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Topic: History of Vlachs

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Vlachs

Origin of Romanians

List of Vlachs

Macedo Romanian language

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Common Romanian

Aromanian language

Origin of Albanians

Morlachs

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Balkan languages

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	Vlachs
		Since the 19th century the Rumanian historians traditionally claim the Vlachs to be descendants of the ancient Romans who in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD occupied Dacia, a Roman province located in the regions of Transylvania and the Carpathian Mountains of modern Romania.
		This theory cites the major role the Vlachs played in the formation and development of the Second Bulgarian Empire (also known as the Empire of Vlachs and Bulgars; founded 1185) as evidence that the centre of the Vlach population had shifted south of the Danube.
		By the 13th century the Vlachs were reestablished in the lands north of the Danube, including Transylvania, where they constituted the bulk of the peasant population.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/V/Vlachs.html (519 words)

	Vlachs - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Vlach (Vlakh, Wallach) or Ruman race constitutes a distinct division of the Latin family of peoples, Distriba- widely disseminated throughout south-eastern Europe, tion of both north and south of the Danube, and extending the Vlach sporadically from the Russian river Bug to the race.
		The centre of gravity of the Vlach or Ruman race is at present unquestionably north of the Danube in the almost circular territory between the Danube, Theiss and Dniester; Its and corresponds roughly with the Roman province original of Dacia, formed by Trajan in A.D. From this home.
		The Vlachs of Pindus, and the southern region generally, were, on this hypothesis, to be regarded as later immigrants from the lands north of the Danube.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Vlachs (2625 words)

	NL21_2: The Vlachs of Greece
		The Vlachs are a fairly endogamous people, but we all have many ancestors, and, if we carried to its logical conclusion the theory that an ancestor of a particular ethnic group qualified us for membership of that group, we would all be members of a great many groups.
		It was something of an achievement for the Vlachs to be recognized as a separate millet by the Porte in 1905, although this recognition was probably intended mainly as a divisive tactic to sow dissension between Vlach and Greek.
		It seems clear that the Vlachs were the chief losers, as it was their houses which were destroyed both by the rebels and the vengeful Turks.
	www.farsarotul.org /nl21_2.htm (4917 words)

	Giurgia and the Greek vlachs - Koukoudis - by Mavrommati Vaso
		While 'Vlach populations' are presented as milling about over the length and breadth of the central Balkans in the Middle Ages and the Byzantine period, the consolidation of Ottoman rule coincided with a rearrangement of these mediaeval 'Vlach' population groups and their villages and settlements.
		A study of the Vlachs is not a study of an absolutely distinct linguistic group moving about in space and time, but the actual history of the gradual linguistic Latinisation and de-Latinisation of the southern Balkans, with all its local mutations and in direct connection with environmental adaptation and the cultural division of labour.
		The Vlachs' genius as merchants and craftsmen that was born in the mountains served them even more effectively in the dozens of colonies that grew up in almost all the towns in mainland Greece and the most important of the larger villages on the plains and in the foothills.
	www.geocities.com /mavroab/koukoudis3en.htm (3101 words)

	The Rusyns - Rusyn
		The first important event in the history of Carpathian Rus’ occurred during the second half of the ninth century.
		The *Vlachs were originally of Romanian origin, although they were quickly assimilated by the Rusyns.
		The Vlachs moved throughout the entire range of the Carpathians as far west as Moravia.
	www.rusyn.org /rusyns-history.html (5559 words)

	History of the Aromanians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Vlach people are generally considered to have formed during the romanization of south eastern europe, probably from a mix of Roman colonists (from various Roman provinces) and indigenous peoples who were Romanized.
		The Slavic-derived exonym Vlachoi ("Vlachs") became a substitute for the term Armani when it was first used in 976 AD in a chronicle by a Greek author named Kedrinos.
		In the 18th century, as many of the Vlachs became involved in the trade between the Occident and Orient, their main city, Moscopole, became one of the most important and prosperous cities of the Balkans, until it was sacked and pillaged by the Ottomans in 1788.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Vlachs (443 words)

	Romania History - northern Vlachs
		See the page on the southern Vlachs for the Vlachs of the Pindus and Macedonia that separated linguistically around the time of the Slav immigrations and now are known as the Arumani.
		There are few written references to the Vlach peoples as most written accounts during Byzantine and medieval times were from the towns, plains and coasts and it is unlikely the authors even aware of the peoples living in the hills and mountains.
		The Vlachs continued to have ties with the eastern Roman Empire (Orthodox Christians) which was seen as dishonesty towards the Hungarian king.
	www.eliznik.org.uk /RomaniaHistory/Vlach-north.htm (1236 words)

	Vlachs - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Vlachs (also called Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs) are the Romanized population in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romanians, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians and Megleno-Romanians, but since the creation of the Romanian state, this term was mostly used for the Vlachs living south of the Danube river.
		This explains the pockets of Vlachs that could be found all over the Balkans and as far north as Poland and as far west the Czech Republic, and Croatia.
		The religion of the Vlachs is predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christianity, but there are some regions where they are Catholics and Protestants (in Transylvania) and a few are even Muslims (former converts from Greece, living in Turkey since the 1923 exchange of populations).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=321954 (568 words)

	Vlachs
		The Vlach languages have a common origin from the Proto-Romanian language, and the Vlachs themselves originally descend from Roman colonists (from various provinces of the Roman Empire) and Romanised indigenous populations (Dacians, Thracians, and/or Illyrians).
		Whether the Vlachs formed north or south of the Danube is disputed (see Origin of Romanians for more about the dispute about the origin), but a southern limit is set by the Jireček Line.
		The term was originally an exonym, as the Vlachs used various words derived from romanus to refer to themselves (români, rumâni, rumâri, aromâni, arumâni etc).
	www.mlahanas.de /Greece/History/Vlachs.html (1095 words)

	Maverick Vlach habitats: Avdhela, Perivoli, Turia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Eventually in 1905 the Vlachs were recognized by the Turks as forming a separate ‘millet’ or nationality.
		Both schools equally in most of the Vlach villages were financed from outside and in recent years at least most if not all the school-masters employed have been Vlach and not Roumanians.
		One result of this was that Vlach bands soon appeared on the opposite side, but from their numbers and position were compelled to act mainly on the defensive.
	www.vlachophiles.net /des.htm (1786 words)

	Aromanian Vlachs: The Vanishing Tribes
		Doliani – A Vlach phalanx in the slopes of Mount Vermion
		The Vlachs, those whose ways of life sophisticatedly combined sedentarism (and the taste for solid villages and massive stone cottages) with the horizon-widening transhumance (later diversified to transport of goods and business travels) were to fall themselves prey to the temptation of nation-building.
		Grecized Vlachs of today -they argue- simply mutants hit by a self-inflicted amnesia, hosted by a Greek nation-state intolerant to the core, should really not be entitled at all to call themselves 'Vlachs'.
	www.vlachophiles.net (10436 words)

	Amazon.com: The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora: Books: Asterios I. Koukoudis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Their history is a rich one, in which wealth and culture built up over long centuries are often destroyed in a moment, yet the Aromanians did not merely bewail their victimization, but moved to new places (often, but not always, those which contain other Aromanian communities) and built up their lives anew.
		It seems that to be able to speak Vlach not only requires knowledge of the basic vocabulary and syntax, but also a strong emotional attachment to the sound and rhythm of the words which seem to capture the essence of the largely pastoral lifestyle of Vlach speakers.
		One of the main reasons that Vlach has persisted as a language for so long, I think, is because Vlachs have had to rely on their pastoral life for survival for so long, given the instability that has riven this region for such a long time, as a result of either natural disasters or man-made.
	www.amazon.com /Vlachs-Metropolis-Diaspora-Asterios-Koukoudis/dp/9607760867 (2669 words)

	The Myth of Greek Ethnic 'Purity'
		The Vlachs seem to have left Dacia as part of a wave of migration that spread throughout the Balkans from Greece, where they are known as Kutzo Vlachs, Tzintzars, or Aromani, through Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to the Trieste region.
		Vlachs settled in Thessaly, Rourneli, the Ionian islands and the Aegean islands.
		The Romanian Balkan history professor Motiu has said that the Vlachs comprised 7 to 8 percent of the population of Greece, numbering seven to eight hundred thousand.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /AncientMacedonia/greekmyth.html (7427 words)

	Albanian History
		Whatever illusions Kosova's Albanians may have had about receiving better treatment in the new Communist Yugoslavia, where shattered when, in 1944, the partizans launched a large-scale military campaign in Kosova, with the objective of consolidating the communist rule in the region.
		In centuries to come other tests would be put on these people with a tormented history, and they would surpass them too, against all odds.
		History of Albania (A Brief Overview); Kristo Frasheri, Tirana 1964.
	members.aol.com /dxhezo/history.htm (4126 words)

	Columbia Journal of Historiography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The predominance of history over the other disciplines is sweeping, since 130 out of 171 titles were written by historians (76%).
		In addition, this period marks a disciplinary turn: although history remains the leading discipline of inquiry into the Greek Civil War, for the first time nearly one third of scholarly works are produced in other social sciences or are interdisciplinary.
		The oral history methodology and the clinical approach are two significant tools in the interpretation of events "from below." In traditional historiographic approaches, the sources determine the research questions or the answers.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/history/gha/cjh/2003_4.htm (6002 words)

	THE LITTLE VLACH CORNER
		Not too many people heard about them, partly because many Vlachs live as wandering shepherds in remote and mountainous areas, partly beacause of their readiness to merge with other nationalities (the Vlachs are often difficult to distinguish from the medieval Bulgarians or, in modern times, from Greeks or from Serbs).
		The history of the Vlachs evolved at the crossroads of the complex realities and paradigms of the Balkan life so that, in a sense, their culture represents a synthesis of the Balkan model of humanity.
		The relation between Vlachs and Slavs exposes a kind of law of history: conquerors occupy easily exploitable resources, rebels withdraw to to seemingly less hospitable lands where they can still preserve their freedom.
	bastian.freeyellow.com /littlevlachcorner.html (2530 words)

	History and Territorial Evolution of the Christianity.
		The first known mention of Vlachs north of the lower Danube was written by the Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz (1415-1480).
		It relates that Ruthenians, Petchenegs, and Vlachs were in 1070 AD fighting in Moldavia in the army of the prince Wiaczeslav against Boleslaw, who later became the king of Poland (Boleslaw II).
		As this name suggests, the Vlachs are closely linked to the Romanians (having also a Wallachia !): their two languages (which, with a little practice, are mutually intelligible) diverged only in the ninth or tenth century.
	www.religionstatistics.net /histen2.htm/histen.htm (5154 words)

	Romania History - southern Balkan Vlachs
		Bulgarian texts of the 10th century have many references to Vlachs and areas called Great Vlachia and Little Vlachia roughly corresponding to the current Vlach populations and the Vlachs may have fought on the side of the Bulgarians against the Byzantines.
		A description of the Vlachs of Thessaly's life in the 11th century is similar to their life in the early 20th century.
		There may well have been short lived independent states of mainly Vlach populations in the 14th century, In 1350 the Serbs took much of the area followed by the Turks and the history of the Vlachs through this time is sparse.
	www.eliznik.org.uk /RomaniaHistory/vlach-south.htm (919 words)

	Kosovo, Origins: Serbs, Albanians and Vlachs - Noel Malcolm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As this name suggests, the Vlachs are closely linked to the Romanians: their two languages (which, with a little practice, are mutually intelligible) diverged only in the ninth or tenth century.
		While the origins of the Vlachs are obscure enough, the origins of the Albanians have been the subject of a much more bewildering mass of conflicting claims and theories.
		One large group of Vlachs seems to have broken away and moved southwards by the ninth or tenth century; the proto-Romanians stayed in contact with Albanians significantly longer, before drifting north-eastwards, and crossing the Danube in the twelfth century.
	vmro.150m.com /en/nm/kosovo.html (8090 words)

	PDI :: Partia per Drejtesi dhe Integrim
		I think I have met enough Vlachs in Stjar, Shkallë, Novoke, etc. to boost this figure to 10,000 without fear of contradiction and am assuming that the remaining five thousand could be found in the rest of the three districts, including the three main towns.
		The fact is, the history of the Vlachs for the two thousand years after the Roman invasion of the Balkans still remains largely a mystery.
		No Vlachs are marked in Albania, and his version of the Albanian Slav border is well to the East of Lake Ohrid with considerable blocs of Albanians east of Lake Prespa.
	www.pdi-al.com /minorities_situation.html (5420 words)

	South East Europe history home page
		These pages summarise the history of the Balkans and the peoples who have lived there from the Neolithic age to the present times.
		This is a work-in-progress extension of our Romanian History interests to understand the region to put the folklore in context.
		Chronological History of Romania, Constantin Giurescu, Bucharest 1972
	www.eliznik.org.uk /EastEurope/History (454 words)

	Giurgia and the Greek vlachs - Koukoudis - by Mavrommati Vaso
		At first glance, Asterios Koukoudis's Studies on the Vlachs is a huge index of all the Vlach villages in the southern Balkans, an index that includes a historical review of the Vlach metropolitan centres and a lengthier account of the history of the Vlach villages in Central Macedonia.
		As he recounts and records the history of the dense Vlach diaspora, from its metropolitan centres on the ridge of the Pindos Mountains to the furthermost reaches of the south Balkans, and even beyond, Mr Koukoudis reveals how much the Vlachs have contributed to the development of the Greek urban class in this region.
		And this means that the Vlachs should not be regarded as a Hellenised group or as a group divided among the various forms of early twentieth-century national propaganda, but as a genuine branch of the modern Greek nation.
	www.tamos.gr /koukoudis5en.htm (471 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Historical maps of the Vlachs regions
		The Vlachs never created a national state, but there was a small "Principate of Pindus" (under the Vlach fascist A. Diamantis) in the italian occupied northern Greece during WWII.
		The number of the Vlachs are diminishing and the European Union is creating legislation in their favor.
		Of course Greek Vlachs ignored the fascist propaganda during the Axis ocupation.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=14351 (800 words)

	Asterios Koukoudis - Studies on the Vlachs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At first glance, Asterios Koukoudis’s Studies on the Vlachs is a huge index of all the Vlach villages in the southern Balkans, an index that includes a historical review of the ancestral Vlach villages and a lengthier account of the history of the Vlach villages in Central Macedonia.
		As he recounts and records the history of the dense Vlach diaspora, from its ancestral villages along the spine of the Pindos Mountains to the furthermost reaches of the southern Balkans, and even beyond, Mr Koukoudis reveals how much the Vlachs have contributed to the development of the Greek urban class in this region.
		And this means that the Vlachs should not be regarded as a Hellenised group or as a group divided among the various forms of early twentieth-century national propaganda, but as a genuine branch of Romiosyni.
	www.vlachs.gr /uk/prologue-uk.htm (457 words)

	Asen dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Asen dynasty and the Second Bulgarian Empire rose as the leaders of a rebellion of the Vlachs and the Bulgarians from the Byzantine Empire at the turn of the year 1185/1186, rebellion caused by the increase in the Imperial taxes.
		Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly Kaloyan) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs".
		A detail in the chronicles of Nicetas Choniates tell us that Asen spoke Vlach language: a Greek priest was kidnapped by Vlachs of the Haimos Mountains and implored Asen to let him go speaking in the language of the Vlachs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asen_dynasty (587 words)

	Short history of Macedonia
		The history of the ancient Macedonian kingdom begins with Caranus, who was the first known king (808-778 BC).
		And although the revolt was suppressed, Macedonians remember the brief victory as a key date in the country's history and the event is enshrined in Macedonia's constitution.
		Krste Misirkov from Pella (Postol), one of the most outstanding names in the history of Macedonian culture, and the founder of the modern Macedonian literary language and orthography, published his "On Macedonian Matters", in which he projected the principles for standardization of the Macedonian literary language.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /ConciseMacedonia/ShortHistory.html (5577 words)

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