars whose areas of specialization range from antiquity to the present and include the continents of Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.
		History students gain research and communication skills while learning how humans have organized their lives in multiple historical contexts.
	www.wmich.edu /history (322 words)

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