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Topic: History of radar

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Passive radar

Radar

Types and uses of radar

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Asdic

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Magnetron

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Technology during World War II

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	Radar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radar is used in many contexts, including meteorological detection of precipitation, air traffic control, police detection of speeding traffic, and by the military.
		Radar absorbing material, containing resistive and sometimes magnetic substances, is used on military vehicles to reduce radar reflection.
		In the transmitted radar signal, the electric field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, and this direction of the electric field is the Polarization of the wave.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radar (4822 words)

	History of radar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Their radar was based on low frequency signals, at least by today's standards, and thus required large antennas, making it impractical for ship or aircraft mounting.
		The next major development in the history of radar was the invention of the cavity magnetron by Randall and Boot of Birmingham University in early 1940.
		The Freya radar was in fact much more sophisticated than its CH counterpart, and by operating in the 1.2 m wavelength (as opposed to ten times that for the CH) the Freya was able to be much smaller and yet offer better resolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_radar (4023 words)

	aSTEROID rADAR hISTORY
		Radar and photoelectric observations of asteroid 2100 Ra-Shalom.
		Radar observations of asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda.
		Radar observations of asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta (1995).
	echo.jpl.nasa.gov /asteroids/PDS.asteroid.radar.history.html (1750 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Radar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This long range radar antenna (approximately 40m (130ft) in diameter) rotates on a track to observe activities near the horizon.
		The radar may try to unify the targets, reporting the target at an incorrect height, or worse - eliminating it on the basis of jitter or a physical impossibility.
		Jamming is problematic to radar since the jamming signal only needs to travel one-way (from the jammer to the radar receiver) whereas the radar echos travel two-ways (radar-target-radar) and are therefore significantly reduced in power by the time they return to the radar receiver.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Radar (3545 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The History of Radar
		True, a bat's radar doesn't use electromagnetic rays, but the working principle is the same as that of a modern radar, with a chirped signal, target-tracking by Doppler estimation, PRF agility, terrain avoidance function, and fine angle measurement based on the monopulse principle.
		Radar was kept highly secret throughout WWII, and only in 1946 was it published that an American device had successfully measured the distance to the moon, which is a round trip of some 770,000km.
		Once a radar warning receiver inside the aircraft detected the signal from a ground-based acquisition or missile guidance radar, the seeker-head of the ARM was cued - and after lock-on, the missile would home in on the source of the signal (the radar itself) and destroy it.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/brunel/A591545 (2404 words)

	Radar
		Radar (radio detecting and ranging) is often called the weapon that won World War II and the invention that changed the world.
		In 1936-37, military radar researchers in the United States developed several devices such as the resonant cavity circuit, the klystron electron tube, and the coaxial and waveguide transmission lines and components that allowed the generation of signals in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Radar gave the British warning of approaching German planes during the Battle of Britain in 1940 and was instrumental in the outcome of the battle.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/radar/Tech39.htm (1774 words)

	lec note radar (Converted)
		A radar signal is bounced back to the antenna when the facet of the surface the radar wave hits is perpendicular to the direction of the ray.
		Radar brightness is also a function of the angle of the radar.
		The number of possible impactors was reduced significantly early in the history of the solar system, and such impactors that can create more than 600 km crater became extremely rare three billion years ago.
	carnap.umd.edu:90 /phil250/250F98/radar.html (1425 words)

	Radar History
		Radar was developed during the early 20th century.
		The idea of radar had been around for a long time before it was actually developed.
		Radar was seen as a way to detect objects such as iceburgs in bad weather when spotlights would be useless.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /earth/Atmosphere/tornado/radar_history.html.wait (579 words)

	The History of radar detectors, jammers and scramblers
		The History of radar detectors, jammers and scramblers
		Radar for cops came on the seen shortly after the second world war and some of the early anti radar devices were "radar reflectors".
		When the first radar detectors came along a huge sigh of relief went up from the multitude only to be let down by the fact that they were very unreliable.
	www.radar-robs-rocky-mountain-scramblers.com /history.htm (887 words)

	Police Radar
		That change in frequency is interpreted by the radar unit and shown to the officer as the target's speed.
		Radars are equipped with a speaker which give a tone reflecting the doppler signal its receiving.
		Masking is a rarely observed error where the radar antenna is pointed at the counting unit (the part of the radar that shows the speed).
	www.pbelectronics.com /police_radar.htm (2196 words)

	Telecommunications History: F. Radar: The Invention that Changed the World Archives
		Radar was basically all the outgunned country had that enabled Fighter Command to husband its too-thin air resources.
		Besides the crucial cavity magnetron, nearly everything about radar could be found in the fl box; and several containers of working sets and components apparently had been sent through separate channels to supplement its contents.
		In any case, as his entourage began sharing extensive details on longwave radar and other subjects with U.S. military representatives in early September, Tizard managed to give the impression of an extraordinary advance without revealing the secret of the cavity magnetron--even when the Navy showed its visitors an experimental, extremely low-powered, 10-centimeter radar system.
	www.privateline.com /mt_telecomhistory/f_radar_the_invention_that_changed_the_world (4639 words)

	Introduction
		RADAR is an acronym coined in the 1934 for RAdio Detection And Ranging (Buderi, 1996; Centre for the History of Defence Electronics).
		The first ground penetrating radar survey was performed in Austria in 1929 to sound the depth of a glacier (Stern, 1929, 1930).
		Ground penetrating radar uses electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering to image, locate and quantitatively identify changes in electrical and magnetic properties in the ground.
	www.g-p-r.com /introduc.htm (546 words)

	NOAA Magazine Online (Story 151)
		A change in frequency occurred when a radar signal was reflected from a moving target, such as a cluster of raindrops – similar to the shift in frequency experienced with a passing sound (e.g., when a train blowing its whistle passes by).
		The Collaborative Radar Acquisition Field Test or “CRAFT,” was another milestone as researchers from NSSL, the University of Oklahoma, the NWS Radar Operations Center, the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research-Unidata, Internet-2, and the National Climatic Data Center were able to prove that access to high-resolution data from multiple radars was technically possible and economically viable.
		Moving radar technology in a different direction, NSSL (in partnership with the University of Oklahoma, Texas AandM and Texas Tech) developed and are using Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radars (also known as “SMART-Radars”).
	www.magazine.noaa.gov /stories/mag151.htm (1755 words)

	Doppler Radar History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Radar was initially theorized and investigated in the early 1920's by Dr. A.
		During this time, it was noticed that the radar beam also echoed from precipitation.
		During the 1950's the original weather service radar was deployed, primarily for the study of tornadoes.
	www.pirateisle.com /gatech2/sciviz/history.html (185 words)

	Radar: Early History of Radar Development in UK
		Radar: Early History of Radar Development in UK Early History of Radar Development in UK
		TRE History gives a short account of the origins of TRE (Telecommunications Research Establishment).
		The Early Days of Radar gives a summary of the early days of radar in the UK.
	www.penleyradararchives.org.uk /history (155 words)

	Franklin's Forecast - RADAR History
		Before RADAR could be born, scientists first needed to understand the principles of radio waves.
		During the war, RADAR operators continually found precipitation, like rain and snow, appearing in their RADAR fields.
		Scientists had not known that RADAR would be sensitive enough to detect precipitation.
	www.fi.edu /weather/radar/history.html (241 words)

	Radar History Groups
		The Archive consists of a few researchers who are studying all aspects of radar history, whether technical or social, and ensuring that this is accurately recorded.
		Consequently, any donations to the running costs of the Historical Radar Archive are always gratefully received as they greatly assist with the work of ensuring the preservation of vital documents, photographs, memories and equipment which tell the story of the development and use of radar.
		The holdings of the Historical Radar Archive consist of tens of thousands of photographs, many hours of film footage, copies of hundreds of official files, recorded interviews and correspondence with thousands of radar veterans of many different nationalities, as well as a library of almost every book ever published on the subject of radar history.
	www.smecc.org /radar_history_groups.htm (580 words)

	2001 Radar Detectors - History - Motor Trend
		Radar units to measure speed of moving vehicles have been around since the end of World War II, introduced in time for the vast expansion of the highway system in the United States and put into widespread use in the 1950s.
		It is this issue that led to the development, in the early 1970s, of the first primitive radar detectors with the Fuzzbuster brand becoming the generic name for all radar detectors.
		Radar detector sales got a big boost after the implementation of the 55-mile-per-hour limit on superhighways after the first Arab oil embargo in 1973.
	www.motortrend.com /features/mobile_electronics/112_0107_2001_radar_detectors/history.html (653 words)

	radar
		Eight Freya radar units were deployed along the western German border in 1938.
		The Freya and Seetakt radars were built by the GEMA company and over 6,000 units were used during WWII.
		A chapter devoted to Hollmann's contribution to radar.
	www.radarworld.org (152 words)

	Amazon.com: A Radar History of World War II: Technical and Military Imperatives: Books: L Brown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is the pre-war history of radar R&D in the USSR.
		Authors of the history technology need a rare combination of divergent skills to write a good technical history; an understanding and passion for the subject, dogged research skills for those subjects that were once classified, and the ability to tell a captivating story.
		Although radar became an esoteric subject almost from the beginning, the necessary technical background is presented clearly and the reader does not have to be an electronics specialist to enjoy the superb panoramic view Brown presents of the development of a technology that changed the face of war - and that of peace as well!
	www.amazon.com /Radar-History-World-War-Imperatives/dp/0750306599 (2000 words)

	History of Radar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Radar and penicillin actually have something in common- They were both discovered by accident
		Generation Radar", and this is what meteorologists currently use to help save lives and predict your weather.
		The expensive radar equipment is protected by the sphere shaped cover.
	weathersavvy.com /Doppler1.htm (233 words)

	2004 Radar Detectors - History - Motor Trend
		While radar as a means of enforcing speed limits has been used since the end of World War II, it came into widespread use in the 1950s as the Interstate highway system was built.
		By measuring and recording the shift in frequency between the original and reflected signal, the radar gun gives a precise measurement of the target vehicle's speed.
		Radar detectors soon caught up with K- and Ka-band radar guns, and law-enforcement agencies felt outgunned, leading to the implementation of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) laser devices to measure speed.
	www.motortrend.com /features/mobile_electronics/112_0402_2004_radar_detectors/history.html (860 words)

	University of North Dakota \| UND Doppler Radar
		In 1993, the radar moved to the top of Clifford Hall at the west end of the UND campus.
		In January 2003, the radar was upgraded with a SIGMET, Inc. digital receiver and signal processor (RVP8), radar antenna controller (RCP8), radar control, analysis and display software (IRIS).
		In January 2004, the radar was upgraded to a dual-polarized system and has been operated in support of the research and academic programs of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences.
	radar.atmos.und.edu (136 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Radar: The Canadian History of Radar
		In this important home defence work, the radar personnel were assisted by women members of the Canadian armed forces who recorded and analyzed the radar information.
		Radar transmits radio waves (at 300,000 km/sec.), and precisely monitors the electronic echo reflected by objects in the area of the transmission.
		RCAF radar veterans of the Second World War formed the Canadian Radar History Project to collect and record information about their accomplishments and experiences.
	www.civilization.ca /cwm/radar/index_e.html (394 words)

	Shop A&E and The History Channel : Radar DVD
		Radar stands for radio detection and ranging, and its invention is one of the pivotal moments of World War II.
		RADAR tells the incredible story of the frenzied wartime development of this landmark technology, and traces it evolution over the years.
		This is the thrilling story of the invention that changed the course of history, leading military insiders to say ""the atomic bomb ended the war, radar won it.""
	store.aetv.com /html/product/index.jhtml?id=73552 (253 words)

	Company History - Radar Inc
		In 1950, company founder, Mac McPherson started the fledgling electronic service and repair business in the basement of his home, which was to later become Radar, Inc. The business was given the name Radar Electric Co. in 1959.
		As a side venture, Radar also sold parts to other individuals and businesses involved in the electronics industry.
		Radar maintains modern inventory management and warehouse facilities that allow for same day shipping of stock product to destinations nationwide.
	www.radarinc.com /cgi-bin/wspl.sh/aboutus (188 words)

	Radar History
		It wasn't until the early 20th century that a radar system was first built.
		One of the biggest advocators of radar technology was Robert Watson-Watt, a British scientist.
		This gave the outnumbered Royal Air Force the edge they needed to defeat the German Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/tornado/radar_history.html (215 words)

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