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Topic: History of computing hardware

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	History of computing hardware - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Computing hardware has been an important component of the process of calculation and data storage since it became useful for numerical values to be processed and shared.
		The history of computing article is a related overview and treats methods intended for pen and paper, with or without the aid of tables.
		First generation computers such as the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the Z3, the Colossus and ENIAC, were built by hand using circuits containing relays or valves (vacuum tubes), and often used punched cards or punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_computing_hardware (5756 words)

	History of computing hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Computing hardware has been an essential component of the process of calculation and data storage since it became necessary for data to be processed and shared.
		The history of computing, is an overview and treats methods intended for pen and paper, with or without the aid of tables.
		First generation computers were usually built by hand using circuits containing relays or vacuum valves (tubes), and often used punched cardss or punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /h/hi/history_of_computing_hardware.html (4162 words)

	History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Microprocessor based computers were originally very limited in their computational ability and speed, and were in no way an attempt to downsize the minicomputer.
		In 1983, Apple Computer introduced the Lisa, the first mass-marketed microcomputer with a graphical user interface, its development was central in the move to such systems for personal computers.
		The iMac was one of the first computers to not use the beige color for casing, but a transparent bondi blue in an ergonomic shape, the iMac sold several million units and is still in production as of 2006 using a different form factor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s-present) (4642 words)

	Timeline of computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the related History of computing.
		An excellent Computer history site; the above is a modified version of his timeline, used with permission.
		History of computing hardware (1960s-present) – third generation and later
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_computing (134 words)

	[No title]
		First generation computers were usually built by hand using circuits containing relays or vacuum valves (tubes), and often used punched cards or punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium.
		Turing's pre-War work was a major influence on the design of the modern computer, and after the War he went on to design, build and program some of the earliest computers at the National Physical Laboratory and at the University of Manchester.
		This University machine became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark I, the world's first commercially available computer except for Konrad Zuse's Z4 which was leased to ETH Zuerich in 1950 (some also point out that LEO I was the computer that was used for the world's first regular routine office computer job in November 1951).
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_computing_hardware.html (2808 words)

	History of computing hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The first working von Neumann machine was the Manchester "Baby", built at the University of Manchester in 1948; it was followed in 1949 by the Manchester Mark I computer which functioned as a complete system using the Williams tube for memory, and also introduced index registers.
		This University machine became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark I, the world's first commercially available computer except for Konrad Zuse's Z4 which was leased to ETH Zürich in 1950 (some also point out that LEO I was the computer that was used for the world's first regular routine office computer job in November 1951).
		This type of hardware limitation was to dominate programming for decades afterward, until the evolution of a programming model which was more sympathetic to software development, some decades later.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_computing_hardware.html (3180 words)

	History of computing hardware - WebArticles.com
		Nomograms, like this Smith chart serve as analog computers for specific classes of problems.Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the 'state of the art', and many thought they were the future of computing.
		Electronic computers became possible with the advent of the vacuum tube.The era of modern computing began with a flurry of development before and during World War II, as electronic circuits, relays, capacitors and vacuum tubes replaced mechanical equivalents and digital calculations replaced analog calculations.
		This type of hardware limitation was to dominate programming for decades afterward, until the evolution of a programming model which was more sympathetic to software development.) By contrast, the transistorized IBM 1620, which replaced the 650, was the size of an office desk.
	www.webarticles.com /print.php?id=126 (4997 words)

	History Of Computing Hardware - Free English Encyclopedia from Turkcebilgi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The defining feature of a andquot;[universal computerandquot; is [programmability, which allows the computer to emulate any other calculating machine by changing a stored sequence of instructions.
		First generation computers such as the [[Atanasoff-Berry Computer]], Z3 and [Colossus were built by hand using circuits containing relays or vacuum valves (tubes), and often used [punched cards or [punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium.
		The first working [von Neumann machine was the Manchester andquot;Babyandquot; or [[Small-Scale Experimental Machine]], built at the University of Manchester in 1948; it was followed in 1949 by the Manchester Mark I computer which functioned as a complete system using the Williams tube for memory, and also introduced [[index register]]s.
	www.turkcebilgi.com /ansiklopedi/english/History_of_computing_hardware (5754 words)

	Hardware index
		This index is a reflection of hardware that is mentioned in the timeline or other sections of this site.
		Parametron, Japanese parallel computer in a totaly different basis
		Star, one of the first desktop computers, but far ahead of its time
	www.thocp.net /hardware/hardware.htm (148 words)

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