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Topic: History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust

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	History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gay men and, to a lesser extent, lesbians, were two of several groups targeted by Nazis during the Holocaust.
		Gay men were denounced as "enemies of the state" and charged with "corrupting" public morality and posing a threat to the German birthrate.
		Gays were not initially treated in the same fashion as the Jews, however; Nazi Germany thought of German gay men as part of the "Master Race" and sought to force gay men into sexual and social conformity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Gays_during_the_Holocaust (2099 words)

	The Holocaust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht pogrom of the 8th and 9th November 1938 and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, leading to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized effort to exterminate every possible member of the populations targeted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.
		The Holocaust was geographically widespread and systematically conducted in virtually all areas of Nazi-occupied territory, where Jews and other victims were targeted in what are now 35 separate European nations, and sent to labor camps in some nations or extermination camps in others.
		Homosexuals were also targets of the Holocaust, as homosexuality was deemed incompatible with Nazism because of their failure to reproduce the "master race." This was combined with homophobia and the belief among the Nazis that homosexuality could be contagious.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holocaust (8678 words)

	A New Perspective On Gay Victims of Nazi Persecution
		Pink Triangle: The Social History of Anti-homosexual Persecution in Nazi Germany, written by Ruediger Lautmann and Erhard Vismar and translated by Page Grubb, supports the demand by the Gay Activists Alliance of Washington, an IGA member organization, that Gay victims of Nazi terror should be honored in all activities and exhibitions commemorating the Holocaust.
		The emotions aroused by the horrors of the Holocaust are strongly shared by the Gay community and are reinforced by the contemporary awareness of the plight of homosexuals in Nazi Germany.
		While such facts hardly exonerate the Nazi treatment of homosexuals, they at the same time do not reflect the ferocity of the monomania which drove the Nazis to genocide of the Jews, even at the expense of their war effort against the Allies.
	www.glaa.org /archive/1981/howellanewperspective.shtml (902 words)

	Germany - Wikitravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Germany [1] (Deutschland in German) is a country in Central Europe and a founding member of the European Union.
		Germany is a member of the European Union and the Schengen Agreement.
		Germany is part of the European Union and the Eurozone; as such it replaced German marks with the euro (symbol: €) in the year 2002.
	wikitravel.org /en/Germany (11701 words)

	The GULLY \| Gay Mundo \| Gays Excluded From Auschwitz Commemoration
		Holocaust survivors and world leaders held a ceremony last week in Poland to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz Nazi death camp by the Red Army.
		But history cannot be erased: "The Nazi campaign against homosexuality targeted the more than one million German men who, the state asserted, carried a 'degeneracy' that threatened the 'disciplined masculinity' of Germany," according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
		Gay men were stripped of their civil rights by the Nazis in 1935 and forced to wear pink triangles to identify them.
	www.thegully.com /essays/gaymundo/050203_gay_auschwitz.html (606 words)

	Views - International Committee for Holocaust Truth: Report #2
		Unlike the dignified and respectful memorialization of Jewish Holocaust victims by their fellow Jews, the "memorialization" of homosexual victims by gay activists is blatantly political and opportunistic.
		And this, after all, is the point of claiming victim status for homosexuals: the "appropriation of the Holocaust, through the emotion of sympathy, in order to manipulate this widely understood, deeply felt record of organized hate for their own parochial purposes" (Katz, The Holocaust in Historical Context, I, 522); i.e.
		Gay influence in the Holocaust education establishment is enhanced by sizable financial donations from the homosexual community.
	www.e-z.net /wtv/v-icht-2.htm (2110 words)

	SPLCenter.org: Making Myths
		In fact, while the number of homosexuals who died in the Holocaust does not approach the number of Jewish or Gypsy victims, the historical record shows that between 50,000 and 100,000 men were arrested for homosexuality (or suspicion of it) under the Nazi regime.
		The myth that Nazis condoned or promoted homosexuality sprang up as a slander against Nazi leaders by their socialist opponents in the 1930s.
		The "gay Nazi" slander stuck, though, partly because German laws against homosexuals remained in place for a quarter of a century after World War II ended.
	www.splcenter.org /intel/intelreport/article.jsp?sid=328 (564 words)

	THE HOLOCAUST\SHOAH PAGE
		In the view of this writer, the term "Holocaust" must be reserved for this specific time and set of events.
		The unanswered questions regarding the Holocaust far outnumber those for which we have answers and the gap between them grows.
		Photographic Gallery of Sinti and Roma in the Holocaust
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/holo.html (770 words)

	<! - meta title - > Queer, Gay History: The Third Reich
		Used by the Nazis to identify homosexual prisoners in German concentration camps, it is a powerful reminder of a grim episode in the history of gay oppression.
		The beginning of the Nazi terror against homosexuals was marked by the murder of Ernst Rohm on June 30, 1934: "the Night of the Long Knives.
		But the law was undoubtedly used primarily against gay people, and the court system was aided in the witchhunt by the entire German populace, which was encouraged to scrutinize the behaviour of neighbours and to denounce suspects to the Gestapo.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/pwh/steakley-nazis.html (3303 words)

	USATODAY.com - Germany opens first official Holocaust memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The site of the new memorial, built at a cost of $36 million, is surrounded by history: It lies just south of the Brandenburg Gate that divided east and west Berlin during the Cold War.
		Germany has other places to commemorate World War II, including concentration camps such as Dachau, mass graves across Germany and Poland, and the former Gestapo headquarters in Berlin.
		The NPD, a neo-Nazi party in east Germany, won 9.2% of the vote and 12 seats in parliament in elections last September.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-05-10-holocaust-usat_x.htm (1033 words)

	Amazon.com: The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals: Books: Richard Plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In this Nazi crusade, homosexual prisoners were confined to death camps where, forced to wear pink triangles, they constituted the lowest rung in the camp hierarchy.
		Republican Arlon Lidner claims that no such persecution of gays in Nazi Europe ever occurred and is somehow tying that argument to his proposal to repeal his state's human rights amendment that protects gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered persons from discrimination.
		The treatment of homosexuals by the Nazi army was harsh and cruel yet the names of the dead resound silent throughout much of history.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0030602793?v=glance (1581 words)

	Hitler was a Leftist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the badge used by the Nazis to designate homosexuals in the concentration camps, the pink triangle perfectly expresses the message of "gay rights." That message is that homosexuals are currently and historically victims of irrational prejudice and that those who oppose homosexuality are hateful bigots.
		Since long before the Nazis, homosexuals had generally lived clandestine lives, so it was not unusual for revelations of their conduct to come as a surprise to their communities when it became a police matter.
		The event in history most frequently cited as evidence of Nazi persecution of homosexuals is known variously as the Blood Purge, the Night of the Long Knives, and the Roehm Purge.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1010512/posts (16340 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Nazi propaganda was broadcast throughout Baghdad, and Iraqis often went on rampages against Jews throughout the war.
		Nazi symbols and Hitler salutes are banned in Germany, yet the Finance Ministry — once Hermann Goering’s Luftwaffe headquarters — was draped in huge red and fl...
		The trial of Holocaust denier Ernest Zundel in the Mannheim state court on charges of libel, incitement and disparaging the dead provides us with another opportunity to examine who the deniers are, their goals and how we should respond to them.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=nazi (5413 words)

	More References on Gays & the Holocaust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Crompton, Louis, "Gay Genocide: From Leviticus to Hitler," in Louie Crew (ed.) The Gay Academic.
		The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War.
		Pink Triangle: The Social History of Antihomosexual Persecution in Nazi Germany.
	www.youth.org /loco/PERSONProject/Resources/Books/nazis2.html (194 words)

	UK Gay News - We Should Also Remember 50,000 Gays Slaughtered In Nazi Concentration Camps
		It is estimated about 50,000 gay men lost their lives in all Nazi concentration camps, where they were also often despised and beaten up by fellow inmates.
		Also, it is equally important that we should realises that the mass-killings by the Nazis came about because Hitler portrayed Jews, and, to a lesser extent, gays and Gypsies as “the enemy”, instilling a sense of fear among the people of Germany in the 1930s.
		An unknown number of gays were put into mental hospitals, and hundreds of gays living in German-occupied countries in Europe were castrated.
	www.ukgaynews.org.uk /Archive/2005jan/2701.htm (754 words)

	Literature of the Holocaust HOME PAGE (Filreis)
		The Literature of the Holocaust (English 293) in the English Gopher at Penn.
		For half a century the author kept much of the history of his life under the Nazis and the destruction of his family and community to himself and only reluctantly shared his thoughts and memories with the closest of friends.
		Germany's neo-Nazis are in a two-year retreat, their political parties banned, their homes searched almost weekly, their physical moves constantly monitored.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/Holocaust/holhome.html (2806 words)

	PERSECUTION OF HOMOSEXUALS
		During the twelve years of Nazi rule, nearly 50,000 were convicted of the crime of homosexuality.
		As Stefan Lorant observed in 1935, the homosexuals `lived in a dream', hoping that the heyday of gays in Germany of the 1920s would last forever.
		A sixty-year-old gay priest was beaten over his sexual organs by the SS and told: `You randy old rat-bag, you can piss with your arse-hole in the future.' He could not, for he died the next day.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/laska.html (755 words)

	Germany
		Penalty: Repealed in 1968 in East Germany; in 1969 in West Germany.
		The age of consent in Germany, regulated by Article 182 StGB is 16, if the "offender" is over 21 years old.
		Germany Pardons Gay Holocaust Victims - May 18, 2002
	www.sodomylaws.org /world/germany/germany.htm (340 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: The Holocaust
		The casual anti-Semitism of much of the Western elite tends to be overlooked in discussions of religious and racial anti-Semitism, but was an important contributor to the tragedy of the Holocaust.
		Patrin: Romani History and Culture, with a specific section on The Holocast [At Geocities]
		Pierre Vidal-Naquet: The Assassins of Memory: Essays on the Denial of the Holocaust [At CMU]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook44.html (949 words)

	Part I - Holocaust Introductory Background Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although the Nazi plan for the murder of all Jews was introduced in each occupied country at different times, the steps in this ruthless scheme were essentially the same.
		The mass annihilation was always preceded by a carefully coordinated sequence: violation of human rights, expropriation of property, removal from employment and ejection to designated areas, usually sealed ghettos or transitory camps.
		Nazi doctors conducted dozens of medical and other experiments on concentration-camp inmates, who often died as a direct result of the studies.
	isurvived.org /TOC-I.html (1380 words)

	Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals -- Bibliography
		He serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society of Northern California in San Francisco.
		Koskovich has presented public talks on the Nazi persecution of homosexuals for community groups, at the University of California (Berkeley and Santa Barbara) and at Mills College in Oakland, Calif.
		Koskovich's text for a 1994 exhibit that he curated on the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students at Stanford University, 1891-1974, is available on the Stanford Queer Resources Directory website.
	members.aol.com /dalembert/lgbt_history/nazi_biblio.html (206 words)

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