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Topic: History of Tunisia

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	History of Tunisia Information
		In 44 BC Julius Caesar landed in Tunisia in pursuit of Pompey and Cato the Younger, who had gained the support of the Numidian king Juma I. After Caesar's defeat of the rebels at the battle of Thapsus, much of Numidia was annexed.
		In the 429 Tunisia was captured by the Vandals and became the center of their short-lived kingdom until they were ousted by the Byzantines in 534.
		The Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min (1130 - 1163) conquered Morocco, intervened in Spain, and invaded Algeria and Tunisia.
	www.bookrags.com /History_of_Tunisia (2278 words)

	History of Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 44 BC Julius Caesar landed in Tunisia in pursuit of Pompey and Cato the Younger, who had gained the support of the Numidian king Juma I. After Caesar's defeat of the rebels at the battle of Thapsus, much of Numidia was annexed.
		In the 429 Tunisia was captured by the Vandals and became the center of their short-lived kingdom until they were ousted by the Byzantines in 534.
		In 1861, Tunisia enacted the first constitution in the Arab world, but a move toward a republic was hampered by the poor economy and political unrest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Tunisia (2290 words)

	Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In 1159, Tunisia was conquered by the Almohad caliphs of Morocco.
		Tunisia is in north Africa, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert and between Algeria and Libya.
		Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union (EU) entered into force on March 1, 1998, the first such accord between the EU and Mediterranean countries to be activated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tunisia (1435 words)

	Wikinfo \| Tunisia
		Tunisia was the site of Carthage, a state conquered by the Roman Empire, which withdrew in the 5th century.
		Tunisia is in north Africa, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert.
		Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the EU and Mediterranean countries to be activated.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Tunisia (520 words)

	History (from Tunisia) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Tunisia was called Ifriqiyah in the early centuries of the Islamic period.
		Tunisia's geographic and historical legacy helped prepare it for the shocks it received in the 19th century as a land caught between an expanding Europe and a declining Ottoman Empire.
		Tunisia is strategically important in the Mediterranean region, where its location and ease of access have made it vulnerable to virtually every historical influence in the area.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-93668 (1091 words)

	History of Tunisia
		The Muslim conquest in the 7th century transformed Tunisia's and the make-up of its population, with subsequent waves of migration from around the Arab and Ottoman world, including significant numbers of Spanish Moors and Jews at the end of the 15th century.
		Tunisia became a center of Arab culture and learning and was assimilated into the Turkish Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.
		Tunisia is a leader in the Arab world in promoting the legal and social status of women.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/tunisia.html (728 words)

	TUNISIA - LoveToKnow Article on TUNISIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Tunisia reaches farther north than any other ~part of Africa, Ras-al-Abiadh (Cape Blanc)1 being in 37 20 N. On the south the boundary of the Tunisian Sahara is undetermined, but it may be roughly placed at 310 N. This would give, therefore, a greatest length of something like 44o m.
		Physical FeaturesGeographically speaking, Tunisia is merely the eastern prolongation of the Mauretanian projection of northern Africa, of that strip of mountainous, fertile and fairly well-watered, country north of the Sahara desert, which in its flora and its fauna, and to some extent in its htiman race, belongs rather to Europe than to Africa.
		Nevertheless,, all this southern district of Tunisia bears evidence of once having been subject to a heavy rainfall, which scooped out deep valleys in the original table-land, and has justified the present existence of immense watercourseswatercourses which are still, near their origin, favored with a little water.
	13.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TUNISIA.htm (9461 words)

	Tunisia Daily: content / tunisia history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Tunisia is the smallest of the Maghreb states and consequently the most cohesive.
		Tunisia's security was directly threatened in 1835, when the Ottoman Empire deposed the ruling dynasty in Libya and reestablished direct Ottoman rule.
		Tunisia is keen on supporting international organizations, in particular the United Nations, which it sees as the protector of smaller states and the defender of international law.
	tunisiadaily.com /fz/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.4 (6622 words)

	A short history of Tunisia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Between 1726 and 1821 Tunisia is inside the Ottoman Empire subordinated to Algiers.
		Tunisia remains a monarchy but in 1957 the monarchy is abolished.
		Tunisia is renamed Tunisian Republic and becomes under Burkiba and his PND a one-party state.
	www.electionworld.org /history/tunisia.htm (412 words)

	History of TUNISIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Tunisia is briefly taken in 1534 by the most famous corsair of them all, Khair ed-Din (known to the Europeans as Barbarossa).
		Tunisia becomes a French protectorate in 1881, and Morocco (which has maintained a shaky independence, under its own local sultans, since the end of the Marinid dynasty) follows in 1912.
		The result, in April 1955, is an agreement for Tunisia's internal autonomy with only foreign affairs and defence remaining in French hands (in effect a return to the situation in 1881).
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac93 (1664 words)

	Tunisia on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Occupying the eastern portion of the great bulge of North Africa, Tunisia is bounded on the west by Algeria, on the north and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the southeast by Libya.
		Tunisia is governed under the 1959 constitution, as amended in 1988; the president and members of the chamber of deputies are popularly elected every five years.
		Tunisia's African dimension: Tunisia has been intimately involved in the affairs of the rest of the continent from the era of the fight for independence to the current thrust for economic development.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Tunisia_History.asp (2084 words)

	Tunisia (09/05)
		Tunisia is in the process of economic reform and liberalization after decades of heavy state direction and participation in the economy.
		Tunisia received considerable economic assistance during this period from the United States and European and Arab countries and is one of the few developing countries in the region to have moved into the "middle income" category.
		Tunisia served as the headquarters of the Arab League from 1979 to 1990 and hosted the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) headquarters from 1982 to 1993, when the PLO Executive Committee relocated to Jericho and the Palestinian Authority was established after the signing of the Oslo Agreement.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5439.htm (4111 words)

	Tunisia history
		Tunisia has played host to the leadership and many of the fighters of the Palestine Liberation Organisation since their enforced departure from the Lebanon following the Israeli invasion in 1982.
		Abroad, because of the crisis in Algeria, Tunisia has taken over some of the traditional mediating role which was frequently assumed by Algeria (during the Iran-Iraq war, for example).
		A recent example is Tunisia’s mediation in the dispute between the West and Libya over the extradition of Libyan suspects for the Lockerbie aircraft bombing in 1987.
	www.grouptravels.com /tunisia/tunisia_history.html (588 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Tunisia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Carthage became a major rival to the Roman Republic for the domination of the western Mediterranean in the 4th century B.C Carthage was eventually destroyed, and Tunisia was made part of the Roman Empire.
		In the 5th century A.D., Tunisia was captured by the Vandals and became the capital of their short-lived kingdom.
		In the 7th century, Tunisia was conquered by Arab Muslims and made part of the Umayyad Caliphate.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_tunisia.html (483 words)

	HRI/CORE/1/Add.46 - Core Document - Tunisia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In 1986, Tunisia adopted a large-scale structural adjustment programme comprising, alongside short-term measures designed to halt the deterioration in the economic situation, a series of structural reforms intended to readjust the economy to the new situation through greater flexibility of economic structures, liberalization of private initiative and rehabilitation of market mechanisms.
		Tunisia has possessed a basic form of political organization for over 2,800 years, as its first Constitution was that of Carthage, whose text was cited by Aristotle in his famous work Politics, alongside the Constitution of Sparta in Greece.
		Tunisia has long been known for its mature judicial system and the existence of a generation of magistrates who are jealous of their independence and capable of rendering effective justice.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord1997/documentation/coredocs/hri-core-1-add46.htm (10297 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Near East and North Africa
		Tunisia's constitution was revised in 1988 to permit the president to serve for three five-year terms.
		Tunisia is a leader in the Arab world in the promotion of equal status for women under the law.
		Tunisia and Algeria resolved a long-standing border dispute in 1993 and have cooperated in the construction of a natural gas pipeline through Tunisia that connects Algeria to Italy.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/nea/tunisia9407.html (2416 words)

	BBC SPORT \| WORLD CUP \| History \| 1978: Tunisia break the jinx
		Tunisia's 3-1 victory over Mexico at the Rosario stadium on June 2, 1978 was the first time that an African team won a match at the World Cup.
		Tunisia started that game rather disappointingly, as Vasquez Ayala converted a Mexican penalty at the end of the first half.
		Tunisia only managed a 0-0 draw but Dhiab insists that the scoreline was a moral victory for Africa.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport3/worldcup2002/hi/history/newsid_2004000/2004245.stm (446 words)

	Tunisia at the 2002 World Cup, Korea Japan
		The goals were scored by Ziad Jaziri, for Tunisia (62'), and by Jesper Gronkjaer (17') and Ebbe Sand (67'), for Denmark.
		Tunisia is preparing for its participation in the world cup finals.
		Tunisia is scheduled to play host country Japan as well as Russia and Belgium in the next World Cup Finals (Korea-Japan 2002).
	www.tunisiaonline.com /news/worldcup2002 (999 words)

	The Republic - History - Tunisia - Africa
		On July 25, 1957, the National Assembly overthrew the last vestiges of the monarchy by deposing the bey, proclaiming Tunisia a republic, and electing Bourguiba president.
		On August 5, all beylical properties and funds were confiscated by the republic and applied to a debt of $3,840,000 owed by the bey to the state.
		Tunisia became a member state of the Arab League on October 1.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/tunisia/history/the_republic.htm (440 words)

	Welcome to the travel and tourism guide to Tunisia, culture
		Found in the area of Gafsa, northwestern Tunisia, it is one of a myriad of artifacts and vestiges, some strangely carved and faceted, testifying to man's early presence in Tunisia that are exposed in the Bardo's fine Prehistoric collection.
		While the majority of mosaics and statuary are from Carthage, churches and chapels throughout Tunisia were decorated with mosaics and particularly fine images on grave stones.
		Another page in the long cultural and artistic history of Tunisia is turned as the Bardo Museum brings us the Islamic Art collection, housed in the Hussein Palace.
	www.tourismtunisia.com /culture/bardo.html (774 words)

	Tunisia History
		In 1574, the Ottomans made Tunisia part of their empire, ruling from Constantinople.
		Tunisia became French protectorate in 1881 and by the 20th century, nationalist movements began to surface.
		The stability of Tunisia has been challenged by radical Islamic groups in Tunisia and Algeria.
	www.multied.com /NationbyNation/Tunisia/History1.html (157 words)

	The Pursuit of the Lost Time of Deceits and Illusions: The Case of Tunisia By Dr. Touhami Garnaoui
		Hard work had to be done to restore an image of that kaleidoscope, and to talk about an excursion through the history of the many peoples who landed in Tunisia, an excursion voluntarily full of impulses on a cognitive basis with many empty spaces.
		On the other hand, we endeavored to re-read Tunisia history, one of the more ancient of the world, not by photograms, nor according to an unique interpretative model -- the history as a space-movement according to Braudel for example -- but researching its trajectory which trace the path of history, our personal one.
		Criticism most of all, which means resistance to overhanging nothing, dreaming an advanced Tunisia and an advanced North Africa, most of all in terms of political institutions and of cultural and social works.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/Oldcivilization/phoenicia/tunisia/introducindex.html (614 words)

	Tunisia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Tunisia, at the northernmost bulge of Africa, thrusts out toward Sicily to mark the division between the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea.
		Tunisia was settled by the Phoenicians in the 12th century B.C. By the sixth and fifth centuries B.C., the great city-state of Carthage (derived from the Phoenician name for “new city”) dominated much of the western Mediterranean.
		Tunisia: History - History Early History The coast of Tunisia was settled in 10th cent.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0108050.html (726 words)

	Tunisia: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Around Tunisia, people were living in caves, and survived from hunting and gathering.
		Ibrahim Ibn Aghlab declares himself governor, and the relative independence of Tunisia was accepted by the Caliph Harunu r-Rashid.
		With this protocol the Bardo Treaty of 1881 is abrogated, and Tunisia is consequently an independent nation.
	i-cias.com /e.o/tunisia_5.htm (1925 words)

	History on Tunisia's side (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Conversely, Tunisia, which has never won the title, scraped into the quarter-finals on goal difference over a disappointing Morocco, which suffered its first lost in 15 months when it was beaten by Nigeria 2-0 last Thursday in the
		Tunisia has a history of prevailing in their head-to-head clashes at moments.
		Tunisia qualified for the 1978 World Cup finals at the expense of the Egyptians, and repeated that feat 20 years later to go to France '98.
	www.namibian.com.na /2000/February/Sport/history.html (258 words)

	Tunisia : Location, Map, Area, Capital, Population, Religion, Language - Country Information
		Tunisia is situated on the fringe of the Sahara, and while it has an arid land it is not a stereotypically desert country.
		Throughout history, many peoples, including Romans, Vandals, fl Africans, and Arabs, have invaded or settled in the region that is now Tunisia.
		Membership: Tunisia is a member of the UN, OAU, Arab League, the Islamic Conference and Union of the Arab Maghreb.
	www.arab.de /arabinfo/tunisia.htm (316 words)

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