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Topic: History of rail transport by country

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	By Country History Rail Transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Half of the operated by alstom transport from zaragoza to teruel is by country history rail transport at the.
		Transport collapse in the rpa has of the proposed by renfe to.
		Union in by country history rail transport may with positioning and been on the.
	www.zaworm.co.za /transport/by_country_history_rail_transport.html (765 words)

	Rail transport - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It consists of two parallel rails, usually made of steel, and wooden or concrete sleepers or ties that hold the rails exactly at the proper distance (the gauge) from each other.
		Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient means of mechanised land transport known.
		In the late 18th century iron rails began to appear: British civil engineer William Jessop designed edge rails to be used with flanged wheels for use on a scheme in Loughborough, Leicestershire (in 1789 and subsequently opened an iron-works to produce more rails).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Rail_transport (1477 words)

	Encyclopedia: Rail transport
		This was soon followed by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which proved the viability of rail transport, with George Stephenson's famous Rocket steam locomotive.
		Rail usage statistics by country Passenger rail Passenger-km of rail transport by country, in billion/year: China 405 India 404 Japan 241 Russia 141 Germany 73 Egypt 68 France 67 Ukraine 48 USA 42 Italy 41 South Korea 30 UK 29 Poland 26 Pakistan 19 Spain 18 Indonesia 16...
		Rail gauge is the distance between two rails of a railroad.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Rail-transport (3239 words)

	The Ultimate Rail transport - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient means of mechanised land transport known.
		Rail transport is also one of the safest modes of transport, and also makes a highly efficient use of space: a double tracked rail line can carry more passengers or freight in a given amount of time than a four-laned road.
		In the late 18th century iron rails began to appear: British civil engineer William Jessop designed edge rails to be used with flanged wheels for use on a scheme in Loughborough, Leicestershire (in 1789 and subsequently opened an iron-works to produce more rails).
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Railroad (1672 words)

	Rail transport
		Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads.
		Rail transport makes highly efficient use of space: a double-tracked rail line can carry more passengers or freight in a given amount of time than a four-laned road.
		Rail lines that carry little traffic are often built with a single track used by trains in both directions; on rail lines like these, "crossovers", "passing loops" or "passing sidings", which consist of short stretches of double track, are provided along the line to allow trains to pass each other, and travel in opposite directions.
	www.vetty.com /wpcd/wp/r/Rail_transport.htm (1762 words)

	American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
		Rail transportation was the first efficient cross-country mode of transportation for both passengers and cargo.
		Rail remains a major method of transporting goods throughout the nation, and in many developed nations is the primary mode of passenger travel.
		Rail transportation generated hundreds of spin-off industries, ranging from rail cars and signal equipment; to toy trains, and contributed to the growth and dominance of the U.S. iron and steel industries in the early part of the century.
	www.asce.org /history/monuments_millennium/rail.cfm (298 words)

	History of rail transport in India - Definition, explanation
		A rail system in India was first put forward in 1832 in Madras but it never materialised.
		In March 1870, he was responsible for the linking of both the rail systems, which by then had a network of 6,400 km (4,000 miles).
		In 1951, the rail networks were abandoned in favour of zones.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/hi/history_of_rail_transport_in_india.php (879 words)

	History of UK Transport Policy (UK Transport Policy and Planning) - TRANSPORT ISSUES
		Called "European transport policy for 2010 : time to decide" it provides a framework for transport policy across the whole of the EU for the next 10 years.
		The latest major statement of government policy regarding rail transport is the White Paper entitled "The Future of Rail" which was published in July 2004.
		The latest major statement of government transport policy is the White Paper entitled "The Future of Transport: a network for 2030" which was published in July 2004.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /transportissues/uktp_history.shtml (1801 words)

	History of rail transport - Definition, explanation
		Rail transport has a long history, including systems with man or horse power and rails of wood or stone.
		The steam locomotive was invented in the early stages of the industrial revolution, and railroads became essential to the swift movement of goods and labour that was needed for industrialization.
		History and pictures of the development on the railways in tyneside and northumberland with maps and pictures of bridges and stations History and pictures of the development on the railways in tyneside...
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/hi/history_of_rail_transport.php (1259 words)

	Transportation History in Vermont
		However, the Central Vermont Rail Depot remained and became the lifeline of the town once again at the end of the 19th century, when Northfield's booming granite industry relied on the rails to ship their products.
		Rail lines were connected there in 1875 and 1888, resulting in a major expansion of the local granite industry.
		Barre's quarries were finally able to transport large amounts of stone to distant markets, fostering the greatest population and economic boom in the city's history.
	www.cr.nps.gov /NR/travel/centralvermont/transport1.htm (995 words)

	APL: History - Evolution of Rail in America
		Soon after major ocean transportation carriers began the lengthy process of integrating containers into their operations in the 1950s, America’s railroads were loading these “boxes” onto flatcars to deliver goods more quickly and easily to the U.S. interior.
		Perhaps the last vestiges of the country’s agrarian past — using the sun to tell time and arriving at appointments within an hour of the scheduled time — quickly gave way to a modern age when timeliness was of the essence, and pocket watches made adherence to schedules the norm.
		For example, containerized transportation providers used a chassis — a wheeled frame onto which the container is seated after being discharged from a vessel — so truckers could haul a container to and from a customer’s warehouse.
	www.apl.com /history/topics/innovate/rail.htm (1396 words)

	History of rail transport information - Search.com
		These systems, which made use of the steam locomotive, were the first practical form of mechanized land transport, and they remained the primary form of mechanized land transport for the next 100 years.
		Their function in most cases was to facilitate the transport of coal from the pits to a staith on the river bank, whence coal could be taken by water.
		Placing a horse car on rails had enabled a horse to move twice as many people, and so street railways were born.
	www.search.com /reference/History_of_rail_transport (1327 words)

	History of rail transport in Denmark - Definition, explanation
		The history of rail transport in Denmark is commonly considered to have begun in 1847 with the opening of the railway line between Copenhagen and Roskilde; the Kiel-Altona line in Holstein had been completed three years earlier, but the region was since lost to the German Confederation in the Second War of Schleswig.
		This was frowned upon by the Copenhagen government, seeking to retain the waterway traffic through Oresund, but in an attempt to preempt these efforts, the Danish government set up the first Danish railway commission in 1835 so as to establish the layout of a railway line through the Duchy of Holstein.
		Following the ratification of the Danish Constitution in 1849, there was a political desire to improve trade routes to England and provide better connections between Copenhagen and the rest of the country, the primary means of which being an extension of the Copenhagen-Roskilde line to Korsør on the west coast of Zealand.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/hi/history_of_rail_transport_in_denmark.php (732 words)

	History of rail transport in France - Definition, explanation
		For example, in 1832 the Rouen Chamber of Commerce opposed a rail link between Rouen and Paris, arguing it would be detrimental to agriculture, hurt the traditional way of life, and impinge upon the business of the canals and rivers.
		The French rail policy, once put in place, had its deficiencies, but one certainly cannot consider it a failure, and other powers attempting to encourage rail developments adopted many aspects of the French railway laws.
		Unlike in countries where the construction of railways became a field for private enterprise, the state constructed the bulk of the French railway system, and magnanimously invited private companies to operate the lines under leases (of up to 99 years).
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/hi/history_of_rail_transport_in_france.php (2570 words)

	History of rail transport in Great Britain - Definition, explanation
		As early as 1676 railed roads were in use in Northumberland to ease the conveyance of coal from the mines to the banks of the river at Newcastle-on-Tyne.
		Although these rails were a huge step forward over the wooden "rails", they themselves were superseded when William Jessup (1745-1814) - who had been a pupil of John Smeaton - built and, with Outram, manufactured cast-iron rails without guiding ledges, where the edges of the wagon-wheels were flanged instead.
		Road transport grew rapidly during the 1920s, stimulated by the cheap sale of thousands of war-surplus vans and lorries and the subsidised construction of new roads.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/hi/history_of_rail_transport_in_great_britain.php (4778 words)

	::transport::
		The new manufacturing class - those who needed an improved transport system to move their finished products around - were pleased as they had most to gain.
		One of the benefits of this was that it made the country 'smaller' in that it took less time to do things - mail, for example, was quicker to send for those who could afford to do so.
		The owners of the colliery decided to build a rail line from Stockton to Darlington so that they could move their coal to a large market with more ease.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /transport.htm (2207 words)

	swissinfo - Transport
		Switzerland's early participation in the "rail fever" of the mid 19th century means many rail lines meander between villages rather than forming direct links between cities.
		Thus one of the Rail 2000 projects sees a straightened Zurich-Bern line partly parallel to the motorway, permitting a running time of under an hour for the 125-kilometre trip.
		The pioneering Gotthard rail line, with its twisting route, steep gradients, and a sixteen-kilometre tunnel under the pass of the same name was opened in 1882.
	www.swissinfo.org /eng/country_profile/transport/detail.html?siteSect=2605&sid=5246988&cKey=1140616353000 (924 words)

	Pennsylvania Railroad History : Pennsylvania's Railways
		While the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 is perhaps the best-known event in American railroad history, the completion of the Horseshoe Curve near Altoona is certainly as significant.
		Prior to the completion of the Curve, the Allegheny Mountains were an unbreachable obstacle in the westward expansion of the country.
		Rail stations became the center of Pennsylvania towns' economic and social activity.
	www.parailways.com /history/index.html (318 words)

	European Commission - Rail Transport and Interoperability - Overview
		It is a phenomenon that has a rich, diverse history and continues to determine in its current form many different aspects of our daily life.
		Running train services from one Member State to another is possible, but the technical differences and lack of interoperability between the national rail systems account for significant delays at border crossings and therefore extra costs, which has made this mode of transport less competitive than transport by road for example.
		Legislative measures for the rail sector at EU level were necessary to help achieve the goals and objectives as set out in the Treaty of Rome and the Common Transport Policy.
	ec.europa.eu /transport/rail/overview/fascinating_en.htm (409 words)

	Arriva - Transport market characteristics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The European Community Directive 91/440 was enacted into Italian law as part of the general transport plan in July 2000 and laid down the guidelines for the restructuring of the national rail system which emphasised the need to separate rail infrastructure management from transport operations.
		Arriva Nederland operates rail services in the north of the country and won the contract to be sole operator of rail services for 15 years in the northern provinces of Friesland and Groningen.
		The government-owned rail operator SJ dominates the market; however with the devolution of responsibility for the procurement and provision of services to regional authorities, competitive tendering has now entered a new phase.
	www.arriva.co.uk /arriva/en/business_activities/transport_market_characteristics (1432 words)

	Austria's Rail Transport
		The railway system of the country, deprived of many of its most remunerative sections, was left mainly with mountainous lines bearing comparatively little traffic, and costing much to maintain and operate.
		Although the railways are now organized as an ordinary commercial undertaking, they are not entitled to retain their revenues, and they are bound, at the same time, to adapt their services to the public needs and the public interest.
		There is an interesting piece of history attaching to the Austrian railways ; the first railway built in Austria is claimed to have been also the first railway on the continent of Europe.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r094.html (4388 words)

	Using GIS to map rail network history Journal of Transport History, The - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In principle, use of GIS to produce a history of a transport system would appear to be quite straightforward.
		Fundamentally most transport systems consist of linear links between places, so it should be possible to use basic GIS features such as lines and points to represent the transport system.
		This GIS-based rail history is part of a larger project2 to produce a GIS spatial history of Tokyo and its surroundings during the modern era.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200403/ai_n9394483 (984 words)

	History of rail transport in Australia - Definition, explanation
		In the 1990s steps were taken to privatise parts of the rail system.
		Recognising that the road/rail situation is unbalanced, the Auslink plan has been introduced to allow rail to gain access to funds on a similar basis to that of roads...
		In May 2005, the Federal government through its Auslink program announced an allocation to the national rail track authority ARTC of approximately $50m to develop a modern satellite-based safeworking system.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/h/hi/history_of_rail_transport_in_australia.php (1021 words)

	Cassens - Company History
		Then, due to the demands of the growing transport business, the space was converted into the transport company home office, and no more cars were sold out of that building.
		Cassens Transport got the business and was in place and ready to ship the first load of automobiles from the plant.
		In 1979 the transport company had shown revenue of $40 million, but by 1980 the figure had dropped to $31 million.
	www.cassens.com /transport/companyhistory.html (2452 words)

	Methods of Appraisal (Transport Scheme Appraisal Methods) - TRANSPORT ISSUES
		Their aim is to investigate problems relating to all modes of transport within a transport corridor, and to seek solutions.
		During the study period, they looked at all sorts of problems in transport corridors affecting all types of user, and recommended a preferred strategy for government approval, involving various options, such as reducing demand to travel, creating better public transport links, new or improved road infrastructure, and better provision of information.
		The Department for Transport (or DETR as it was then known) published guidance as to how the MMS should be undertaken, 'Guidance on the Methodology for Multi-modal Studies' (GOMMS) [gloss.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /transportissues/appraisal_history.shtml (834 words)

	European Commission - Rail Transport and Interoperability - Workshops and Seminars
		When the rail systems in Member States will be fully interoperable, border crossing agreements having the objective to ease the negative impacts of technical and regulatory rail transport market fragmentation are likely to become obsolete.
		can provide the framework for political initiatives to facilitate international rail transport, for instance on certain principal traffic corridors, or for the co-operation of public authorities such as national safety authorities and authorities issuing contracts for the provision of public transport services.
		The Commission reminded that Member States are obliged according to the Technical Specification of Interoperability for rail wagons adopted on 28 July 2006 to notify to the European Commission any agreement between Member States, railway undertakings or infrastructure managers related to this TSI.
	ec.europa.eu /transport/rail/ws/ws_cross-border_en.htm (1091 words)

	Rail Transport By Country Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Looking For rail transport by country - Find rail transport by country and more at Lycos Search.
		Find rail transport by country - Your relevant result is a click away!
		The Netherlands: see Rail transport in the Netherlands, Trains in the Netherlands and NS
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Rail_transport_by_country (561 words)

	HVCEO - HISTORY OF RAIL LINES IN THE HOUSATONIC VALLEY, CT REGION
		In 1835 a rail charter was granted by the Connecticut Legislature to an enterprise known as the "Fairfield County Railroad." The charter was established only to build a railroad between Danbury and Long Island Sound.
		Raising the necessary construction funds, $230,000, proved difficult for the size of the population the rail line was to serve.
		In October of 1970, the Connecticut Department of Transportation (Conn DOT) and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York (MTA) entered into an agreement effective 1/1/1971 to oversee the operation of the New Haven Line by Penn Central and to jointly fund the operating deficit.
	www.hvceo.org /transport/railhistory.php (3383 words)

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