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Topic: History of Switzerland

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Modern history of Switzerland

Swiss Confederation

Switzerland

Switzerland in the Napoleonic era

Early history of Switzerland

Switzerland during the World Wars

Politics of Switzerland

List of Switzerland related topics

Cantons of Switzerland

Reformation in Switzerland

Switzerland as a federal state

Unterwalden

Old Swiss Confederacy

Aargau

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	Switzerland - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Switzerland borders Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
		Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
		Switzerland features a system of government not seen at the national level on any other place on Earth: direct democracy, sometimes called half-direct democracy (this could, or could not be correct as theoretically, one could state that the people have full power over the law).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Swiss (3480 words)

	History of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Originally inhabited by the Helvetians, or Helvetic Celts, the territory comprising modern Switzerland came under Roman rule during the Gallic wars in the 1st century BC and remained a Roman province until the 4th century AD.
		After the decline of the Roman Empire, Switzerland was invaded by Germanic tribes from the north and west.
		Switzerland did not join the United Nations, even though Geneva became host to the UN's European headquarters, and the country played an active role in many of the UN's specialized agencies.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/switzerland.html (1200 words)

	History of Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Thirty Years' War, Switzerland was a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" (Grimmelshausen) in war-torn Europe, mostly because all major powers in Europe were depending on Swiss mercenaries, and would not let Switzerland fall in the hands of one of their rivals.
		Switzerland was accused of violation of neutrality and prolongation of the war because of these transactions, with particular vigour by U.S. Senator Al D'Amato and attorney Edward Fagan.
		Switzerland is not a member state of the EU, but has been (together with Liechtenstein) surrounded by EU territory since the joining of Austria in 1995.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Switzerland (2230 words)

	Switzerland's History
		Switzerland is a small country situated in the heart of Central Europe and shares a lot of it's history and of it's culture (four national languages spoken in different regions) with it's neighbours Germany, France, Italy and Austria.
		Switzerland was officially accepted as an independent nation by its neighbours in the 1648 European peace treaty.
		Switzerland is a loose confederacy of 13 cities and small valley communities dominating the rest of the country.
	history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch (722 words)

	History of SWITZERLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Switzerland's earliest European role is as the heartland of the Celts.
		Another century later, after the division of the empire, Switzerland is in the east Frankish kingdom as part of the duchy of Swabia.
		In Switzerland such a meeting is called a Landsgemeinde (district community); the earliest record of one is in Schwyz in 1294.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac78 (1779 words)

	Switzerland: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During the European conflicts of the 17th and 18th centuries Switzerland remained neutral because of its religious division and its mercenary armies.
		Switzerland is governed by consensus, but the population has increasingly abstained in referendums.
		Switzerlandâs integration into the IMF was approved by a plebiscite in May 1992.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=158 (2563 words)

	A2Z Languages: History and Government of Switzerland
		Switzerland followed a much different history from that of its European neighbors, mostly because no ruler since the 14th century was able to claim more than a theoretical lordship over the small, yet well organized group of cantons that comprised Switzerland.
		This location left the Confederacy of Switzerland well placed to interfere in the continual power struggles of the period, and the reputation of their army – probably the most powerful in Europe at the end of the 15th century brought fear to their enemies.
		Given Switzerland’s continuing prosperity, economic arguments are rarely heard, although there is a broad acceptance – especially in the financial community – that the Euro will become a standard feature of commercial life in the near future.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /switzerland/countryguide/history.htm (950 words)

	Swiss Genealogy on the Internet : Swiss history
		3) Switzerland and its Cantons in 1995 (cf.
		Switzerland was spared from the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and from the development and wars of absolutist monarchies in Europe.
		Switzerland's attitude in W.W.II was a blend of tactical accommodation and demonstrative insistence on the country's readiness to defend itself.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/CH/history.html (4071 words)

	History of Switzerland,Switzerland History,Switzerland History & Culture,Accordion History of Switzerland,History ...
		A tourist planning for a Switzerland Tour should essentially know the history of and the form of government in the country to anticipate the roots of its customs and culture, helpful during the Switzerland Tour beyond doubt.
		Switzerland was formed in the year 1291 when the three cantons of Schwyz, Uri and Unterwalden joined together for the common purpose of protecting their borders.
		The legislative authority of Switzerland is in Bern.
	www.switzerlandtours.net /history-of-switzerland.html (278 words)

	Mueller Science - Specialities: Switzerland
		Switzerland enjoys a diverse and carefully designed political structure in which self-government, civil rights, and international involvement combine in a distinctive merger of respect for the past and a pioneering spirit.
		Early reports of travelling through Switzerland are around 1550 from the Germans Johannes Stumpf and Kaspar Brusch and the French Joachim du Bellay; later from the French philosopher Michel de Montaigne (1580/81) and the English Dandy Thomas Coryate (1611).
		Attracted by Switzerland too were the zoologist Carl Vogt, Richard Wagner, the composer Heinrich Götz, the philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Rudolf Eucken, the fathers of Frank Wedekind and Paul Klee, the mechanic Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel as well as the composer Lily Reiff-Sertorius and the poetesses Lou Andreas-Salomé and Ricarda Huch.
	www.muellerscience.com /ENGLISH/Switzerland.htm (12398 words)

	Switzerland - Further Reading - MSN Encarta
		Ten centuries of Swiss history as seen through the history of a rural Alpine village.
		Startling revelations of how Switzerland was not as neutral during World War II as previously believed.
		Examination of Switzerland's history, politics, and culture in relation to the rest of the world.
	encarta.msn.com /readings_761571795/Switzerland.html (211 words)

	History of Switzerland
		Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two World Wars.
		The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors.
		Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations, but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.
	infotut.com /geography/Switzerland (1930 words)

	Swiss history - history of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Switzerland’s geographical position with its transit routes over the Alps made it a desirable possession for European great powers through the ages.
		Switzerland has always interacted with its neighbours, at peace and at war.
		Switzerland stayed neutral in the First and Second world wars, but later joined some international organisations.
	www.swissworld.org /eng/swissworld.html?siteSect=800 (287 words)

	Switzerland History & Switzerland Culture \| iExplore.com
		The history of Switzerland has followed a broadly different course from that of its European neighbors, mainly because no ruler since the 14th century was able to claim more than a theoretical suzerainty over the small, well-organized and prosperous group of cantons that comprise it.
		Switzerland has a typical West European mixed economy with a bias towards light and craft-based industries: Swiss precision manufacturing such as watch-making is renowned throughout the world.
		Switzerland is not a member of the European Union, although nearly two-thirds of its exports are sold to EU countries.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Switzerland/History (1210 words)

	A short history of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Present-day Switzerland is since around 500 BC inhabited by the Celtic tribe of the Helveti.
		In the feudal German Empire the Habsburgs become in 1278 rulers of Austria, one of the German counties.
		Switzerland is re-established in 1803 as a French protectorate; canton sovereignty is largely restored.
	www.electionworld.org /history/switzerland.htm (466 words)

	Postage stamps and postal history of Switzerland
		The first stamps used in Switzerland were issued by the cantons of Zürich Geneva, and Basel for their own use, with the first federal issues coming several years later.
		This was the first issue to deal with the multiple languages of Switzerland; in addition to the word "FRANCO" at the top, the other three sides listed the denomination in rappen, centimes, and (Italian) centesmi.
		In about 1930 Switzerland began to use "grilled gum", a light grill applied along the gum to counteract the tendency for gummed stamps to curl.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Switzerland (1375 words)

	A Brief History of Switzerland
		As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal constitution in 1848, amending it extensively in 1874 and establishing federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters.
		Switzerland is not a member state of the EU but applied for membership therein in May 1992.
		Switzerland has not advanced this application since the rejection, by referendum, of the European Economic Area in December 1992.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Switzerland/switzerland-interest-history.html (998 words)

	History of Switzerland:
		The bailiff Gessler representing the count of Habsburg in central Switzerland requests that everybody greets his hat on a rod in Altdorf (Uri).
		Switzerland and the United States of America do have a similiar, but dangerous tradition of liberal access to weapons.
		This book by the well known Swiss historian gives a broad description of the history of the Switzerland from the age of the romans to the the birth of the old Swiss confederacy and situates the legend of William Tell in the historic context.
	history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch /william-tell-switzerland-hero.html (1318 words)

	Switzerland County Histories in Microfilm and Microfiche
		The following county histories are located in the microfilms area on the second floor of the library.
		Title: Proceedings of the Switzerland Baptist church, held in the town of Vevay, on Saturday the 29th of December, 1832.
		Title: Brief history of Switzerland county, Indiana; prepared by the senior class of 1913...centennial souvenir, 1813-1913.
	www.statelib.lib.in.us /www/isl/indiana/histories/switzerland.html (222 words)

	The Jewish Virtual History Tour - Switzerland
		In 1213, Basel was one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe and the first recorded mention of Jews in Switzerland, The community was made up of Jews mostly from Germany and France Jews settled in Bern by 1259, St. Gall in 1268, Zurich in 1273, Schaffhausen, Diessenhofen, and Luzerne in 1299.
		Albert Einstein spent his youth in Switzerland and received his doctorate from Federal Polytechnic Academy in Zurich and was employed by the Swiss patent office.
		It transpired that numerous documents relating to Jewish property in Swiss banks disappeared during the 1940s and 1950s and there was significant pressure in the 1990s and early-21st century to rectify and compensate Holocaust victims and their heirs who were denied their assets in Swiss banks.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/swiss.html (3561 words)

	Drug Policy Alliance: Switzerland
		Switzerland is comprised of 26 states (cantons), each with its own constitution, parliament, government and court system as provided by the Federal Constitution.
		The recent history of Switzerland’s drug policy began in the late the 1960s with the increase in psychoactive drug use.
		The report pointed out that marijuana cultivation in Switzerland had greatly increased during the 1990s and that most of the crop was destined for the illegal market rather than the legal one (e.g.
	www.lindesmith.org /global/drugpolicyby/westerneurop/switzerland (1343 words)

	Horoscope of Switzerland: 12 Sept 1848
		Switzerland Horoscopes of Countries, Mundane Astrology, Nations, Astrocartography of Switzerland, Mundane Horoscope of Switzerland, Astrology Chart of Switzerland, Independence of Switzerland, History of Switzerland, Political Astrology
		Switzerland: Proclamation of the Republic of Switzerland: Asteroids
		Switzerland: Proclamation of the Republic of Switzerland: Dispositor
	members.tripod.com /tra_nations/a_switzerland.htm (312 words)

	Switzerland History
		The league slowly grew to 22 states in 1815.
		In 1648 The Treaty of Westphalia which ended the Thirty Years war officially recognized the independence of Switzerland.
		Switzerland has guarded its neutrality in the many wars the racked Europe ever since 1648.
	www.nationbynation.com /Switzerland/History1.html (60 words)

	Switzerland - Country Profile - Suisse - Schweiz - Svizzera - Switzerland Tourism
		Switzerland's independence and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers and Switzerland was not involved in either of the two World Wars.
		The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, may be rendering obsolete the country's concern for neutrality.
		Switzerland straddles the central ranges of the Alps.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/switzerland.htm (1000 words)

	History of Switzerland: Primary Documents - EuroDocs
		Sources for the History of the Medieval [Germanic] Empire -- Early, High and Late Middle Ages.
		Documentary excerpts of Switzerland's relations with France during the time of the Revolution.
		Documentary excerpts from Switzerland during the First World War, including sources on the General Strike of 1918.
	eudocs.lib.byu.edu /index.php/History_of_Switzerland:_Primary_Documents (789 words)

	Switzerland Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		The roar of water, the tang of salt spray and the chatter of hordes of day-trippers announce the presence of Europe's largest waterfalls.
		Switzerland may be neutral but it is certainly not flavourless.
		The tidy, just-so precision of Swiss towns is tempered by the lofty splendour of the landscapes that surround them.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /destinations/europe/switzerland/history.htm (237 words)

	ScienceLink : Topic : Computer History and Switzerland - Part 2
		The first computer ever built in Switzerland - the ERMETH or " Elektronische Rechen Maschine der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule" - is currently on display at the Technorama in Winterthur.
		The most important components of the Lilith and Ceres' history are on display in a permanent exhibit in the Department of Computer Science at ETH Zurich.
		The most important milestones of the PC's history worldwide are displayed at the Museum of Communication in Bern, in its temporary exhibition, "Control-Alt-Collect.
	www.sciencelink.org /topic/computerhistory_02.htm (600 words)

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