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Topic: History of Colombia

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	Colombia History \| iExplore.com
		The Republic of Colombia was formally established in 1855, four years after the abolition of slavery.
		According to current projections, Colombia is expected to continue exporting oil until 2010 or 2011.
		In February 2006, Colombia signed a Free Trade Agreement with the USA which is expected to come into force from early 2008, subject to ratification by US Congress.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Colombia/History (1171 words)

	The history of the Republic of Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The retrospective history of the Republic of Colombia
		The working-class history of the Republic of Colombia
		The culture history of the Republic of Colombia
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/42/index-d.html (97 words)

	History of Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the Federation of Greater Colombia was dissolved in 1830, the Department of Cundinamarca (as established in Angostura) became a new country, the Republic of New Granada.
		Colombia planned to finance US$4 billion of the estimated US$7.5 billion overall cost, most of which would go towards the social portion of the project, but was ultimately unable to do so due to the state's 1997-1998 economic crisis.
		Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Uruguay · Venezuela
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Colombia (2899 words)

	Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru, to the North by the Atlantic Ocean and to the west by Panama and the Pacific Ocean.
		Within Colombia, the two cultures with the most complex cacicazgo systems were the Tayronas on the Atlantic Coast, and the Muiscas in the highlands around Bogotá, both of which were of the Chibcha language family.
		Colombia is also the first nation in the Americas and the second in the World that developed it's own airline.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colombia (3859 words)

	History of Colombia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In 1863 the name of the Republic was changed officially to "United States of Colombia", and in 1886 adopted its present day name: "Republic of Colombia".
		Colombia planned to finance $4 billion of the estimated $7.5 billion overall cost, most of which would go towards the social portion of the project, but was ultimately unable to do so due to the state's 1997-1998 economic crisis.
		History of Colombia, Pre-Colombian period, Colonial times, Struggle for independence, The Republic, The National Front Regime (1958-1974), Post-National Front years, Post 1990, Recent developments, See also, External links and History of Colombia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Colombia (2930 words)

	\| Review \| The History Teacher, 35.3 \| The History Cooperative
		This is the long-announced survey of the history of Colombia by Frank Safford and Marco Palacios in Oxford's Latin American Histories series.
		But in Safford and Palacios's hands, Colombia's evolution is explained by the development of its distinctive regional cultures, broadly identified as the West (Cauca and Antioquia), the Coast (including Panama), and the Eastern Cordillera.
		However, without a concluding chapter that looks back over the totality of Colombia's history and that moves it up to another level of synthesis, one is left with the impression that Colombia is doomed to continue its present descent into this maelstrom of mindless violence.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ht/35.3/br_17.html (784 words)

	History of Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Spanish sailed along the north coast of Colombia as early as 1500 but their first permanent settlement at Marta was not made until 1525.
		As the Federation of Greater Colombia was in 1830 the Department of Cundinamarca (as established Angostura) became a new country the Republic New Granada.
		Colombia planned to $4 billion of the estimated $7.5 billion cost most of which would go towards social portion of the project but was unable to do so due to the 1997-1998 economic crisis.
	www.freeglossary.com /History_of_Colombia (2214 words)

	An Overview of Recent Colombian History
		For the first time in history, ELN hijacks an airliner shortly after takeoff and forces it to land on an airstrip nearby with the express purpose of kidnapping the passengers and crew.
		Colombia's Congress approves a law setting prison terms of up to 60 years for those convicted of "crimes against humanity," including forced disappearance and displacement and torture.
		Las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia secuestran a cuatro defensores de derechos humanos y su jefe máximo Carlos Castaño lanza una amenaza publica colectiva sin precedente en la que declara blanco militar a todos los defensores de derechos humanos en el país.
	colhrnet.igc.org /timeline.htm (10703 words)

	KAIROSA brief history of Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)*
		Colombian social organizations opposed the infusion of $1.3 billion of mostly military aid, including combat helicopters, arguing it would be turned against guerrilla bases in the south and cause a lethal escalation of what has already become one of the world’s most violent and bloody internal conflicts.
		Colombian organizations argued since the inception of Plan Colombia that the real aim of U.S. military aid – ostensibly for the “war on drugs” – was to combat guerrilla insurgents.
		Chilean army considering intervention in Colombia: A July 2002 report circulated by the Colombian Embassy in Canada claimed the Chilean army is considering participating in a multinational military operation to be led by the U.S. against Colombian guerrillas.
	www.kairoscanada.org /e/countries/colombia/colombiaHistory.asp (2307 words)

	History of COLOMBIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The modern nations of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador are grouped together, from 1740, as the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada with its capital at Bogotá;.
		On December 17 the republic of Gran Colombia is proclaimed.
		Meanwhile Ecuador, the third part of Gran Colombia, has been in political turmoil since independence was first achieved in 1823; and its valuable southern port of Guayaquil has remained a bone of contention with Peru.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab81 (1154 words)

	Colombia: History
		Colombia settled (1917) its boundary disputes with Ecuador, and in 1934 a border clash with Peru over the town of Leticia was settled by the League of Nations in Colombia's favor.
		Colombia's economy began to recover from the setbacks of the early 1970s as economic diversification and incentives to lure foreign capital into the country were initiated.
		Colombia first denied any involvement in the incident, claiming the rebel was captured in a Colombian border town, but subsequently admitted a bounty had been paid.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0857443.html (1837 words)

	Wikinfo \| History of Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the pre-Colombian period, the area now known as Colombia was inhabited by many different indigenous peoples with various kinds of organizations and levels of civilization.
		The Spanish sailed along the north coast of today's Colombia as early as 1500, but their first permanent settlement, at Santa Marta, was not made until 1525.
		Although the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) renewed their truce in March 1986, peace with other revolutionary movements, in particular the AD/M-19--then the largest insurgent group--and the National Liberation Army (ELN) was remote as Betancur left office.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=History_of_Colombia (2244 words)

	Colombia: The Economic Survivor
		The contemporary economic history of Colombia began in 1990, the year that President Cesar Gaviria began his term in office.
		Colombia is a country very susceptible to social problems and these problems do not permit the creation of an environment that is appealing to the international investment community; thereby, impeding major growth and increased stability.
		Secondly, Colombia needs to create focused mediums that improve the distribution of the national income and riches in order to offer better opportunities to all Colombians that will result in the growth of human capital and achieve a high, sustained and more equal development.
	www.colombiajournal.org /colombia16.htm (657 words)

	[ whollyshift.info \| History of Colombia Resources ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As the Federation of Greater Colombia was dissolved in 1830, the Department of Cundinamarca (as inculcated in Angostura) became a unique country, the Republic of New Granada.
		The premier stated objectives of the first Plan Colombia were to quicken peace, combat the narcotics industry, revive the Colombian economy, tighten salute for ethological rights, strengthen the democratic mannerly institutions of the country.
		Colombia planned to finance US$4 billion of the estimated US$7.5 billion umbrella cost, utmost of which would go towards the mannerly fix of the project, but was helpless to do so due to the state's 1997-1998 remunerative crisis.
	www.whollyshift.info /History_of_Colombia (2960 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Colombia, 1870-1918
		Colombia, since 1899 going through yet another civil war, was unwilling to permit the construction.
		In 1904/1907 the border with Brazil was fixed by treaties, to the disadvantage of Colombia.
		Colombia, still deeply suspicious of the United States of America over the secession of Panama, resisted the temptation and stayed neutral.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/samerica/colombia18701918.html (399 words)

	Political and Economic History of Colombia
		Colombia has had its share of violence but typically the battles have been between different civilian political factions.
		In a backlash against the radicals in the PL the electorate of Colombia in 1884 voted for the Conservatives.
		The terrain of Colombia make it relatively costly for the separate regions to communicate, interact and trade.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/colombia.htm (1209 words)

	Jewish Virtual History Tour: Colombia
		Colombia was one of the countries that did not vote for partition in 1947.
		Most Jews in Colombia are not observant and generally not active in religious Jewish life.
		In the mid-1990s the population was 5,650 and, in the early twenty-first century, the Jewish population has decreased to 4,200.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/columbia.html (667 words)

	Colombia - History
		THE HISTORY OF COLOMBIA is characterized by the interaction of rival civilian elites.
		The political elite, which overlaps with social and economic elites, has shown a marked ability to retain the reins of power, effectively excluding other groups and social institutions, such as the masses and the military, from significant participation in or control over the political process.
		In this way, the peasants and urban masses were recruited by the party elite to participate in the civil wars that riddled the nation's history.
	countrystudies.us /colombia/3.htm (1024 words)

	A short history of Colombia
		During the pre-Colombian period, present-day Colombia is inhabited by indigenous peoples who are primitive hunters or nomadic farmers.
		Notwithstanding the country's commitment to democratic institutions, Colombia's history is also characterized by widespread, violent conflict.
		Between 1863 and 1886 Colombia is governed by the liberals.
	www.electionworld.org /history/colombia.htm (789 words)

	History, Travel Colombia, Webcolombia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Soon, a large part of what became Colombia had been conquered by the Spanish, and a number of towns, including Cartagena (founded in 1533), were prospering.
		It was during this period that the first stirrings of national autonomy occurred, but it wasn't until 1819, and the appearance of Venezuelan liberator Simon Bolívar and his army, that independence was achieved.
		Political currents born in the struggle for independence were formalized in 1849 when two parties (dominated by creole elites) were established: the Conservatives with centralist tendencies and the Liberals with federalist leanings.
	www.webcolombia.com /travel/History.htm (443 words)

	PC(USA) - Worldwide Ministries: Colombia - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The great majority of Colombia’s population is concentrated either on the Caribbean coast or in the valleys and mountain basins of the Andes.
		By 1845 two contending parties had formed and they continue to dominate Colombian politics: the Conservative party, which favored strong central government and strong ties with the Catholic Church, and the Liberal party, which favored states rights and separation of church and state.
		Colombia has one of the most violent histories in the Americas.
	www.pcusa.org /worldwide/colombia/history.htm (343 words)

	History of Colombia
		The Spanish sailed along the north coast of Colombia as early as 1500; however, their first permanent settlement, at Santa Marta, was not established until 1525.
		The main objectives of Plan Colombia are to promote peace, combat the narcotics industry, revive the Colombian economy, improve respect for human rights, and strengthen the democratic and social institutions of the country.
		President Alvaro Uribe, a Harvard and Oxford-educated lawyer, was elected President of Colombia in May 2002 on a line platform to restore security to the country.
	www.historyofnations.net /southamerica/colombia.html (1205 words)

	The history of colombia
		don't forget to consider the history of colombia bulletins, the history of colombia newsletters and the history of colombia current events.
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		Consider www.colombia-information.com to find the history of colombia and additional uncommon info regarding Colombia and the history of colombia and also you cannot fail to see places to see from Colombian facts, hotels in bogota colombia, Colombia houses under construction, and in one may definitely notice experience linked to the history of colombia.
	www.colombia-information.com /Colombia-Nation/the-history-of-colombia.html (218 words)

	History of COLOMBIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The most extreme period of liberal-conservative conflict in Colombian history, lasting from 1948 to 1957, is believed to have resulted in at least 200,000 deaths and has become known as la violencia.
		It brings economic advantages to Colombia but also increasing resentment that the two halves of a long-established oligarchy are apparently using the recent crisis to hold on to power.
		In November 1985 a dormant volcano erupts in the region west of Bogotá;, burying under a deep layer of silt the town of Armero and its surrounding district.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1990&HistoryID=ab81 (748 words)

	Colombia encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Colombia politics and officials, Colombian History. Travel to ...
		Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: RepÃºblica de Colombia
		The word "Colombia" comes from the name of Christopher Columbus (CristÃ³bal ColÃ³n in Spanish, Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) and was conceived by the revolutionary Francisco de Miranda as a reference to the New World, especially to all American territories and colonies under Spanish and Portuguese rule.
		This republic collapsed in 1830 when Venezuela and Ecuador separated, the Department of Cundinamarca became a new country, the Republic of New Granada.
	www.colombiaiworld.com (331 words)

	Quick history of colombia
		don't forget quick history of colombia news, quick history of colombia bulletins and quick history of colombia reports.
		Correspondingly, www.colombia-information.com will enlighten you with regard to quick history of colombia and the total region in the viscinity of Colombia and quick history of colombia.
		Colombia images are licensed from World66.com under, and are hereby subject to, the Creative Commons License.
	www.colombia-information.com /Colombia-Nations/quick-history-of-colombia.html (137 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Colombia, 1918-1945
		In the 1920es, Colombia's economy depended heavily on three products, coffee, petrol and bananas; the country was heavily dependent on exports.
		The main achievements of the liberal administration were to reestablish social peace by legalizing the occupation of coffee/banana plantations by squatters and to promote the industrialization of the country, in order to reduce the country's dependency on foreign imports.
		In 1919, in Colombia SCADTA was founded, the world's second commercial airline (after KLM), founded by Germans and using German Junkers planes.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/samerica/colombia191845.html (294 words)

	Education World® - *History : By Region : South America : Colombia
		Colombia - Social Inequities in the Nineties Social Watch provides an analysis of the relationship between economic growth, violence, and social inequity in Colombia's recent history.
		Colombia Human Rights Network Presents an overview of Colombian history since the C19th that focuses on the conflict between competing social and governmental factions.
		Colombia Political History Political Reference Desk offers a chronology of Colombian presidents that stretches from the Camargo regime of 1945 to the Arango regime of 1998.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=8053 (543 words)

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