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Topic: History of Toulouse

	Toulouse. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 843, Toulouse and the surrounding area became a separate county.
		Toulouse was an artistic and literary center of medieval Europe.
		The Univ. of Toulouse was established in 1230 and the Académie des Jeaux Floraux c.1323.
	www.bartleby.com /65/to/Toulouse.html (398 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Toulouse
		Toulouse, chief town of the Tectosagi, at the end of the second century B.C. tried to shake off the yoke of Rome during the invasion of the Cimbri, but at the beginning of the empire it was a prosperous Roman civitas with famous schools in which the three brothers of the Emperor Constantine were pupils.
		From being the capital of the Duchy of Aquitaine, from 631, Toulouse became in 778 the capital of the County of Toulouse created by Charlemagne, and which in the tenth century was one of the main fiefs of the crown.
		The University of Toulouse was founded in 1229, in consequence of a treaty between Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, and Blanche of Castile, regent of France; its object was to prevent by higher theological studies a recrudescence of Albigensianism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14795b.htm (2430 words)

	Guide to Toulouse, France
		The Ville Rose ("Pink City") of France - Toulouse is the capital of good life, a city of students, and a center of cutting-edge European technology, located between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast, with a rich and diverse culture, taste for celebrations and fine food to attract a growing number of new inhabitants.
		The old capital of languedoc and france's fourth-largest city, toulouse (known as la ville en rose, or the city in pink) today is cosmopolitan in flavor.
		Toulouse might be a city with a distinguished historical past, but it is also a city of the future and the high-tech center of the aerospace industry in france.
	www.toulousedefrance.com (272 words)

	History of Toulouse
		Toulouse, France's aeronautics and space exploration capital can today afford to look skywards: its history has given it a solid base from which it can move towards the future with confidence.
		The year 1420 was a turning point in Toulouse's history and marked the beginning of a wonderful century whose dominant theme was prosperity.
		The beginning of the 20th century was characterized by a huge population increase, caused by the arrival of immigrants fleeing the numerous fascist regimes of the period (immigrants came from the north of France in 1914, from Italy in the 1920s and Spain in 1934).
	www.motherearthtravel.com /france/toulouse/history.htm (1086 words)

	History of Toulouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Toulouse's site, on the banks of the Garonne at a ford, was settled before the Roman conquest of the region.
		Toulouse grew to be the third-largest city in Gaul.
		From the ninth to the thirteenth centuries, Toulouse was the seat of one of the most beautiful courts of Europe, where a civilization of refinement and great influence developed (the literature of the Langue d'Oc, the troubadors, etc.).
	www.cict.fr /toulouse/EHistorique.html (508 words)

	City of the month
		It was during this period that the “legend” of the Toulouse Capitole was born.
		A feature of the Middle Ages in Toulouse was the remarkable rise of a middle class: the “capitouls”, an elected assembly which established itself in the administration of the town at the expense of the traditional nobility.
		The Toulouse violet, emblem of the city: the violet, a plant native to Parma, arrived in Toulouse in the 19th century.
	www.music-opera.com /site_english/ville_toulouse_e.htm (3458 words)

	Brainypedia.com - Information On History of Toulouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By the end of the 5th century, the Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse was extending from the Loire Valley in the north to the Strait of Gibraltar in the south, and from the Alps in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
		By the end of the 9th century, Toulouse had become the capital of an independent county, the county of Toulouse, ruled by the dynasty founded by Frédelon, who in theory was under the sovereignty of the king of France, but in practice was totally independent.
		The county of Toulouse took its definite shape, from Toulouse in the west to the Rhone River in the east, a unity that would survive until the French Revolution as the province of Languedoc.
	www.brainypedia.com /h/hi/history_of_toulouse.html (5994 words)

	Toulouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Toulouse is a thriving cultural and commercial center on the Garonne River, just north of the Pyrenees Mountains that separate France from Spain.
		A city rich in art and architectural history, Toulouse is home to two of the most famous churches in southern Europe; the Romanesque Basilica St. Sernin, and the Gothic Cathedral of St. Etienne.
		The Dickinson Study Center in Toulouse, located a short distance from the city center, is in a refurbished villa in a charming park-like setting on the Canal du Midi.
	www.dickinson.edu /departments/arts/toulouse.html (205 words)

	History of Toulouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of Toulouse can be traced as far back as the 8th century BC, according to the oldest archeological evidence of human settlement.
		By the end of the 5th century, the Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse extended from the Loire Valley in the north to the Strait of Gibraltar in the south, and from the Rhone River in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
		Toulouse suffered the explosion of the AZF chemical plant on September 21, 2001.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Toulouse (7830 words)

	CEOS CDROM 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Toulouse may easily be reached from Paris (Charles de Gaulle Airport, Orly Ouest Airport) and from many cities in Europe.
		Toulouse survived the collapse of the Roman Empire and continued to flourish after the 5th century AD as the capital of the Wisigoth Empire and later of the kingdom of Aquitaine.
		Nothing noticeble happened to Toulouse after that period until the end of the 20th century, except of a short fight between napoleonian troops led by Soult and english troops led by Wellington in 1814.
	ceos.cnes.fr:8100 /spring2003.html (643 words)

	Toulouse History information to prepare your Adventure
		Toulouse was perhaps faring a little better than northern France in the sense that its proximity with Muslim Spain meant there was a strong flow of knowledge and culture coming from the schools and printing houses of Cordoba.
		Toulouse was usually victorious, extending the domination of the patria tolosana.
		Toulouse used its newfound wealth to build the magnificent homes and public buildings that are today the core of the old city.
	bonjourlafrance.net /france-city/toulouse-france/toulouse-history.htm (8025 words)

	The history of Toulouse
		The French city of Toulouse is very antique and rich in historic events, and most of its tourist attractions are based on this fact.
		Some centuries later, in the II century AD, Toulouse became one of the main five cities in the western empire, and was allied to Rome.
		Towards the XV century, Toulouse entered into which is known as the Golden age for the town.
	www.eurotomic.com /france/the-history-of-toulouse.php (383 words)

	Toulouse France \| Toulouse Tourism \| Hotels in Toulouse
		The University of Toulouse is the biggest Institute of Higher Education outside of Paris.
		Nevertheless, the real soul of Toulouse is the Capitole (memory of the long and rich history of Toulouse).
		Le Bazacle is a former watchtower round which the old city of Toulouse grew up and has at various times been home to a range of different industries including tanning, spinning and tobacco.
	www.stayresfrance.com /toulouse.html (863 words)

	Toulouse (Municipality, Haute-Garonne, France) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Toulouse is a city of 600,000 inhabitants (incl.
		Therefore, the history of Toulouse merges with the history of Languedoc.
		Pierre Salis (in Archistra, December 1994) claims that the cross of Toulouse is a modification of the Latin cross, attributed to Count Raimond VI.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-31-tl.html (385 words)

	Toulouse - Giverny - Monet - Bormes Les Mimosas - Puy Du Fou - Lisle France - Bistro De Montmartre
		After her death, she bequeathed her estate to the city of Toulouse provided that the âCapitoulsâ, the city magistrates, would pay for the expenses of the "Compagnie des Jeux Floraux"; an association dedicated to preserving the poetry and the regional dialect âOccitane".
		The violet has been a traditional part of Toulouse since the middle ages, but it wasnât until 1850 that we saw it emerge commercially, and grow naturally in the northern part of the city.
		Toulouse is an absolutely gorgeous city, and a place any French traveler should see for its architectural as well as culinary riches.
	www.francemonthly.com /n/0303/index.php (1627 words)

	WCC 2004
		Toulouse appeared in the 4th century B.C. In the 2nd century the city swore allegiance to Rome.
		Toulouse's first claim to historical fame came in the 9th century through the Raymond family.
		Many of Toulouse's important families readily took to this new form of christianity just to demonstrate their dislike to the Royaume de France or central power in Paris.
	www.wcc2004.org /toulouse/art.htm (561 words)

	FIFA Magazine - June 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Not being rich in natural resources, Toulouse was little affected by the industrial revolution in the 19th century, and had to wait until the second half of the 20th before its industry began to take off, almost literally, since its strength is in aeronautics and space technology.
		Constructed in the 1930s, the Municipal Stadium in Toulouse is located on an island between the two arms of the Garonne, close to the centre of town and therefore very accessible.
		And then its gastronomy: the Toulouse area has a strong reputation in this respect too, which is saying a lot in a country that pays a lot of attention to its food.
	www.fifa.com /fifa/pub/magazine/fm6-96.9.html (896 words)

	Wetumpka: Park History
		The French valued Fort Toulouse enough to spend half of their military budget for the whole Louisiana colony for its reconstruction.
		Andrew Jackson came to the area with the Tennessee militia, arriving during the Creek Indian War of 1813-1814, which was fought simultaneously with the War of 1812.
		However, extensive digging was undertaken in the mound and the "Urn Field" by the mound from the 1920's through the 1950's by amateur archaeologists.
	wetumpka.al.us /Default.asp?ID=147 (1513 words)

	Toulouse, France
		In Toulouse, everything starts with the Capitol, the very heart of the city.
		All around, the colourful streets in the old part of the city provide an insight into its rich and vivid past, with their town houses, fountains and pretty squares, museums and churches.
		Joined to the very heart of Toulouse by Saint-Pierre bridge and pont Neuf, they offer magnificent views over the Garonne, which you can also enjoy from Jardin Raymond-IV, from Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques or even from the pleasant prairie des Filtres.
	www.worldfacts.us /France-Toulouse.htm (2284 words)

	Lecture 25: The Holy Crusades
		In 1109 the son of Raymond of Toulouse founded the fourth and last crusader state near the seaport of Tripoli.
		The Crusades certainly accelerated the deterioration of western relations with the Byzantine Empire and contributed to the destruction of that realm, with the disastrous consequences that followed.
		And western colonialism in the Holy Land was only the beginning of a long history of colonialism that has continued into the 20th century.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/lecture25b.html (4180 words)

	Home Page - Corendal Art'Toulouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From 2nd BC to 1st BC: The origins of Toulouse are not clear.
		Relatively protected from the brigands by its ramparts, Toulouse resisted the Francs' pressure in 260.
		The history of this martyr deserves to be known, because it tells of a time of the city which is very little known..
	www.corendal.com /java-corendal/arttoulouse/home (308 words)

	VeloNews: 2003 Tour de France Special Coverage
		Toulouse was one of the original six stage towns, and there have been 23 finishes here, but only two have ended in the city center in the past 30 years.
		In 1978, French sprinter Jacques Esclassan took the fifth of his five career stage wins here, while seven years later, another Frenchman, Frédéric Vichot, renowned as the craziest descender of his generation, took the second of his two stages.
		Toulouse is the European base for most of the Australians in the race, and Crédit Agricole.s Stuart O.Grady will be sure to target this stage.-->
	www.velonews.com /tour2003/news/articles/4368.0.html (194 words)

	Toulouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With 964 797 inhabitants in 2006, the Toulouse metropolitan area is the second largest (although only 30 000 inhabitants more than Bordeaux) in southern France and one of the fastest growing in Europe.
		With 2.2% yearly population growth in the metropolitan area, Toulouse is also by far the fastest growing metropolitan area close to one million inhabitants in Europe.
		Toulouse also hosts the Industrial Economics Institute (Institut D'Economie Industrielle, IDEI) that is become one of the best European research centres in economics as well as its associated graduate school (MPSE - Midi Pyrénées Sciences Economiques) that recruits the ablest students from all countries in the European Union and further afield.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Toulouse (2620 words)

	FIFA.com The Official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Riverside idyll and high-tech: The Pont Neuf, a symbol of Toulouse.
		The fourth largest city in France, Toulouse is home to 365,000 people in the city itself (and over 650,000 in the urban agglomeration) as well as being the capital of the Midi-Pyrénées region, which comprises the department of Ariège, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Lot, Hautes-Pyrénées, Tarn, Aveyron and Tarn-et-Garonne).
		Toulouse's favourite son: Just Fontaine, scorer of a record 13 World Cup goals in 1958.
	www.fifa.com /print/article/0,4039,8412,00.html (888 words)

	A tour in Toulouse
		The rich history of Toulouse is reflected in the city's architectural splendors, such as :
		You may also see many ancient views of Toulouse, of the Haute-Garonne, or the Midi-Pyrenees region on the great server of views of old-time France (in French).
		Finally, Toulouse is the center of a touristic region.
	www.cict.fr /toulouse/EVisite.html (383 words)

	Cheap car hire Toulouse France Toulouse airport cheap car hire cheap airport car hire Toulouse
		Toulouse is located in the South of France, and is considered as the capital of the Midi-Pyrénées region.
		Toulouse is proud of its cultural heritage and patronizes the arts till date.
		A modern city with a rich history, Toulouse is a preferred venue for conventions and trade fairs.
	www.skycars.com /France/cheap_car_hire_toulouse_france.htm (504 words)

	AllRefer.com - Raymond VII, count of Toulouse (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Raymond VII 1197–1249, count of Toulouse; son of Count Raymond VI.
		He fought with his father in the Albigensian Crusade (see under Albigenses), assisting Raymond VI in his attempt to regain Toulouse from Simon de Montfort and Simon's son, Amaury.
		Continuing the war on his father's death (1222), he signed (1223) a truce with Amaury in which the latter renounced the countship of Toulouse.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Raymond7.html (308 words)

	The 10 Most Dynamic Cities - Newsweek: International Editions - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Airbus accounts for a quarter of industrial employment in the department of Haute Garonne, of which Toulouse is the capital.
		The Toulouse suburb where Airbus HQ is located, Blagnac, now has "a head of state visiting every trimester," marvels mayor (and Airbus alum) Bernard Keller, over the din of construction.
		Toulouse's own suburbs are growing even faster than the center.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/13528949/site/newsweek/page/5 (348 words)

	History @ page 1/2 - Corendal Art'Toulouse (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From 7th to 9th: The History of Toulouse is rather obscure after the beginning of the 7th century.
		During the entire Middle-Age, Toulouse was to be directed by its counts..
		In 1229, the Treaty of Paris introduced the University of Toulouse, intending to teach the theology as well as the aristotelician philosophy.
	www.corendal.com.cob-web.org:8888 /java-corendal/arttoulouse/history/;jsessionid=BFDCE547516676E019CD224D3B9090CE (424 words)

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