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Topic: History of rail transport in Great Britain

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	History of rail transport in Great Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As early as 1676 railed roads were in use in Northumberland to ease the conveyance of coal from the mines to the banks of the river at Newcastle-on-Tyne.
		Great Eastern Railway (GER): the GER was an amalgamation of the Eastern Counties Railway and the Northern and Eastern Railway, and as its name suggests served the eastern counties of England: Cambridgeshire, Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk.
		Great Western Railway (GWR): the GWR was incorporated in 1835 to construct a railway, operated on the broad gauge of 7 ft 0.25 in (2140 mm), between Bristol and London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_British_railway_system (6185 words)

	Rail transport in Great Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Great Britain is an island roughly triangular with an acute apex.
		A symbolic loss to the UK rail freight industry was the custom of the Royal Mail, which from 2004 is discontinuing use of its 49-train fleet, and switching to road haulage after a near 170 year preference for trains.
		The Strategic Rail Authority is the statutory strategic planning and coordinating body for the rail industry, and the guardian of passenger and freight interests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rail_transport_in_Great_Britain (2695 words)

	Wikinfo \| Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient means of mechanised land transport known.
		Rail transport is also one of the safest modes of transport, and also makes a highly efficient use of space: a double tracked rail line can carry more passengers or freight in a given amount of time than a four-laned road.
		Railways soon spread throughout Britain and through the world, and became the dominant means of land transport for nearly a century, until the invention of aircraft and automobiles, which prompted a gradual decline in railways.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Railroad (1674 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Great Britain emerged from the Napoleonic Wars as the only European nation not ravaged by financial plunder and economic collapse, and possessing the only merchant fleet of any useful size (European merchant fleets having been destroyed during the war by the Royal Navy).
		The first Abraham Darby made great strides with using coke to fuel his blast furnaces at Coalbrookdale (1709), although this was principally due to the nature of the coke he was using, and the scientific reasons for the improvement were only discovered later.
		Transporting goods onwards within Britain by sea was common during the whole of the Industrial Revolution and only fell away with the growth of the railways at the end of the period.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Industrial_revolution (6219 words)

	A strategy for regeneration of rail research in Great Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rail guided transport systems have a vital role to play in the well-being of the country and this is recognised in the Government's Integrated Transport White Paper and Ten Year Plan for Transport.
		Rail transport organisations must now meet this, and other, new challenges: growing rail demand, the resultant need for increased capacity and delivering increasing safety while satisfying increased commercial pressure.
		Providing a framework that indicates the rail research priorities that have greatest potential to assist deliver rail transport in the UK that meets rail stakeholder objectives (such as transport integration and improved safety) in the medium to long term.
	www.dft.gov.uk /stellent/groups/dft_railways/documents/page/dft_railways_504422-01.hcsp (887 words)

	Journal of Transport History, The: What kind of transport history did we get? Half a century of JTH and the future of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most of them used the existing scholarly economic history journals as their outlet, but in Britain an opportunity arose when the Attlee government (1945-51) nationalised much of British transport and the British Transport Commission inherited the records of railway, canal and dock companies, which were subsequently made available to researchers in 1952.
		Transport history was to be treated as a sub-discipline of economic and social history.
		At the same time women's history, urban history and, especially in the United States, the history of racial and ethnic minorities were discovered by the 'new social history', a trajectory JTH did not follow.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200309/ai_n9259315 (1126 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> EWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The British Rail Class 66 is a development of the British Rail Class 59.
		On 26 October 2005, the French Minister of Transport announced that EWS International had been granted a safety certificate and would become the third rail freight operator in France.
		A new company, Euro Cargo Rail, would be formed to market the new services on routes in northern France, such as Calais to Tourcoing, and Calais to Dunkerque.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/EWS (394 words)

	The Story of the G.W.R.
		Shortly after the opening ceremony in May, 1859, at which the Prince Consort was present, Brunel died, and Great Britain had to mourn the loss of one of the greatest engineers she has ever known.
		The Great Western, which did not want a break in their system at Gloucester, was also eager to buy up the two independent railways; but the Midland outbid them and the broad gauge suffered a severe reverse.
		The effect of the grouping of the Great Western's mileage was to increase it by 560 geographical miles, and by 3,365 miles of single track, sidings included, as the system already covered very thoroughly the country between the London-Penzance line on the south and the London-Birmingham-Chester route in the north.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r010.html (7978 words)

	Great Britain: History
		A vain attempt to solve the centuries-old Irish problem was the abrogation of the Irish Parliament and the union (1801) of Great Britain and Ireland, with Ireland represented in the British Parliament.
		In the mid-18th cent., wealth and power in Great Britain still resided in the aristocracy, the landed gentry, and the commercial oligarchy of the towns.
		Britain had undertaken to help Greece and Turkey resist Communist subversion, but the financial burden proved too great, and the task was assumed (1947) by the United States.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0858458.html (5952 words)

	HPJA - April 2000, Vol 10, No 1
		Transport reformers are also attempting to put public transport and cycling on a universal rather than residual footing so that services are available for most people living in towns.
		Transport needs to be viewed as a service function which enables people to take part in activities, rather than a bundle of modes or conveyances and infrastructure projects.
		Recognised, for example, by the British Transport and Health Study Groups in area health authorities, many cycling associations and Sir John Houghton, former co-chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and chairman of the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution that produced reports on transport in 1994 and 1997.
	healthpromotion.org.au /journal/previous/2000_3/03.html (4715 words)

	Refrigerated Transportation Timeline
		Henry Peyton Howard (1829-1913) of the United States transported a shipload of beef frozen in a salt-ice mixture from Indianola, Texas, to New Orleans and served it in hospitals, hotels and restaurants.
		Refrigerated imports into Britain in 1935 totaled 1 million metric tons of meat, 500,000 t of butter, 130,000 t of cheese, 430,000 t of apples and pears, and 20 million stems of bananas.
		Great Britain and the Netherlands had also built prototype refrigerated containers by this time.
	www33.brinkster.com /iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp (1291 words)

	Transport Blog
		The great thing about this is that it stops the two clattering about which can be very annoying especially if there are several dozen sets in a carriage all clattering at once.
		The private rail companies cannot invest long-term because their franchises aren't long enough for them ever to pocket the return.
		One of my great beliefs about railways is that in order to get them right you have to get a whole bunch of little things right.
	www.transportblog.com /archives/003204.html (1606 words)

	Journal of Transport History, The: rise and fall of railways in Jamaica, 1845-1975, The
		The introduction of rail transport came at a time when sugar, the mainstay of the Jamaican economy, was in difficulty and improved transport was considered to be an important factor in the restoration of the plantation economy on the island.
		Britain, with capital, technical expertise and a sympathetic government, had pioneered the railways with the opening of the Stockton & Darlington Railway in 1825 and the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1830, and by 1850 Britain had over 6,500 miles of railway.1
		During this early introductory phase, as was the case in Britain and elsewhere, railways were promoted primarily with the view to freight haulage, the conveying of passengers being of secondary importance.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200303/ai_n9209497 (1084 words)

	Hudson River History Tour
		It was in 1778 that the Great Chain was forged of iron links, each two feet long weighing between 140 and 180 pounds.
		By the turn of the century, as more industries and rail lines had been built and much of the Valley had been clear cut, a battle over the environment began to preserve the area's natural beauty and halt the destruction of river scenery.
		Landmarks important to the nation's history, such as some of the Revolutionary War forts along the river, were crumbling and being vandalized.
	www.hudsonriver.com /history.htm (3769 words)

	Travel By Rail - World
		National Rail: National Rail was established in 1993 as part of the national micro-economic reform agenda to improve rail's contribution to Australian domestic and international competitiveness.
		Great Western Trains Company: Provides InterCity Services between London, South Wales, the Cotswolds and the West of England, and are committed to providing the highest level of customer service.
		Office Of The Rail Regulator: The independent government department responsible for the regulation of the Railways in Great Britain.
	www.cwrr.com /nmra/travelw2.html (2016 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Examples from the Victorian era are the building of the Forth Rail Bridge, or the replacement of 177 miles (285 km) of broad gauge rail with standard gauge in a single weekend from May 21, 1892.
		The private rail companies are heavily subsidised but much of the investment has not gone into regeneration or modernisation.
		A proportion of the rolling stock of British Rail was sold off to companies that lease or hire stock to passenger and freight operators, as well as to National Rail and railway maintenance companies.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Rail_transport_in_Great_Britain (2216 words)

	History of Terre Haute
		A familiar sight was the droves of corn-fattened hogs being coaxed and prodded along city streets towards the numerous slaughterhouses lining the river.
		The Terre Haute and Richmond Railroad, completed in 1852, was the initial line of a rail network that added considerably to the city's reputation as a transportation crossroads.
		The A and P (Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea) Company's Quaker Maid plant was said to have been the world's largest food processing factory under one roof.
	web.indstate.edu /community/vchs/thhist.htm (4027 words)

	History of the United States Postal Service 1775-1993
		History proved differently, but this experiment with missile mail exemplifies the pioneering spirit of the Post Office Department when it came to developing faster, better ways of moving the mail.
		Despite the growing transport accessibility offered by the airlines, the Post Office Department in 1930 still moved the bulk of its domestic mail by rail, massing, re-sorting, and redistributing it for long distance hauling through the major railroad hubs of the nation.
		The single greatest impetus in this great outpouring of business mail was the computer, which brought centralization of accounts and a growing mass of utility bills and payments, bank deposits and receipts, advertisements, magazines, insurance premiums, credit card transactions, department store and mortgage billings, and payments, dividends, and Social Security checks traveling through the mail.
	www.usps.com /history/history/his2_75.htm (1020 words)

	High speed trains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Even China is planning a new high speed rail to quickly cover the 1,280 km (800 miles) between Beijing and Shanghai.
		TGV tracks, welded rails on hybrid steel and concrete ties, lay on a thick bed of ballast.
		All signalling information is transmitted to the train through the rails directly to onboard monitors in the cab.
	www.didyouknow.cd /whatsnew/trains.htm (991 words)

	Great Britain: History
		The Story of Britain: From the Romans to the Present: A Narrative History.
		From Britain, with love Sixty years ago, 70,000 British women took part in one of the greatest seaborne migrations in history.
		History at University 2000.(teaching of history in universities in Great Britain)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0858458.html (6167 words)

	BeenThere-DoneThat - Public transport in Great Britain.
		If you would like to tour Britain, or travel within a much smaller area such as a county, and you either can't or don't want to drive then your only other option is public transport.
		There is a Transport Journey Planner which covers plane, train, coach and bus journeys both separately and in combination and will compare with the equivalent car journey (Door to door planner).
		It is a good idea to carry a short list of telephone numbers of local taxi services with you if you use the buses so that in the event of the last bus failing to turn up, for whatever reason, you can at least telephone for a taxi to take you back to your accommodation.
	www.beenthere-donethat.org.uk /transport.html (1050 words)

	International Transportation Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		- Transport Research conducts traffic and transport research in the areas of freight transport and logistics, environmental impacts of traffic, traffic safety, and traffic engineering and modes.
		Its tasks include: (1)To organize, execute and assess technological research and development concerned with the improvement of the means and systems of transport and of traffic from technical, economic and social viewpoints.(2)To carry out evaluative and advisory studies within these domains.
		- The Institute for Transport Studies at Leeds University is responsible for the planning, design, operation and use of land transport facilities in Europe and in developing countries.
	transweb.sjsu.edu /europe.htm (1445 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Special report: transport in Britain
		Transport, local government and the regions select committee
		April 5: Rail commuters must accept they will be late once a week, according to Network Rail, which says the railways are approaching their 'theoretical maximum' punctuality.
		July 15, audio: The unveiling of the long-awaited rail industry white paper was overshadowed when the government's rail supremo, Richard Bowker, announced he is stepping down, reports Andrew Clark.
	www.guardian.co.uk /transport (639 words)

	BLM - Environmental Education - Steel Rails and Iron Horses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico and the earlier settlement of the Oregon question with Great Britain, the United States now had control over California, Oregon, and much of the interior of the continent.
		The Union Pacific was to build westward from the 100th meridian (near Omaha, Nebraska) across the Great Plains, and the Central Pacific was to build eastward from Sacramento through the Sierra Nevada.
		Sixty percent of the coal that produces the majority of the nation's electricity is shipped by rail.
	www.blm.gov /education/00_resources/articles/steel_rails_and_iron_horses/article.html (2188 words)

	Visit Britain and England: guide to cheap tourist travel,accommodation,tickets,visas. UK tourism
		No inoculations are required to enter Britain however an inoculation may be a condition for re-entering your own country.
		When dialling to Britain from other countries, you use the country code for Britain - "44" - and then miss out the first "0" of the area code.
		Last minute Wales is providing to be great way of helping holiday makers understand what is best about Wales, our on-line resource for holidays, weekend breaks and last minute offers on our self catering accommodation makes it easy for you to find exactly what you need and want.
	www.soon.org.uk /britain.htm (1557 words)

	A history of St. Louis
		The history of Forest Park had its beginning in 1872 when Hiram W. Leffingwell and others secured passage of a legislative act authorizing the purchase of 1,000 acres or more for a public park.
		In the field of inter-city transportation, the period since the end of World War II has seen the decline of rail passenger traffic and a consequent upsurge in the rise of air and bus lines.
		Devoy, J. History of St. Louis and Vicinity, St. Louis, 1898 Edwards, Richard and The Great West and Her Commercial Metropolis.
	stlouis.missouri.org /heritage/History69 (11768 words)

	Bahamaslinks - History
		History of a particular island, Ancient history (Lucayans, Caribs, Arawaks, Tainos), National Archives etc.,
		Gail Saunders is Director of Archives at the Department of Archives and author of several books and articles on aspects of Bahamian History.
		History of Bimini by Michael Checkley, Director of the Museum of Bimini)
	www.bahamaslinks.ch /phist.html (4085 words)

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