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Topic: History of Sudan

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Second Sudanese Civil War

Darfur conflict

Northern, Sudan

Sudan

Sadiq al Mahdi

Politics of Sudan

Economy of Sudan

First Sudanese Civil War

Sudan Peace Act

Darfur

Muhammad ibn Abdalla

Nyala, Sudan

Central time zone

June 2004

Ibrahim Abboud

	Sudan: A Historical Perspective
		Muhammad Ahmad, the son of a Dongola boat-builder, was born in 1844.
		In the twelve ensuing years, the Sudan's revenue had increased seventeen fold, its expenditure tripled, and its budget reached a balanced state which was to be maintained until 1960.
		This is despite the fact that it views the Sudan as a strategically important nation, both as protector of the southern flank of Egypt its primary Arab ally, and as a possible staging ground for any military operations mounted to protect the Middle East's oil fields.
	www.sudan.net /society/history.html (2247 words)

	Sudan - HISTORY
		There is little documentation for the history of the southern Sudanese provinces until the introduction of the Turkiyah in the north in the early 1820s and the subsequent extension of slave raiding into the south.
		Sudan's new ruler also authorized the burning of lists of pedigrees and books of law and theology because of their association with the old order and because he believed that the former accentuated tribalism at the expense of religious unity.
		In Sudan, the traditional leaders were the shaykhs--of villages, tribes, and districts--in the north and tribal chiefs in the south.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/sudan/HISTORY.html (18023 words)

	History of Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sudan was a collection of small, independent kingdoms and principalities from the beginning of the Christian era until 1820-21, when Egypt conquered and unified the northern portion of the country.
		Although Egypt claimed all of the present Sudan during most of the 19th century, it was unable to establish effective control over southern Sudan, which remained an area of fragmented tribes subject to frequent attacks by slave raiders.
		Ibrahim Abboud overthrew the parliamentary regime in a bloodless coup.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/sudan.html (2701 words)

	Sudan History \| iExplore.com
		In the mid-19th century, Sudan became of interest to the UK, because of its strategic importance for trade routes to India via the newly-opened Suez Canal, as well as the desire to limit French influence in the West.
		The future events of Sudan may well, unfortunately, adhere to this same continual pattern: intimated resolution of the terrible conflict being undercut by further bouts of violence and disorder.
		Once described as the bread basket of the Arab world, Sudan is a country of high, though largely unrealised, economic potential, which is presently crippled by civil war, a foreign debt of around US$15 billion, and climatic effects which have brought both drought and flooding.
	www.africa.com /dmap/Sudan/History (1522 words)

	History of Sudan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of Sudan is marked by influences (military and cultural) from neighboring areas (e.g.
		Although Egypt claimed all of the present Sudan during most of the 19th century, and established a province Equatoria in southern Sudan to further this aim, it was unable to establish effective control over the area, which remained an area of fragmented tribes subject to frequent attacks by slave raiders.
		In 1943 the British began preparing the north for self-rule, establishing a North Sudan Advisory Council to advise on the governance of the six North Sudan provinces: comprising of Khartoum, Kordofan, Darfur, and Eastern, Northern and Blue Nile provinces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Sudan (3243 words)

	Sudan (11/06)
		Sudan is seeking to expand its installed capacity of electrical generation of around 300 megawatts--of which 180 megawatts is hydroelectric and the rest, thermal.
		However, as Sudan became the world’s largest debtor to the World Bank and IMF by 1993, its relationship with the international financial institutions soured in the mid-1990s and has yet to be fully rehabilitated.
		Sudan’s role in the radical Pan-Arab Islamic Conference represented a matter of great concern to the security of American officials and dependents in Khartoum, resulting in several drawdowns and/or evacuations of U.S. personnel from Khartoum in the early-mid 1990s.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5424.htm (6761 words)

	A short history of Sudan
		Present-day Sudan is largely part of Egypt since 1900 BC.
		Sudan is proclaimed a condominium as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1899 under British-Egyptian administration.
		Sudan achieves independence in 1956 as the Republic of the Sudan.
	www.electionworld.org /history/sudan.htm (701 words)

	Youth With A Mission - Sudan- The History
		Sudan is the largest country in Africa, one-third the size of continental USA, It borders 9 other countries.
		Reflecting the size of the nation, the climate is also very diverse, from tropical rainforest in the south to sand dunes and desert in the north.
		There has been a history of harsh repression of the southerners by the Arabs, with many stories of atrocities committed by the Arabs circulating among the Black Africans.
	www.ywamsudan.org /history.html (649 words)

	Cool Planet - Sudan - History
		For centuries, the region that is now known as Sudan consisted of a number of independent nations.
		On 1 January 1956, Sudan became fully independent, although a civil war was already in the offing because of unrest in the south about the growing political and economic dominance of north Sudan.
		Under the terms of an agreement reached at peace talks in Kenya in July 2002, southern Sudan would be granted a six-year period of administrative autonomy and not be subject to Islamic Law which is applied in the Arab north.
	www.oxfam.org.uk /coolplanet/kidsweb/world/sudan/sudhist.htm (391 words)

	History - Sudan - Africa
		From remote antiquity until relatively recent times the northern portion of the territory comprising modern Sudan formed part of the region known as Nubia.
		The history of Nilotic, or southern, Sudan before the 19th century is obscure.
		Between 1877 and 1880, when British general and administrator Charles George Gordon served as governor of Egyptian Sudan, efforts were made to suppress the slave trade and other abuses.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/sudan/history.htm (322 words)

	WWW-VL History Index. Sudan
		Governors of Provinces of the Egyptian Sudan, 1821-1889
		Henry Solomon Wellcome and the Sudan, By Ahmed Awad Abdel-Hameed Adeel
		The Southern Sudan Problem and the Prospects of Peace, papers of a conference held 26 April 1998 by the Sudan Foundation
	vlib.iue.it /history/africa/sudan.html (592 words)

	The History of Sudan
		The Abboud regime was followed by a provisional government until parliament elections in April 1965 led to a coalition government of the Umma and National Unionist Parties under Prime Minister Muhammad Ahmad Mahjoub.
		Despite that record, the IGAD initiative promulgated the 1994 Declaration of Principles (DOP) that aimed to identify the essential elements necessary to a just and comprehensive peace settlement; i.e., the relationship between religion and the state, powersharing, wealthsharing, and the right of self-determination for the south.
		Following an internal outcry, the Sadiq al-Mahdi government in March 1989 agreed with the UN and donor nations (including the U.S.) on a plan called Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), under which some 100,000 tons of food was moved into both government and SPLA-held areas of the Sudan, and widespread starvation was averted.
	www.factrover.com /history/Sudan_history.html (2551 words)

	history of the conflict
		Until the 1950s, Sudan was under the colonial rule of Great Britain and Egypt.
		Peace talks resumed in fall of 2004, and in January of 2005, a peace agreement was signed by Sudan's vice president and the leader of the SPLA.
		For the people of Sudan, the peace did not come soon enough; in twenty-one years of civil war, more than two million had died.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~varandal/classweb/sudan/history.html (338 words)

	Sudanese and Sufi history
		The main areas of specialisation are the pre-co lonial history of Sudanic Africa (especially the area of the modern Sudan Republic), religious, especially Sufism, and literary history.
		The researches of Bjørkelo, Stiansen, Vikør and O'Fahey and the programme of co-operation with the NRO have led to the creation of a substantial collection of Arabic and other materials in Bergen relevant to the history of the Sudan and of t he Sufi brotherhoods in the region.
		Michel Hoebink: The idelogical dimension to the North/South conflict in the Sudan (O'Fahey)
	www.uib.no /hi/sudan.html (2524 words)

	Blue Nile Forum منتدى النيل الأزرق: Sudan Political History
		In Sudan, the traditional leaders were the sheikhs--of villages, tribes, and districts--in the north and tribal chiefs in the south.
		Richard Hill's Egypt in the Sudan, 1820-1881 assesses Egypt's nineteenth century occupation and reoccupation of Sudan.
		For an Arab viewpoint, Mohamed Omer Beshir's The Southern Sudan: Background to Conflict and The Southern Sudan: From Conflict to Peace are pertinent.
	bluenileforum.blogspot.com /2005/01/sudan-political-history.html (17808 words)

	Sudan's Biblical History - Christianity Today magazine - ChristianityTodayLibrary.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sudan's ongoing civil war isn't the only reason Christians should be familiar with the region.
		Sudan's ongoing civil war is more than 20 years old.
		But in general it came to mean the area which is the Sudan, the area south of Egypt, especially remarkable for the fl complexion of its inhabitants.
	www.ctlibrary.com /ct/2004/mayweb-only/5-24-21.0.html (431 words)

	Amazon.com: A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day (5th Edition): Books: P.M. Holt,M.W. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It also describes the making of modern Sudan over the last 150 years and offers a clear, readable and succinct introduction to an area that is seldom out of the world's headlines For those interested in Islamic or African History.
		Sudan became a threat to Britain's ambitions in the region in the late 19th century when Fundamentalism among its' people fueled a vast uprising in the 1880's.
		Any general history should be clear as to why the major actors in its drama have changed their positions.
	www.amazon.com /History-Sudan-Coming-Islam-Present/dp/0582368863 (1642 words)

	AFRO-Americ@: Kids Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Sudan is located between Egypt, Ethiopia and Zaire.
		The Sudan is mostly a flat, featureless plain but there are mountains in the east and west.
		The Sudan has an arid desert in the north and is tropical in the south.
	www.afro.com /children/discover/sudan/sudan.html (317 words)

	Sudan History Timeline - historic overview of Sudan, Africa
		A time line overview of big and small events in the history of Sudan.
		In the south the forces are led by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) under command by John Garang.
		The war in Sudan is also having huge impact on the northen Uganda.
	crawfurd.dk /africa/sudan_timeline.htm (773 words)

	World History Blog: History of Sudan
		This is brief history of the troubled African nation of Sudan.
		In recent years, it is best known for a civil war and the continued practice of slavery.
		His followers took on the name “Ansars”; (the followers), which they continue to use today; they are associated with the single largest political grouping, the Umma Party, led by the descendant of the Mahdi, Sadiq al-Mahdi.
	world-history-blog.blogspot.com /2005/10/history-of-sudan.html (494 words)

	The history of the Nile region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Throughout ancient history, the culture of dynastic Egypt and
		Egypt invaded and conquered Sudan in 1821 and
		conquerers, the Nubians of northern Sudan acquiesced to
	www.aboutsudan.com /general_information/history.htm (2234 words)

	Important Dates of the Church's History in Sudan
		Important Dates of the Church's History in Sudan
		Daniel Comboni is born in Limone sul Garda (Italy)
		1972 - Sudan Embassy is established with the Vatican; the Ap.
	www.eglisesoudan.org /english/dates.htm (1142 words)

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