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	History of money - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By law the refusal of "legal tender" money in favor of some other form of payment is illegal, and has at times in history (Rome under Diocletian, and post-revolutionary France during the collapse of the assignats) invoked the death penalty.
		It tends to exist in parallel with another form of money such as fiat money or commodity money, wherever banking-style loans are used, and occurs as a by-product of lending.
		According other fables, inventors of money were Demodike(or Hermodike) of Kyme (the wife of Midas), Lykos (son of Pandion II and ancestor of the Lycians) and Erichthonius, the Lydians or the Naxians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_money (4152 words)

	Money - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Money also is typically that which has the least declining marginal utility, meaning that as you accumulate more units of it, each unit is worth about the same as the prior units, and not substantially less.
		Money is supposed to be an honest weight and measure, but you cannot easily measure the changing value of gold by dollars that are changing in value themsleves.
		Money is one of the most central topics studied in economics and forms its most cogent link to finance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Money (2838 words)

	FRB: Speech, Greenspan -- The history of money -- January 16, 2002
		Money, as a store of value, was an early facilitator of savings and one of the great inventions of mankind.
		The history of money is the history of civilization or, more exactly, of some important civilizing values.
		The early history of the post-Bretton Woods system of generalized fiat money was plagued, as we all remember, by excess money issuance and the resultant inflationary instability.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2002/200201163/default.htm (622 words)

	NOVA Online \| Secrets of Making Money \| The History of Money \| PBS
		Historically, many societies have used cowries as money, and even as recently as the middle of this century, cowries have been used in some parts of Africa.
		Metal tool money, such as knife and spade monies, was also first used in China.
		Leather money was used in China in the form of one-foot-square pieces of white deerskin with colorful borders.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/moolah/history.html (799 words)

	THE HISTORY OF MONEY Rothschild Banking
		Truth is most people don't realise that the issuing of money is essentially a private business, and that the privilege of issuing money has been a major bone of contention throughout history.
		Once money is accepted as a form of exchange, those who produce, loan out and manipulate the quantity of money are obviously in a very strong position.
		Money is only as valuable as peoples faith in it, and without that faith even today's money is just paper.
	www.xat.org /xat/moneyhistory.html (3558 words)

	Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis - Money Curriculum Unit - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Money is an item, or commodity, that is agreed to be accepted in trade.
		Representative money is tokens or pieces of paper that are not intrinsically valuable themselves, but can be exchanged for a specific commodity, such as gold or silver.
		Fiat money is similar to representative money except it can't be redeemed for a commodity, such as gold or silver.
	woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us /econed/curric/history.cfm (713 words)

	History of Fiat Money
		In a fiat monetary system, the value of money is based on confidence, and once that confidence is gone, money irreversibly becomes worthless, regardless of its scarcity.
		The purchase of The US Mint in Philadelphia, was the first money appropriated by Congress for a building to be used for a public purpose.
		The first use of fiat money (called Greenbacks) in the United States was in 1862, it was used as a tool to pay for the enormous cost of the Civil War.
	www.ldusa.com /roger/fiat.htm (1329 words)

	History of Money (Becraft) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The history of money is surely as old as the history of mankind, but no attempt shall be made here to elucidate that full history other than to recount certain authoritative works of antiquity which without question affected the concepts of money in western civilization and particularly in English speaking countries, especially the United States.
		A scarce metal is the most obvious form of money imaginable in that it is indestructible in comparison to precious stones, agricultural commodities and especially paper, and this indestructibility gives to it long life as a medium of exchange and thus it is capable of surviving all sorts of calamities, including changes in government.
		History and these authorities demonstrate that gold and silver coin was always money and these substances alone were money and will always be; and the common law sanctioned no other medium of exchange other than gold and silver coin of the standard as determined by Edward.
	www.libertylibrary.us /id53.htm (18170 words)

	The History of Money (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress)
		While the guide includes some mention of issues such as exchange rates and more technical and theoretical issues such as the gold standard or the collection of money, these topics are not the focus of the guide and are not covered in depth.
		Examines the history of money, including the barter system, early trade in North America, unusual types of money such as huge stone disks and salt bars, and the first paper money.
		History of Monetary Systems: Record of Actual Experiments in Money Made by Various States of the Ancient and Modern World, as Drawn from Their Statutes, Customs, Treaties, Mining Regulations, Jurisprudence, History, Archaeology, Coins, Nummulary Systems, and Other Sources of Information.
	www.loc.gov /rr/business/money/history/history.html (706 words)

	A Brief History of Money in Politics
		Candidates needed more and more money in order to campaign, and the men who ran America's burgeoning businesses and industries increasingly sought favors and protection from a government that was becoming more and more involved in taxation, tariffs, and other economic matters.
		While politicians now needed much more campaign money in order to reach many more voters, increased government involvement in the rapidly growing economy (via the introduction of income taxes and anti-trust laws, for example) meant that business interests were simultaneously feeling the need to play a more active role in shaping government policy.
		[17] Although in the ensuing years labor money overall was never able to compete with money from big business, contributions from unions were important, and sometimes decisive, in many races at every level of government.
	www.opensecrets.org /pubs/history/history2.html (1280 words)

	[No title]
		The complexity of the American financial system has provided a paradise for lawyers, while the Byzantine supervisory structure has imposed heavy annual operating costs, currently of over a billion dollars, which have to be carried by banks and their customers, quite apart from the periodic massive reconstruction costs borne impatiently by the US taxpayers.
		It is one of history's exquisite ironies that Europe, or most of it, reached the goal of a single market by 1992 even though it appears doubtful that it will achieve its other goal of a single currency by the year 2000.
		Nevertheless whatever the future of money, claims the author, an optimally adjusted supply is the foundation both of capitalism and of freedom.
	academics.vmi.edu /econ_kg/MandB/historym&b.doc (1684 words)

	Encyclopedia of Acadian-Cajun Genealogy & History: Money
		Sometimes, money was described as follows; if you had 3.5.2, that meant 3 livres, 5 sols, and 2 deniers.
		The money in Canada (argent du Canada) was worth 25% more than in France (argent de France).
		In 1685, the government of New France was badly in need of money (and the coins hadn't arrived).
	www.acadian-cajun.com /money.htm (905 words)

	THE HISTORY OF MONEY Abraham Lincoln's Greenback Dollar
		The money changers were pressing for a gold standard because gold was scarce and easier to have a monopoly over.
		Ernest Seyd Or as explained by Senator Daniel of Virginia "In 1872 silver being demonetized in Germany, England, and Holland, a capital of 100,000 pounds ($500,000.00) was raised, Ernest Seyd was sent to this country with this fund as agent for foreign bond holders to effect the same object (demonetization of silver)".
		Fleecing of the flock is the term the money changers use for the process of booms and depressions which make it possible for them to repossess property at a fraction of its worth.
	www.xat.org /xat/usury.html (3767 words)

	History of money
		This is a reproduction of the introduction and Chapter XIV of History of Money in America From the Earliest Times to the Establishment of the Constitution, by Alexander Del Mar, published 1899.
		I.--The Mixt Moneys case decided that Money was a Public Measure, a measure of value, and that, like other measures, it was necessary in the public welfare that its dimensions of volume should be limited, defined and regulated by the State.
		These labour-saving machines entirely changed the relations of Money to exchange and society; a revolution which was still further advanced by the application of the printing press to the issues of Money, the earliest examples of which, within the scope of the author's researches, were the pasteboard (embossed) dollars of Leyden issued in 1572.
	landru.i-link-2.net /monques/historyofmoney.html (8681 words)

	The History OF Money
		The cowry has served as money throughout history even to the middle of this century.
		In 118 B.C., banknotes in the form of leather money were used in China.
		During the ninth century A.D., the Danes in Ireland had an expression "To pay through the nose." It comes from the practice of cutting the noses of those who were careless in paying the Danish poll tax.
	library.thinkquest.org /28718/history.html (659 words)

	Amazon.com: The History of Money: Books: Jack Weatherford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		His observations on primitive money and its overall development through history are quite excellent as are more contemporary observations on the rich/middle class and the poor use money and the penalities the poor must endure in order perform necessary transactions.
		And as innovations in money advanced those societies in which they arose, so this book must be a discussion of how money changed, and was changed by, the most "advanced" cultures of their time.
		Yet he does not stray far, and his depiction of the squeezing of the citizens of Rome for more and more taxes by successive emperors (plus their dilution of the currency) that led to the destruction of the free small-holding and business-owning classes, and with them the Empire, is chilling and instructive.
	www.amazon.com /History-Money-Jack-Weatherford/dp/0609801724 (2964 words)

	PTMA: A History of Money
		The earliest paper money was invented in China during the 10th cenury.
		Marco Polo noted in 1304, "...All the grand Khan's subjects receive this paper money without hesitation, because, wherever their business may call them, they can dispose of it again in the purchase of merchandise they have occasion for...".
		Paper money was adopted in Europe much later than in Asia and the Arab world -- primarily because Europe didn't have paper.
	www.ptma.org /money.htm (1182 words)

	A Legal History of Money in the United States, 1774-1970 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Legal History of Money in the United States focuses on two main concerns: the determination of the legitimate purposes for which we might use law to affect the money supply and the allocation of legal authority affecting the money supply among different agencies.
		The author describes how law was used to create and maintain a system of money capable of servicing the flow of resource allocations in an economy of broadly dispersed public and private decision making.
		Although the Federal Reserve Act was not aimed clearly at managing money for goals of major economic adjustment, it set precedents by devaluing the dollar and restricting the use of gold.
	www.beardbooks.com /a_legal_history_of_money_in_the_united_states.html (842 words)

	World of money. What is Money? - History of Money - Saving Money - How Money is Made - Money and Society - Studying ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Money has been used in different forms all over the world for over 5,000 years.
		We can define money by seeing how it is used or by looking at all the different forms it has taken.
		A third way is to `invest` your money wisely: to spend it on something with a dependable value.
	money.profigroup.com (182 words)

	Ancient and Medieval Money - History for Kids!
		It is an agreement that this much of some kind of metal (usually gold, silver, or bronze) or paper will be worth this much bread, and this much cheese, and this many slaves.
		Paper money (a promise to pay gold or silver or bronze in exchange for this piece of paper) was first used around 1150 AD, in China during the Sung Dynasty.
		The History of Money: From Sandstone to Cyberspace, by Jack Weatherford (1998).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/economy/money.htm (566 words)

	History of Money, Indian Earth, Nature, Ecology,If people have too much of one thing and not enough of another, they ...
		History of Money, Indian Earth, Nature, Ecology,If people have too much of one thing and not enough of another, they can use their surplus good in exchange for the products that they need..., Environmental Science History of Money, by Manpreet
		As money improved the coins took the form of small discs which became progressively rounder and flatter.
		In the nineteenth century the circulation of paper money become general.
	www.4to40.com /earth/index.asp?article=earth_history_historyofmoney (465 words)

	History of Money
		As stated by the Musee de la Monnaie in Paris, "Money is at the heart of exchanges and therefore of history.
		The bull, for example, was sacred and used in sacrificial exchange with the gods: we will leave a bull at your temple in exchange for your protection.
		Barter naturally introduced money, as the direct exchange to commodities was not always practical.
	www.museumofmoney.org /religion/epage1.htm (255 words)

	OrangeBee Private Monetary System, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The following is a brief history of Money in the United States birth to present.
		The first money used in what is now the United States of America was Private Money.
		Various types of paper money were in use in all of the American Colonies, issued while they were still under English rule.
	www.orangebee.com /history_money.asp (282 words)

	On2 Money / A History of Money
		Money is a fact of life, it always has been.
		These beaded shells, called wampum, were the most common form of money in North America.
		But back in the day when individual banks were allowed to print their own money, the so-called Free Banking Era, America was flooded with various currency notes - many of which were redeemable in gold or silver, but some were worthless.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/on2/money/history.html (512 words)

	The History of Money: A Select Bibliography
		MONEY ECONOMY IN MEDIEVAL JAPAN; A STUDY IN THE USE OF COINS (1951).
		MONEY AND CIVILIZATION: OR, A HISTORY OF THE MONETARY LAWS AND SYSTEMS OF VARIOUS STATES SINCE THE DARK AGES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON CIVILIZATION (1969).
		HISTORY OF COINAGE AND CURRENCY IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE PERENNIAL CONTEST FOR SOUND MONEY (1903).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/3807/features/money.html (586 words)

	CASH HISTORY MONEY RECORD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		History of Money Saving Money How Money is Made...
		For the first time in history, money fund assets bashed through the...
		If digital cash spreads successfully in the 21st century, its history may be written as a record of its...
	history.casha.biz (474 words)

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