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Topic: History of Togo

	History of Togo
		During the mandate and trusteeship periods, western Togo was administered as part of the British Gold Coast.
		By statute in 1955, French Togo became an autonomous republic within the French union, although it retained its UN trusteeship status.
		On April 27, 1960, in a smooth transition, Togo severed its constitutional ties with France, shed its UN trusteeship status, and became fully independent under a provisional constitution with Olympio as president.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/togo.html (2285 words)

	History - Togo - Africa
		Most of the ethnic groups inhabiting Togo are descended from peoples driven into the area during the 18th and 19th centuries, except for the Ewe, who left the Niger River area for Togo some time between the 11th and 16th centuries.
		Togo was a part of the Slave Coast, a primary area of European slaving activities.
		Togo achieved independence on April 27, 1960, and was admitted to the UN in September.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/togo/history.htm (629 words)

	Togo
		Togo’s economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture which contributes 40 percent of GDP and employs 75 percent of the labor force.
		President Eyadéma was re-elected in 1993 in elections boycotted by the opposition, and retained the presidency in the disputed elections of 1998.
		Although Togo has a presidential system of government, the executive and legislative branches are complementary and work in close cooperation.
	us-africa.tripod.com /togo.html (1317 words)

	The Sacred Isle of Esclavon - Togo
		The people of Togo share a history with Kura of whom they were one people before they declared their independence in 1185 because they did not agree with the peaceful ways of the Kurans.
		Clan Togo had bent all it could bend, and began to wage a war with the surrounding clans in Kura in the year 1090 and it was a bloody affair.
		The terrain of Togo is one of fertile rolling hills that are well populated with greenery and lush forest lands.
	users.telerama.com /~deltas/togo.html (1743 words)

	Togo. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		North of the tableland is a mountainous area comprising the Togo and Atakora mts.
		Togo is comprised of about 37 ethnolinguistic groups, including the Ewe and the Mina in the south and various Voltaic-speaking peoples in the north.
		Togo’s limited road and rail transportation facilities are concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country; Lomé is the main port.
	www.bartleby.com /65/to/Togo.html (1179 words)

	Togo Information Center - jonathan togo
		Togo was split between the British and the French by League of Nations mandates after World ufc togo War I ended in 1918.
		In the north the land is characterized by a gently rolling savannah african history timeline of togo in contrast to the centre of the country which is characterized by hills.
		The south of Togo is characterized by a plateau which reaches to a coastal plain with extensive jonathon togo lagoons pictures of africa togo and marshes.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_T_-_Z/Togo.html (2000 words)

	A short history of Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Present-day Togo is populated by the Ewe since the fourteenth century.
		Togo becomes a League of Nations mandate in 1922, partly administered by Britain (British Togoland) and partly by France.
		A national forum, dominated by opponents of Eyadéma, declares itself to be a sovereign "National Conference." It appoints Joseph Kokou Koffigoh of the Co-ordination des Forces Nouvelles (Co-ordination of New Forces) as prime minister and keeps Eyadéma as president.
	www.electionworld.org /history/togo.htm (537 words)

	Togo HISTORY
		Between the 12th and the 18th century, the Ewe, Adja, and related peoples, who now constitute a majority of the population of southern Togo and adjoining Ghana, came to this area from the Niger River Valley as a result of pressure from the east.
		Although the Volta River formed a natural boundary between Togo and the Gold Coast (now Ghana), as a result of the negotiations, the frontier diverged from the river about 320 km (200 mi) north of Lomé and descended diagonally, so that the so-called Volta Triangle on the left bank became part of the Gold Coast.
		On 13 October 1958, the French government announced that full independence would be granted, and on 27 April 1960, the Republic of Togo became a sovereign nation, with Olympio as president.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Togo-HISTORY.html (1996 words)

	Togo History \| iExplore.com
		At the turn of the 15th century, the area that is now Togo was populated by the Kwa people and tribes from along the Volta river.
		Togo's other major principal exports are the ores from the country's phosphate mines, although revenues have been hit recently by slack demand and low world prices.
		Togo is a member of the CFA Franc Zone, the West African trading bloc ECOWAS and various international commodity organizations.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Togo/History (1035 words)

	Travel in Lome Togo - History
		To a great extent, the history of modern Togo mirrors the history of colonial Africa, as European powers struggled to gain control of overseas territories.Togoland, of which modern Togo was formerly a part, was colonised by the Germans in 1894.
		Their administration was overthrown by a joint Anglo-French force early in World War I after which the country was divided into a French-controlled eastern region and a British-occupied western sector, each of which was governed under a League of Nations mandate.
		For the next 200 years, the coastal region was a major raiding center for Europeans in search of slaves, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "the Slave Coast." In a 1884 treaty signed at Togoville, Germany declared a protectorate over a stretch of territory along the coast and gradually extended its control inland.
	www.africatravelling.net /togo/lome/lome_history.htm (701 words)

	Togo (09/06)
		Togo is bounded by Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, and the Gulf of Guinea.
		Togo’s long-suffering population has seen its living standards decline precipitously since the 1980s, and that trend is unlikely to be reversed without a political accord on the way forward endorsed by the country’s key political actors.
		Togo long served as a regional banking center, but that position has been eroded by the political instability and economic downturn of the early 1990s.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5430.htm (4920 words)

	directopedia : Directory : Sports : Soccer : CAF : Togo
		Togo was split between the British and the French by League of Nations mandates after World War I ended in 1918.
		From the late 1960s to 1980, Togo experienced a booming economy, built largely on its phosphate reserves, and Eyadéma tried to mould the country into a traveller's and investor's paradise.
		The south of Togo is characterized by a plateau which reaches to a coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes.
	www.directopedia.org /directory/Sports-Soccer/CAF-Togo.shtml (1979 words)

	National Togolese Tourism Office
		The Ewes one of the major tribes in Togo cames from the South West of Nigeria and settled first in the valley of Mono wich became an important centre in the 16th century for trade and agriculture.
		Aneho became the capital of German Togo in 1887 and in the latter part of the 19th century, the german influence was felt up to the North of Sokodé.
		Under the rule of the Germans, Togo became the model Colony of Germany in Africa and was based on the establisment of plantations and export of food stuffs and palm oil.
	www.togo-tourisme.com /eng/togo_history.html (758 words)

	Togo Flag,Togo Map, Togo Culture : SphereInfo.com
		Togo is bounded by Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, and the Gulf of Guinea.Togo stretches 579 kilometers (360 mi.) north from the gulf and is only 160 kilometers (100 mi.) wide at the broadest point.
		The food in Togo is among the best in West Africa, and there are lots of places to try it, especially in Lomé.
		Nearly everything is served in a sauce called, handily enough, sauce, and most dishes are accompanied by a starchy substance such as rice, pâte (made with millet, corn, plantains, manioc or yams), ablo (made with corn and sugar), monplé (made with fermented corn) or foufou (don't ask).
	www.sphereinfo.com /togo (1950 words)

	The March Raid: NJL Togo
		Togo was a very unique case in German armed forces as it operated a mixed crew of both Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force), as the radars were operated to Luftwaffe.
		In the beginning of the raid, NJL Togo was not yet on her position at sea, but rather close to the Tallinn port (the one which is now called the Old Port).
		During the second raid of the same night, NJL Togo was already on her assigned position, and the bombers which approached over the sea, were in the range of her guns, but the ship did not open fire, in order to remain undetected.
	users.tkk.fi /~andres/m44/m44togox.htm (2405 words)

	Togo - History
		On September 10, 1956, Nicolas Grunitzky became prime minister of the Republic of Togo.
		During this period, four principal political parties existed in Togo: the leftist Juvento (Togolese youth movement); the Union Démocratique des Populations Togolaises (IDPT); the Parti Togolais du Progrès (PTP), founded by Grunitzky but having limited support; and the Unité Togolaise (UT), the party of President Olympio.
		Under international pressure from the African Union and the United Nations however, who both denounced the transfer of power from father to son as a coup, Gnassingbé was forced to step down on February 25, 2005, shortly after accepting the nomination to run for elections in April.
	www.togo-knowledge.com /History-3.html (2506 words)

	Hip Hop Republican: Togo
		Denmark staked a claim on Togo in the 18th century, but in 1884, Germany signed a deal with a local king, Mlapa, and 'Togoland' became a German colony.
		Togo was split between the British and the French by League of Nations mandates after the war ended in 1918.
		In the north the land is characterized by a gently rolling savannah in contrsat to the centre of the country which is characterized by hills.
	hiphoprepublican.com /2005/04/togo.html (1843 words)

	History of Togo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Little is known about the history of Togo before the late 15th century, when Portuguese explorers arrived.
		During this period, four principal political parties existed in Togo: the leftist Juvento (Togolese youth movement); the Union Démocratique des Populations Togolaises (IDPT); the Parti Togolais du Progrès (PTP), founded by Grunitzky but having limited support; and the Unité Togolaise (UT), the party of President Olympio.
		Under international pressure from the African Union and the United Nations however, who both denounced the transfer of power from father to son as a coup, Gnassingbé was forced to step down on February 25, 2005, shortly after accepting the nomination to run for elections in April.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Togo (2699 words)

	Oxfam's Cool Planet - On the Line - Virtual journey through Togo, history
		The history of Togo goes back to the 11th and 14th centuries, when the Ewé people moved into the area from the Niger River Valley.
		During the 14th and 15th centuries Portuguese explorers and traders visited the area, and because of its central position on what was then called the Slave Coast, Togo became a trading centre for slaves.
		During the 18th century the area that would become Togo was under pressure from the Akwamu Confederacy and the Ashanti Kingdom to the west, and from the Kingdom of Dahomey to the east.
	www.oxfam.org.uk /coolplanet/ontheline/explore/journey/togo/history.htm (293 words)

	Togo - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Negotiations in 2006 led to an agreement (August) that called for a government of national unity that included the opposition; in September, Yawovi Agboyibo, a human-rights activist, was named prime minister.
		Togo military installs son as president after leader dies; African Union calls it coup
		Togo court swears in Faure Gnassingbe as new president
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-togo.html (1458 words)

	Reuters AlertNet - CRISIS PROFILE: A brief history of Togo's crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Here is a brief political history of Togo and a timeline of events leading up to the crisis.
		Togo's first president was killed in a 1963 coup led by a young soldier called Gnassingbe Eyadema, who seized power in his own name in 1967 and ruled for the next 38 years.
		His main opponent Gilchrist Olympio, son of Togo's murdered first president, was barred from 2003 elections and 2005 elections, as he lives in exile.
	www.alertnet.org /thefacts/reliefresources/11199690040.htm (667 words)

	Togo History
		It was dubbed "the slave coast" because of the vigorous slave trade carried on for about 200 years (1600s to 1800s).
		In 1884, the Germans made Togo a protectorate, but as in much of Africa, the aftermath of World War I left the country divvied up between Britain and France, an arrangement supported by the League of Nations.
		The British sector later became a part of Ghana, while the French portion became independent in 1960, becoming the Independent Republic of Togo.
	www.multied.com /NationbyNation/Togo/History1.html (146 words)

	Togo Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		Togo may be small and beachy, but its culture muscles are pumped.
		While Lomé and the beaches that surround it are the big draws for most vacationers, those who push on will be wowed by its unique village cultures and the vivacity of their markets and festivals.
		When To Go Togo spans six geographic zones and ranges in climate from the tropical south to semi-arid north, which make planning a trip a tricky affair.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/africa/togo (311 words)

	Togo
		Republic of Togo, République Togolaise, République du Togo
		In 1922 Togo was partitioned, the Western part or Togoland was administered by Britain with Gold Coast, the East by France as Togo.
		For a Togo rising from the ashes of colonization, green must convey hope for a better life, dawn of a new era.
	flagspot.net /flags/tg.html (1035 words)

	precolonial history of Togo, West Africa
		A gradual shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture began about 5000 years ago with the cultivation of yams in the forest zone surrounding the Togo Mountains and millet in the savanna to the north and south.
		The area of present-day Togo never developed the strong state structures characteristic of Asante to the west or Dahomey to the east.
		Soon, the southern and central parts of Togo fell prey to slave raiders from the neighboring Asante and Dahomey states, and northern regions fell under the domination of the kingdoms of Mamprusi and Dagomba, centered in what is today northern Ghana.
	www.anani.de /togo_history2.htm (379 words)

	Yikpa-Au Village » Blog Archive » A little history of Togo
		Because most of the land in Noth part of Togo where the kabye settled was made of rocky mountains where crops could not grow very well, most of young strong kabye before the independence of Togo (1960), had to work on lands owned by Ewe in the south part of Togo.
		Togo was colonized by Germans from 1884-1919 (towards the end of World War 1) then by French who will give a part of the Togoland territories in recompense to English in Gold Coast (actual Ghana) who helped them win over Germans in Togo.
		Togo will have its independence in 1960 after strong struggle of the people and Sylvanus Olympio would be elected first president of the new Nation.
	yikpa.info /blog/?p=25 (2284 words)

	Togo Flag - World Flags 101 - Togian Flags
		The flag of Togo consists of five equal width horizontal stripes.
		The Togo flag was adopted on April 27, 1960 when Togo gained independence from France.
		Togo's flag features the pan-African colors of red, yellow and green, which have been adopted by many African ex-colonies and which symbolize African independence and unity.
	www.worldflags101.com /t/togo-flag.aspx (257 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Togo, 1884-1918
		Togo, the only German colonial possession not to be subsidized, develops slower than Germany's other colonies.
		Togo surrenders conditionally in August 1914; the German residents were, in violation of the conditions of surrender, expropriated, interned and deported to France.
		Togo, from Deutsche Schutzgebiete in German; and from Traditionsverband, timeline in German
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/westafrica/togo18841918.html (387 words)

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