
	Where results make sense

Topic: History of large numbers

Related Topics

Names of large numbers

Number names

Bignum

Human scale

New Jersey State Highway 444R

Clash cymbals

Mestizo

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

Lower Mar Valley Falls

Monge Falls

Southern Methodist University

Rockall

Browne Falls

Della Falls

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company

In the News (Wed 9 Jul 08)

Gordon Brown

Derby County

Mike Huckabee

Lute Olson

Pearl Harbor

Sonia Gandhi

Ricky Hatton

Narendra Modi

Jesus Christ

Rudy Giuliani

	Large number
		Large numbers are numbers that are large compared with the numbers used in everyday life.
		Large numbers are often found in science, and scientific notation was created to handle both these large numbers and also very small numbers.
		However, this is still a small number compared with the estimated number of atoms in the Earth, still less compared with the estimated number of atoms in the observable universe.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Large_number.html (391 words)

	Law of large numbers - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The law of large numbers is a term in political theory first coined by Thomas Hobbes in his famous political text, Leviathan.
		Hobbes used this term to describe the behavior of numbers in the state of nature; he argued that, left to themselves, without a general theory of mathematics to overawe them all, numbers would descend into a war of all against all where only the largest numbers survived.
		The usual use in debate is along the political speech formula of "Your (war/policy) has (killed/injured/maimed/widowed/economically ruined) (large number) (people/soldiers/immigrants/minorities)" A notable opponent of the law of large numbers was Josef Stalin, stating that "the death of one man is a tragedy.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Law_of_large_numbers (357 words)

	History of large numbers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One interesting point in using large numbers is the confusion on the term billion and milliard in many countries, and the use of zillion to denote a very large number where precision is not required.
		The ultimate in large numbers was, until recently, the concept of infinity, a number defined by being greater than any finite number, and used in the mathematical theory of limits.
		However, since the nineteenth century, mathematicians have studied transfinite numbers, numbers which are not only greater than any finite number, but also, from the viewpoint of set theory, larger than the traditional concept of infinity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_large_numbers (753 words)

	Introduction to Arithmetic: Numbers and History of Numbers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Many cultures throughout history have represented numbers by repetitions of a vertical or horizontal stroke, 1 by one stroke, 2 by two strokes, etc. In various forms of speech the number five is expressed by the word "hand" or "the hand finished", and ten by "two hands" or "two hands finished".
		The numerical notation for small numbers was quite simple; one was represented by a short, straight, vertical stroke, or wedge, two to nine by two to nine short strokes, 10 by an angle, and 100 by a short vertical wedge followed by a short horizontal wedge (see Diagram 4).
		The cumbersome Roman numerals were inadequate for writing out the large and complicated numbers used in astronomy and, increasingly, in other branches of science, and the invention in the early 17th century of logarithms finally ended their use.
	www.geocities.com /mathfair2002/school/arit/arithm1.htm (3743 words)

	Negative Numbers - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The existence of negative numbers was a subject of much speculation in mathematics beginning in the -12th Century and was one of the nine Millennium Prize Problems for which the Clay Mathematics Institute offered a $1,000,000 prize for a correct solution.
		A few ancient mathematicians (notably, Pythagoras) speculated as to the existence of numbers less than zero, as such numbers would have allowed some of their algebraic equations to be worked out that were otherwise untenable.
		Mathematicians up to that point had been thinking of the existence of numbers in a strictly metaphysical sense, i.e., a number exists if it can ennumerate some physical quantity, that is to say, if you can have that number of _something_.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Negative_Numbers (945 words)

	Irrational Numbers \| World of Mathematics
		Irrational numbers are real numbers in the sense that they appear in measurements of geometric objects--for example, the number pi (), which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the length of its diameter, is an irrational number.
		Irrational numbers were discovered in the school of Pythagoras, a great Greek mathematician who founded a Brotherhood of mathematicians and philosophers in the Italian port town of Cortona in the 6th century B.C. Pythagoras and his followers were not looking for the irrational numbers; on the contrary, they did not expect such numbers to exist.
		Since the discovery of the irrational numbers, mathematicians have gone on to prove that pi is irrational, and likewise that e, the base of the natural logarithm, is irrational.
	www.bookrags.com /research/irrational-numbers-wom (877 words)

	Large Numbers at MROB
		Almost all numbers that are easy to make simple statements about (such as which of two numbers is larger) can be put into the class system.
		Class-1 numbers are those that are small enough to be perceived as a bunch of objects seen directly by the human eye.
		Googol is a class-2 number, as are the various large prime numbers used in cryptography, all of the known Perfect numbers, the Fermat numbers with known factorization, etc. All of the large physical constants like 6.02×10
	home.earthlink.net /~mrob/pub/math/largenum.html (3896 words)

	Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math Archives: Elementary Large Numbers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We are a 3/4 class, studying large numbers.
		I have heard that Graham's number is the largest number with mathematical use.
		The Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel School of Education.
	mathforum.org /library/drmath/sets/elem_large_numbers.html (618 words)

	THHP Question: Numbers Killed
		Historians are able to agree on the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust within about a ten percent margin of error because of the convergence of a large amount of evidence.
		This evidence includes records on the number of people sent to the larger death camps, which were built and used primarily for Jews; reliable demographic studies of the number of Jews in Europe before and after the war; and progress reports from death camps and from organized killing squads in the conquered territories.
		A large number of non-Jews were killed in the camps and elsewhere by the Nazis.
	www.holocaust-history.org /questions/numbers.shtml (2428 words)

	Large Numbers
		But historically, a large number was whatever the prevailing culture deemed it to be an intrinsically circular definition.
		Somewhat above the googol lie numbers that present a sharp challenge to practitioners of the art of factoring: the art of breaking numbers into their prime factors, where primes are themselves divisible only by 1 and themselves.
		LARGE NUMBERS- such as the 100-digit, or googol-size, ones running across the tops of these pages - have become more accessible over time thanks to advances in computing.
	www.fortunecity.com /emachines/e11/86/largeno.html (3119 words)

	Mathematics Archives - Numbers
		In the section on applications there are a number of interactive programs that convert rationals (or quadratic irrationals) into a simple continued fraction, as well as the converse.
		All numbers are not created equal; that certain constants appear at all and then echo throughout mathematics, in seemingly independent ways, is a source of fascination.
		A prime k-tuplet is a sequence of consecutive prime numbers {p1, p2,..., pk} such that, in some sense, pk - p1 is as small as possible.
	archives.math.utk.edu /subjects/numbers.html (1310 words)

	Walking the Berkshires: American History
		It is printed on the front half of a large sheet of thick parchment paper, folded in half, and with a rich, full page watermark bearing the seal of the Secretary of State that is visible when held to the light.
		My mother's work headlines and is featured prominently in a link to a post of mine, and there are some really amazing posts from other fabric artists sharing techniques and ideas that will appeal to those who practice the quilter's art and those who stand in awe of their talents and creations.
		History Carnival XLII is at Holocaust Controversies and as always is chock-a-block with historical (and hysterical) nuggets of all sorts.
	greensleeves.typepad.com /berkshires/american_history/index.html (12410 words)

	Greek numbers
		Today the number 2 is applied to any collection of two objects and 2 is thought of as an abstract property that all such collections of two objects have in common.
		Now this number system is compact but without modification is has the major drawback of not allowing numbers larger than 999 to be expressed.
		Of course writing a large number above the M was rather difficult so often in such cases the small numeral number was written in front of the M rather than above it.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /history/HistTopics/Greek_numbers.html (1648 words)

	Privateline.com Telephone History: EXchange Numbers
		For every block of 9,999 telephone numbers you assign a two or three digit code ahead of it, to designate the telephone switch, just as the four digit code identifies the subscriber.
		All number dialing wiped out all these names and the memories that went them, much angst ensued, and countless editorials mourned their loss.
		But many people did find them useful in remembering a telephone number and millions still feel sad at their passing; I do not mean to devalue anyone's nostalgia or emotions.
	www.privateline.com /TelephoneHistory3A/numbers.html (1481 words)

	Powell's Books - Review-a-Day - Everything and More: A Compact History of Infinity by David Foster Wallace, reviewed by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Clearly every even natural number is a natural number, but there are plenty of naturals that aren't even — namely the odds: 3, 5, 7, 9 and so on.
		After all, the rationals include the naturals, since any natural number can be written as a fraction in lots of different ways (for example, 2 is 2/1, 4/2, 6/3 and so on).
		If you know the math but not the history, it's fascinating to watch whole branches of math (analysis, set theory) grow out of attempts to avoid or justify using these dubious infinities and infinitesimals in calculations.
	www.powells.com /review/2003_11_21.html (1367 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		On reaching the Scamander, which was the first stream, of all that they had crossed since they left Sardis, whose water failed them and did not suffice to satisfy the thirst of men and cattle, Xerxes ascended into the Pergamus of Priam, since he had a longing to behold the place.
		What the exact number of the troops of each nation was I cannot say with certainty- for it is not mentioned by any one- but the whole land army together was found to amount to one million seven hundred thousand men.
		When the numbering was over, the troops were drawn up according to their several nations.
	classics.mit.edu /Herodotus/history.7.vii.html (11490 words)

	Random Numbers \| World of Scientific Discovery
		Random numbers are used in casino games, state lotteries, computer games, clinical trials of new drugs, simulations of random walks, encryption techniques, modeling molecular behavior, testing computer programs, and even in computer graphics for rendering realistic-looking images.
		For example, in a large sample of random numbers, each of the ten digits from 0 to 9 should appear about one-tenth of the time.
		However, because there are only a finite number of possible remainders when a number is divided by m, a researcher using this method could use up all the pseudorandom numbers before finishing an experiment.
	www.bookrags.com /research/random-numbers-wsd (574 words)

	History in a Democratic Age: A Conversation with John Lukacs
		I was interested in history, but it was not until I entered the university that I decided that I was going to get a degree in history, a degree not quite the equivalent to an American Ph.D., but by and large similar.
		When I look back, I was always interested in the kind of literature that has much history in it-- not the historical novel as such, but novels that described a time, a place, and people, how they were, what they were thinking, how they and their places were at a particular time.
		History is scientific in a way, but it is an art in another way, in a different way.
	www.neh.gov /news/humanities/2003-01/democraticage.html (3149 words)

	History of U.S. Naval Operations, Korea: Chapter 11, Part 2
		The nature of the campaign was largely governed by that of the assembled force.
		Continued dependence on this ancient aircraft was made possible by the existence of large numbers of preserved leftovers; in the circumstances prevailing in Korea it gave excellent service, eased the problems of transition, and made possible the useful work of escort and light carriers throughout the war.
		Like the population at large, the Reserve doubtless contained a handful of the politically disaffected: at one point a suspicion of sabotage on one of the fast carriers brought an investigation and the precautionary transfer of a few hands to other duty.
	www.history.navy.mil /books/field/ch11b.htm (2532 words)

	Large Numbers
		The scientific way to talk about large numbers is to write them like this: 1.23*10^45.
		This means that you must move the decimal point 45 places to the right to find the true number.
		The words thousand, million and billion are used in History of the Universe.
	www.historyoftheuniverse.com /bignum.html (275 words)

	Large Numbers at MROB
		Davis, Philip J., The Lore of Large Numbers, New York: Random House, 1961
		At age 5 100 was the biggest number I knew, by age 6 it was 1000000, at age 7 I asked my Mom what was after 1000 and a million and she told me about the (lesser) billion and trillion (10
		That was about as high as anyone had gone at the time, so I turned my attention to computers and began to write programs to manipulate large Class-2 numbers.
	home.earthlink.net /~mrob/pub/math/largenum-6.html (551 words)

	Materials for School National History Day Events at the Wisconsin Historical Society
		School History Day events offer a great opportunity to bring families, school administrators, and other community members into the classroom.
		Schools with large numbers of History Day students generally must have a competitive event at the school in order to select the students who will proceed to the regional level.
		School events vary in size and complexity depending on the number of students participating and the time and resources available.
	www.wisconsinhistory.org /teachers/historyday/school_materials.asp (144 words)

	Cars at Large: Numbers Matching: A definition and explanation (Part I); even you seasoned car guys might learn ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		's, for example, had a three digit engine number (such as J-446), which would identify when the engine was made in the sequence of all Model J engines (starting with J-101 and ending with J-588).
		As you can plainly see, both numbers are identical, indicating that the engine block is the same one that the car left the factory with.
		While my interest is history, my passion is automobiles, especially those from the 'Classics' era (1925-42), but I am also enamoured by Brass era vehicles and a select number of post WWII cars.
	carsatlarge.blogspot.com /2006/10/numbers-matching-definition-and.html (566 words)

	A Short History of Suburban Retail
		For the first time in the history of civilization, large numbers of people lived in one place and worked in another, necessitating a daily commute of some distance between, and increasingly, more and more of those people were still relying on essentially the same pre-existing rural road networks to accomplish this task.
		For the first time in the history of retail in this country -- or anywhere else, for that matter, the size of the box was not being dictated by the density or character of the neighborhood immediately surrounding it, but almost exclusively by the size of the road in front of it.
		In this context, large box retailers were appropriate and welcome, and they made maximum utilization of the existing investment and infrastructure represented by the city.
	www.walkablestreets.com /box.htm (2578 words)

	History Genetics Biology Science
		Use holiday gathering to compile family health historyRoanoke Times, VA - 5 hours agoAccording to Dr. Marilyn C. Jones, president of the American College of Medical Genetics, the family health history is "one of the most important tools in...
		The Year Ahead: Stanford Experts Forecast Medical Trends to Watch...Business Wire (press release), CA - 15 hours agoWomen who have no family history of breast cancer and no history of benign tumors may still want to use hormones to control their menopausal symptoms.
		- Traces the history of the discoveries relating to DNA and inheritance.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Biology/Genetics/History (541 words)

	How to Add Large Numbers - WikiHow
		Adding large numbers can be just as easy as adding single digits if you know the proper technique.
		Write the numbers to be added in a vertical line, aligning the decimal points.
		Mathematicians consider numbers that are 1024 digits long to not be large.
	www.wikihow.com /Add-Large-Numbers (288 words)

	Social Research- Volume 68 No. 2 - Numbers
		Margo Anderson is Professor of History and Urban Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
		Her most recently published paper is “Meditations on the Philosophy of History” in Research in Phenomenology (2001), and her book, Of Myth, Life, and War in Plato’s Republic, is forthcoming in December 2001.
		He is the author of The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning (1998) and is currently engaged in research about the sociology of statistics, especially their construction and their uses.
	www.newschool.edu /centers/socres/vol68/issue682.htm (593 words)

	AEI - Short Publications
		The result, The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning,t is the kind of book that I would ordinarily recommend as professional reading for today's quantitative policy analysts.
		Another virtue of The Politics of Large Numbers is its international sweep, encompassing the experiences of France, Germany, Britain, and the United States.
		From this point of view quantitative history has inherited, via Simiand, Halbwachs, and Labrousse, elements of the Durkheimian school and, even closer to the source, of the mode of thinking centered on averages engendered by Quetelet, who opposed macrosocial regularities to the random, unpredictable, and always different accidents of particular events.
	www.aei.org /publications/filter.economic,pubID.10130/pub_detail.asp (914 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)