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Topic: History of Ukraine

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	History of Ukraine - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Ukraine in World War II Following the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact, in September 1939, German and Soviet troops divided the territory of Poland, including Galicia with its Ukrainian population.
		The history of Ukraine between 1991 and 2004 is marked by the presidencies of Leonid Kravchuk and Leonid Kuchma.
		Ukraine's case was a very successful instance of denuclearization by a state eager to join the international community and make allies, but it does not seem likely that the lessons learned can translate to totalitarian states such as North Korea.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Ukraine (4175 words)

	Ukraine - History of the Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Western Ukraine, which was part of Poland, the flag was used for a longer period and memory of it survived.
		It was in Lviv and Western Ukraine that the use of the flag was revived in the Spring of 1989, mostly by nationalist and human rights organizations, such as 'Rukh', 'Ukrainian Helsinki Union' and others [Krawchenko, 1990].
		The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR approved a new flag on 21 November 1949: the upper horizontal stripe, constituting two-thirds of the flag, was red; the lower, azure.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/ua-flhis.html (2404 words)

	History of Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mass arrests of the hierarchy and clergy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church culminated in the liquidation of the church in 1930.
		In 1954, the Russian-populated oblast of Crimea was transferred from the Russian to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic.
		History of: Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Republic of Macedonia • Malta • Moldova • Monaco • Montenegro ;• Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia ;• Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey •
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Ukraine (4085 words)

	History of Ukraine
		Most of the territory of what is modern Ukraine was annexed by Poland and Lithuania in the 14th century, but during that time, Ukrainians began to conceive of themselves as a distinct people, a feeling that survived subsequent partitioning by greater powers over the next centuries.
		Ukraine became an independent state on August 24, 1991, and was a co-founder of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, although it has not officially joined the organization.
		Ukraine’s stated national policy is Euro-Atlantic integration, including with both NATO and the European Union.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/ukraine.html (1560 words)

	Ukraine History
		Ukraine had flourished under Lithuanian rule, and its language became that of the state; but after the organic union of Poland and Lithuania in 1569, Ukraine came under Polish rule, enserfment of the Ukrainian peasants proceeded apace, and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church suffered persecution.
		Ukraine, however, was too weak to stand alone, and in 1654 Chmielnicki recognized the suzerainty of Moscow in the Treaty of Pereyaslavl.
		The last of Ukraine's hetmans was forced by Empress Catherine II to resign in 1764; the Zaporizhzhya Sich was razed by Russian troops in 1775, and Ukraine, its political autonomy terminated, was divided into three provinces.
	www.dompavlov.com /history.htm (2129 words)

	Ukraine Info \| About Ukraine \| History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tsarism pursued a course of Russification of the Ukrainian population of Eastern Ukraine.
		The attainment of state independence of Ukraine and the establishing of it as an equal member of the confederation of independent Slavic countries, with Kyiv as the political center, was the goal of the Brotherhood activities.
		These were 9 provinces (the Soviet Ukraine was later created on their territory) as well as Kuban, the northern and two southern regions of the Bessarabian prince, Kholmsk province, western districts of the Don Army region, and the southern regions of the Voronezh province.
	www.ukraineinfo.us /about/history2.html (5755 words)

	History - the story of a turbulent land and its people
		Archeological finds show that the earliest inhabitants of Ukraine were Neolithic tribes in the Dnipro and Dniester valleys, who had settlements in the area of Kyiv 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.
		In Ukraine, actual revolt was limited and sporadic, although the Ukrainians siezed on the opportunity to strengthen their national identity.
		Ukraine is also building close ties to the European Economic Union and has begun a series of economic reforms.
	www.ukrainepostalexpress.com /history.htm (3518 words)

	OVERVIEW OF CHRISTIAN HISTORY IN UKRAINE
		The traditional Eastern rite of the Kievan Church was preserved and its ethnic, cultural and ecclesial existence was guaranteed, This was confirmed at the Council of Brest in 1596, which is the beginning of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church as an institution.
		The Church in Ukraine is only now rising from the ashes of the Soviet regime as efforts are being made to be morally reborn by the entire European continent and breathe with Christianity's two lungs.
		Having regained its freedom and independence at the beginning of the last decade of the 20th century, Ukraine is trying to become a democratic State with a new constitution, free elections and the indispensable instruments of government.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHISTORY/UKRACATH.HTM (1501 words)

	History of Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ukraine was partitioned between Poland and Lithuania with Tatar Golden Horde remaining in some parts of southern steppes and the Crimea.
		Ukraine was thus left at the mercy of Velmyaninow and his henchmen.
		Between western Ukraine and, the Russian dominated parts on the east side of the Dnipro, was a large territory on the Right Bank, partly de-populated by the recent wars involving the Cossacks, Poles, Russians, Turks and Tatars.
	www.torugg.org /History/history_of_ukraine.html (11664 words)

	History of Ukraine
		The first identifiable groups to populate what is now Ukraine were the Neolithic people of the Trypillian culture, followed by the Iranians (Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians), and Goths, among other nomadic peoples who arrived throughout the first millennium BC.
		Around 600 B.C., the ancient Greeks founded on the north-eastern shore of the Black Sea the colonies of Tyras, Olbia, Hermonassa, perpetuated by Roman and Byzantine cities until the sixth century A.D. Slavic tribes occupied central and eastern plains of Scythia as early as the sixth century.
		Although Christianity had made inroads into Ukraine before the first ecumenical council, the Council of Nicea (particularly along the Black Sea coast) and, in Western Ukraine during the time of empire of Great Moravia, the formal governmental acceptance of Christianity in Rus' occurred at the Baptism of Kiev in 988.
	www.stranslation.com /Ukrainian_Translation/history_of_ukraine.htm (2199 words)

	Ukraine-history
		Austrian Ukraine proclaimed itself a republic in 1918 and was federated with its Russian counterpart; the Allies took little cognizance of Ukrainian claims for Galicia, however, and following World War I (1914-18) awarded that area to Poland.
		Ukraine suffered terribly from the forced collectivization of agriculture and the expropriation of foodstuffs from the countryside; the result was the famine of 1932-33, when more than seven million people died.
		Ukraine was retaken by the USSR in 1944.
	www.ukrainetour.com /tourinfo/Ukraine-history.htm (964 words)

	Ukraine History
		This union of Ukraine's lands proved to be short lived as the West Ukrainian National Government's Army lost the war against Polish expansionists, while the Kiev- based Ukrainian Army was forced out of Ukraine by the Red Army.
		Ukraine learned that "liberation" by the Soviet Army meant a different kind of dictatorship.
		On December 1, in a nationwide referendum, 93% of Ukraine's citizens voted for an independent Ukraine and chose Leonid Krawchuk, former communist ideologist, as their first democratically elected President.
	www.kievukraine.info /ukraine_history.htm (962 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Ukraine
		The Ukraine is a republic in Eastern Europe, which borders the Black Sea to the south, the Russian Federation to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland and Slovakia to the West, Hungary to the south and Romania and Moldova to the west and south.
		Anti-Semitism worsened after the Ukraine was annexed by Russia in 1653, as the Nationalist and Socialist Party of the Ukraine took control over the region.
		After the pogroms of the 1880s, the Ukraine became the birthplace of the Hibbat Zion, the Bilu and the Am Olam movements as well as the “Spiritual Biblical Brotherhood,” which sought to “bring back” the Jews to the religious purity of the Bible and draw them closer to Christianity.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/ukraine.html (2642 words)

	CIUS Press: History of Ukraine-Rus' (vols. 1-10) by Mykhailo Hrushevsky
		Written by Ukraine's greatest historian, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, the ten-volume History remains unsurpassed in its use of sources and literature.
		Appointed professor of history at Lviv University in 1894, he became a leading figure in the Shevchenko Scientific Society and in the scholarly and cultural community centered in Lviv.
		The History was internationally acclaimed at the time of its publication, but in Soviet Ukraine after the 1930s no scholarly references to it were permitted to appear.
	www.utoronto.ca /cius/publications/books/hrushevskycomplete.htm (489 words)

	History of Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Situated on the northern shore of the Black Sea, Ukraine is one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe.
		In Ukraine, as in all other non-Russian republics, this was achieved by requiring the state controlled mass media, schools, colleges, universities and all government offices to communicate only in the "official" Russian language.
		Even though the Ukrainian language, under communism, was sometimes forbidden by law to be spoken in public places in Ukraine, it has survived that outrageous humiliation and has been rightfully reinstated today as the official language of all Ukraine.
	www.thesem.com /history_of_ukraine.htm (1040 words)

	History of Ukraine
		The Mongols invaded her from the East, the Lithuanians from the North, the Ottoman Turks from the South, the Russians from the East, Austria-Hungary from the Southwest and Poland from the North.
		In the Ukraine it was fought primarily as a war of national liberation.
		Ukraine soon awakened to the stark realization that Hitler was there to rape Ukraine of all it's food, rid it of people and annex the rich, fl earth for his own people.
	www.dpcamps.org /histukr.html (4023 words)

	Amazon.ca: Ukraine : A History: Books: Orest Subtelny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1988 Orest Subtelny's Ukraine was published to international acclaim, as the definitive history of what was at the time a state within the USSR.
		Orest Subtelny (Professor of History and Political Science at York University) goes into extreme depth and detail with a text that is significantly enhanced with maps, tables, and the occasional fl-and-white photograph.
		Highly recommended for its lucidity, meticulous attention to detail, and scholarly precision, Ukraine: A History is a "must" for anyone who wants to learn about this fascinating land and its people.
	www.amazon.ca /Ukraine-A-History-Orest-Subtelny/dp/0802083900 (578 words)

	Ukraine Info \| About Ukraine \| History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prince Roman was the first in the history of the Old Rus state to be referred to as "Grand Duke", "Autocrat of the whole Rus".
		The social struggle resulted in the peasants' war which for the first time in the history of Ukraine embraced the greatest part of its territory and proved to be an especially important factor in the development of national revolution.
		During the civil war, which began in Ukraine in the spring of 1658, its leader (first in the state's history) was the first to look for support from the foreign force (not to defend the state independence, but to fight with the domestic opposition and the rising people).
	www.ukraineinfo.us /about/history.html (6035 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Ukraine's political crisis: a timeline
		In the free elections held simultaneously with a referendum on independence from the Soviet Union, Leonid Kravchuk, a former chairman of the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet, is elected president.
		Ukraine adopts a new constitution and currency, the hryvna.
		A general election results in Yushchenko's Our Ukraine coalition having a plurality of seats in the parliament, but not a majority.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/ukraine/timeline.html (1186 words)

	Ukraine Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		Spruced up and ready for the future, Ukraine has never looked more welcoming.
		Ukraine's Orange Revolution has ushered in an new era, and a rousing sense of rebellion and thirst for change still lingers in the air here.
		In the frenetic capital, Kyiv, citizens flaunt bold fashions and fresh attitudes as they smoke, drink, dance and sing wherever and whenever they want.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /destinations/europe/ukraine/history.htm (145 words)

	Ukrainian History: Chronological Table
		All lands that belonged to Ukrainian farmers are taken away and put into a large "kolhosps" (co-operative farms.) People, who didn't want to give their land away are arrested and murdered.
		Discrimination and murders of Ukrainian population in Poland by Polish army and police.
		National movement for the liberation of Ukraine "Rukh" is formed.
	ukraine.uazone.net /history.html (909 words)

	Amazon.com: Ukraine: A History: Books: Orest Subtelny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This book covers the history of "Ukraine" from time immemorial until the late 20th century, laying out all the important dates and leaders.
		It leads us to believe that Ukraine was destined to exist in its current form, when in fact the creation of Ukraine was highly contested and its current shape anything but pre-determined.
		Orest Subtelny's book on Ukrainian history is intelligently written and very readable, among the growing number of books on Ukraine.
	www.amazon.com /Ukraine-A-History-Orest-Subtelny/dp/0802083900 (1110 words)

	CIUS Press: History of Ukraine-Rus', Volume 1 by Mykhailo Hrushevsky
		History of Ukraine-Rus', volume 1, From Prehistory to the Eleventh Century discusses the Ukrainian land and the people who inhabited it from the earliest times up to the formation of the Rus' state and its Christianization.
		His magnum opus, the Istoriia Ukraïny-Rusy (History of Ukraine-Rus'), appeared between 1898 and 1937.
		She is the editor of Documents for the Study of the History of Literature and of Ideological Trends.
	www.utoronto.ca /cius/publications/books/hrushevskyv1.htm (756 words)

	UKRAINE: A HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This impressive book written by a York University professor of history should become the standard work about the Ukraine.
		The book covers Ukraine's history from the earliest to contemporary times.
		Ukraine is clearly a work of erudition that will inform readers of the vitality of that nation's history.
	www.umanitoba.ca /cm/cmarchive/vol17no3/ukrainehistory.html (252 words)

	BRAMA - History of Ukraine - 20th Century
		Ukraine becomes an independent nation; President Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk elected (1991-1994).
		Ukraine's Parliament never ratified the treaty, and it is therefore not a member of the CIS.
		Hungary is first country to establish full diplomatic relations with Ukraine.
	www.brama.com /ukraine/history/century20.html (1576 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - A History of Ukraine - Paul Robert Magocsi
		This is a magisterial history, not because of its bulk but because it deals clearly and well with a vast number of fundamental themes over a thousand-year period.
		Patiently but firmly, Magocsi rejects the Russian historical tradition, which treats the Ukrainian experience as but a rib in the more encompassing history of Russia, and so, too, its Polish counterpart, which over the ages regarded the western half of modern Ukraine as merely the uncivilized but rightful borderland of the Polish empire.
		Instead he builds from the premise that Ukraine and its denizens, whether the ancient Rus of Kiev, the post-medieval Zaporozhian Cossacks, or the adherents of national movements of the nineteenth century, have a separate and distinguishable history, often infused with values quite different from those of the Russians.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19970301fabook3466/paul-robert-magocsi/a-history-of-ukraine.html (234 words)

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