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Topic: History of Western Sahara

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Western Sahara

Politics of Western Sahara

Polisario Front

1957 Invasion of Spanish Sahara

Spanish Sahara

Transnational issues of Western Sahara

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Lagouira

Sahara

Rio de Oro

MINURSO

List of conflicts in the Maghreb

Moroccan Wall

Sahrawi

Economy of Western Sahara

	History of Western Sahara
		The sovereignty of the Western Sahara remains the subject of a dispute between the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), an organization seeking independence for the region.
		The population of the territory is an estimated 400,000.
		Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/westernsahara.html (902 words)

	Western Sahara
		Before Spanish Sahara was a unified province it was divided in two provinces, the Saguiat el-Hamra (the "SA" of "polisario"… and the "EH" of the ISO country code) and Rio de Oro (the "RIO").
		August 1979: Moroccan annexation of the southern (former mauretanian) part of the Western Sahara.
		Obviously (it is similar that) this flag of the PUNS was a derivative from a flag (guidon) of the Ifni-Sahara Maritime Province.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/eh.html (1264 words)

	CorpWatch : Mixing Occuption and Oil in Western Sahara
		Western Sahara is a disputed territory sandwiched between Mauritania and Morocco, on the north African coast of the Atlantic ocean.
		From the middle of the Sahara to all along the coast, West Africa is fast becoming an importance source of oil and gas for the United States.
		Western Sahara is far more visible at the United Nations where its fate is under the management of the Security Council.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=12506 (2368 words)

	Western Sahara - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1) is a territory of northwestern Africa, bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west.
		Western Sahara is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, with some rankings listing it as the least dense.
		Western Sahara is located in Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/EH (738 words)

	Bookfinder.US: Western Sahara History
		Although the war in the Western Sahara recently entered its 16th year, until now very few scholarly works have dealt with the regional and international dimensions of the conflict.
		London may hope that his sound history of the war with the Barbary pirates, published in time for the 2005 bicentennial of the conflict, will inspire readers to support new efforts in the war on terrorism.
		The Eastern Sahara is a truly fascinating place to study prehistory; despite the impression of a hostile environment, widespread and abundant archaelogical evidence suggest that the area was not always a lifeless desert.
	www.bookfinder.us /History/Ancient_History/Western_Sahara_History.html (870 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The creation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was announced in Bir Lehlou in Western Sahara on February 27 1976, as the Polisario declared the need for a new entity to fill what they considered a political void left by the departing Spanish colonizers.
		Provisions are detailed for the transitory phase beginning with independence, in which the present SADR is supposed to act as Western Sahara's government, ending with pre-scheduled constitutional reform and the setting up of a normal state along the lines specified in the constitution.
		In the most recent UN-endorsed peace plan, created by James Baker, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's personal envoy to Western Sahara, the SADR would have been replaced with a five-year transitional Western Sahara Authority (WSA), a non-sovereign autonomous region supervised by Morocco, to be followed by a referendum on independence.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic (1245 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Western Sahara
		The history of Western Sahara is as follows in chronological order beginning in 1000 BC the beginning of Sanhaja Berber migrations into Western Sahara.
		As the struggle of the Polisario for sovereignty in the Western Sahara escalated, it became clear that Mauritania's armed forces were incapable of either asserting its territorial claims in the Western Sahara or defending its own territory.
		Western Sahara has provided data neither for United Nations nor INTERPOL surveys of crime, and Western Sahara is not described in travel warnings by the United States State Department; thus, there is no information on crime in Western Sahara.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/western_sahara.html (4517 words)

	Western Sahara - a history: Africa: News: News24
		Morocco has unveiled an autonomy blueprint for Western Sahara to the United Nations, after the territory's independence movement submitted its own plans to resolve the dispute.
		The UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara is established to oversee the ceasefire.
		2003 - UN proposes Western Sahara becomes a semi-autonomous region of Morocco for a transition period of up to five years, to be followed by a referendum on whether the territory should become independent, semi-autonomous or integrated with Morocco.
	www.news24.com /News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_2098338,00.html (502 words)

	The Arms to Morocco for Western Sahara Scandal
		Western Sahara is on the northwest coast of Africa between Morocco and Mauritania where the Sahara desert meets the Atlantic Ocean.
		During the colonial occupation of Africa the Spanish colonised the area and it was known as Spanish Sahara.
		Mr Cook claimed that the UN said the export of gun parts was permitted under the Morocco-Western Sahara ceasefire agreement of 1991, and that the gun refurbishment project would be "force neutral".
	www.rogerlovejoy.co.uk /news/w-sahara/waronwnt.htm (1572 words)

	Western Sahara
		The indigenous population of Western Sahara are Sahrawis, and their exact number is difficult to estimate — many have moved into mainland Morocco, many others abroad, while a large group have sought refuge in neighbour countries, principally Algeria.
		Morocco's claim to Western Sahara is connected to tribes of the region that had paid allegiance to Moroccan monarchs earlier.
		The Green March, the action of Morocco to claim Western Sahara, has resulted in unity and national pride among Moroccans, where the idea that the capital of Laayoune is an extraordinarily beautiful city, while it is just like anywhere else in Morocco, should be an indicator of how strong sentiments are.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/w_sahara.htm (714 words)

	WSHistory
		Spain colonises the territory later to be known as the Western Sahara (named by the UN in 1975) between Tarfaya and Villa Cisneros (or Dhakla) according to the Berlin conference which divided up Africa between the colonial powers.
		A census of the Western Saharan population is undertaken (to see who is eligible to vote) in preparation for a referendum to be organised by the United Nations.
		MINURSO is mandated to organise a poll asking the population of the Western Sahara whether they would prefer to be intergrated into Morocco officially or to be independent.
	www.globalfootprints.org /world/western_sahara/history.htm (553 words)

	War On Want : Western Sahara : The Dignity of the Ballot
		Western Sahara – The Dignity of the Ballot
		In 1999, as the Timorese achieved their quest for a referendum of self-determination, protesters in the towns of the Western Sahara celebrated the release of a clutch of political prisoners with the slogan "Sahara gharbiya, Timor sharqiya" ("Western Sahara, East Timor").
		In the Western Sahara, Morocco was busy settling its people in the territory, exploiting fisheries and phosphates and preparing to lure foreign oil companies.
	www.waronwant.org /?lid=11053&tmpl=printversion (717 words)

	Snapshot, Africa: Western Sahara
		Western Sahara is a territory of northwestern Africa, bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west.
		Morocco occupied the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal.
		Western Sahara is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, with some rankings listing it as the least dense.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Africaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Africa49.htm (256 words)

	Western Sahara
		The indigenous population of Western Sahara are Sahrawis, and their exact number is difficult to estimate — many have moved into mainland Morocco, many others abroad, while a large group have sought refuge in neighbour countries, principally Algeria.
		Morocco's claim to Western Sahara is connected to tribes of the region that had paid allegiance to Moroccan monarchs earlier.
		The Green March, the action of Morocco to claim Western Sahara, has resulted in unity and national pride among Moroccans, where the idea that the capital of Laayoune is an extraordinarily beautiful city, while it is just like anywhere else in Morocco, should be an indicator of how strong sentiments are.
	i-cias.com /e.o/w_sahara.htm (743 words)

	Mauritania History
		The history of French colonial policy in Mauritania is closely tied to that of the other French possessions in West Africa particularly to that of Senegal on which Mauritania was economically politically and administratively dependent until independence.
		Economically the Western Sahara war which coincided with a period of severe drought dealt a near-fatal blow to Mauritania's development and forced the country to increasingly depend on foreign aid mostly from conservative Arab countries.
		During the next six years the country was ruled by military regimes whose efforts to remain outside the Western Sahara conflict were impeded by the continuing war between Morocco and the Polisario which spilled over into Mauritania's northern regions.
	www.world66.com /africa/mauritania/history (1195 words)

	Friends of Morocco
		UN mission for Western Sahara Following the agreement between the Government of Morocco and the Frente POLISARIO, MINURSO was deployed in September 1991 to monitor the ceasefire and to organize and conduct a referendum which would allow the people of Western Sahara to decide the Territory's future status.
		Friends of the Western Sahara is a website devoted to providing information and analysis on the Western Sahara dispute between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Western Sahara independence movement.
		Sahara Update provides up- to- date news articles, analysis and notifications of major campaign events in favor of a free and fair referendum in Western Sahara and an end to the illegal occupation by Morocco.
	friendsofmorocco.org /sahara.htm (272 words)

	Sahara - Satellite Image of West Africa
		Tours, Travel Sahara Desert - Satellite Image of West Africa continent.
		Pretoria, southafrica Routes, Conservation environment protection, lions, engine girafes, desert and forests wilderness The bull's-eye of the Richat Structure - the barren Gres de Chinguetti Plateau, Mauritania.
		This true-color image were captured by the Terra and Aqua satellites from November 2002 to April 2003 (NASA).
	sahara.africa-atlas.com (1020 words)

	Western Sahara (proposed state): History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Located in northern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean, Western Sahara is surrounded by Algeria to the east, Morocco to the north, and Mauritania to the south.
		Western Sahara: History - History There is evidence of trade between the Western Sahara and Europe by the 4th cent.
		Algeria, the Maghreb Union, and the Western Sahara stalemate.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0759052.html (822 words)

	Flickr: Western Sahara Project
		The Western Sahara Project is an ongoing geoarchaeological project in the Polisario-controlled zone of Western Sahara (see below for more details of history and politics), undertaken in close collaboration with the local authorities.
		The images here are mostly from the "Free Zone" of Western Sahara, an ex-Spanish colonial territory that is disputed between Morocco and the Polisario independence movement, which represents the indigenous Sahrawi people of Western Sahara.
		Western Sahara is effectively partitioned between Morocco and the Polisario, who administer a state-in-exile in neighbouring Algeria, where some 160,000 Sahrawi refugees have lived since the Moroccan invastion of Western Sahara in 1975.
	www.flickr.com /people/western_sahara_project (581 words)

	Western Sahara: 24 Oct 2006: Westminster Hall debates (TheyWorkForYou.com)
		It is tempting to say that the British Government have done absolutely nothing to show that they are on their side, but even that would be wrong, as the Government are doing something worse than nothing—they can be seen to be complicit in the continuing occupation.
		I feel a sense of depression, disappointment and anger that in 2006 we are debating whether the position of the Polisario in representing the people of Western Sahara and in demanding a referendum is the correct one.
		In essence it said that the Western Sahara people should accept the de facto administration of the territories and that at a later stage there should be a referendum on the future of the territory.
	www.theyworkforyou.com /whall/?id=2006-10-24a.407.0 (3884 words)

	ICE Conflict Case ZSAHARA
		Morocco and the Polisario Front are contesting the Western Sahara, a 266,000-square kilometer territory in the northwest corner of Africa.
		The descendants of the Berbers in modern-day Western Sahara are the Tekna.
		Another component of the Western Saharan population is the Reguibat, a large Beduin tribe of Arab origin, whose members trace their ancestry to Sidi Ahmed al-Reguibi, who settled in southern Morocco in 1503.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/ice/SAHARA.HTM (3136 words)

	nhw: November Books 24-27) Four Books on Western Sahara
		The first, however, is an account of a group of American sailors who were shipwrecked off the Saharan coast in 1815, captured and enslaved by the locals, and how their captain and a few of his crew eventually made it to freedom, being bought out by the British consul at Essaouira ("Swearah") in Morocco.
		The other three books all deal with the conflict between Morocco and the indigenous Polisario Front in Western Sahara since the Spanish pulled out of their colony in 1975, reneging on their promise to hold a referendum (said referendum has now been mandated by the UN but has yet to be held).
		Hodges' book, a totally comprehensive guide to the region's history, was published in 1983, since when the world has changed but Western Sahara remains in much the same state.
	nhw.livejournal.com /767172.html (1069 words)

	Western Sahara - Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
		On November 6, 1975 the Green March into Western Sahara began when 300,000 unarmed Moroccans converged on the city of Tarfaya in southern Morocco and waited for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara, in order to claim it for Greater Morocco.
		The indigenous population of Western Sahara is known as Sahrawis, corresponding to the ahl al-sahel (people of the coast).
		Western Sahara - Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (currently recognized by over 40 countries, the SADR only exercises effective control over the territory east of Moroccan Wall, whereas large portion of the territory is occupied by and integrated in Morocco)
	www.naturemagics.com /world-guide/western-sahara.shtm (4754 words)

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