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Topic: History of rail transport in Spain

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	History of rail transport in Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the 19th century Spain was one of the poorest and least economically developed countries in Western Europe, and was also politically unstable.
		Following the decentralization of Spain after 1978, those narrow-gauge lines which did not cross the limits of autonomous communities of Spain were taken out of the control of FEVE and transferred to the regional governments, which formed, amongst others, Eusko Trenbideak and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya.
		Spain being a large country with wide range of temparature zones, means that a train (and the passengers) have to travel thru varied temparature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_railway_history (793 words)

	Rail transport - Wikipedia
		It consists of two parallel rails, usually made of steel, and wooden or concrete sleepers or ties that hold the rails exactly at the proper distance from each other.
		The rails provide very smooth and hard surfaces on which the wheels of the train may roll with a minimum of friction.
		A dual gauge track has three or four rails positioned such that trains of two gauges can use it; it is applied in part of the railroads of Switzerland, Australia, Brazil, North Korea, Tunisia and Vietnam.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ra/Railroad.html (772 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> RENFE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In addition to intercity transport, RENFE operates commuter train systems called "Cercanias" in a number of major cities, including Madrid and Barcelona.
		In 1988 construction of the high-speed rail between Madrid and Seville began, and in 1991 operation of this line was started.
		The greater part of the line, from Madrid to Lleida, was put in service on October 11, 2003, with connection to Huesca from Zaragoza; the extension to Barcelona is expected to open in 2007.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/RENFE (531 words)

	sociology - RENFE
		Spain is a country with a lot of mountain ranges.
		A few years later this technical problem was solved but the huge cost that would had supposed the change of the tracks and the rolling stocks to the European gauge left the Spanish net isolated of the rest of Western Europe, except Portugal, that adopted the Spanish gauge.
		In addition to intercity transport, RENFE operates commuter train systems in a number of major cities, including Madrid and Barcelona.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Renfe (351 words)

	Global Economies: Spain
		Spain's cultural, political, and economic global standing has improved dramatically over the past 25 years, but given this dominant position, a surprisingly low number of Spanish brands have managed to break on to the international market.
		Spain's major trade fairs are a good indicator of the country's position as an innovator and of its increasingly high international standing.
		Spain's sophisticated transport infrastructure is expanding to meet growing demand under a long-term improvement program launched by the government.
	www.nytimes.com /global/spain (626 words)

	Practical: Transport - Madrid\|Spain - Expatriation\|Expatriate\|International - Easy Expat
		Public transport (transporte público) is generally excellent in Spanish cities, most of which have efficient urban bus and rail services, some supplemented by underground railways (metros) and trams.
		Spain has comprehensive intercity bus and domestic airline services and is also served by frequent international coaches, suburban trains (at the station ATOCHA) and airline services.
		Spain has four rush hours (horas puntas): 08.00-09.30, 12.30-14.30, 15.30-16.00 and 18.30-20.00; the quietest period is usually between 15.00 and 17.00.
	www.easyexpat.com /madrid_en/practical_transport.htm (1374 words)

	Transport Blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The 1952 Harrow rail crash claimed 85 lives and yet the line was cleared and trains were passing the wreckage the very next day.
		And the other transport device/philosophy is/are these bikes, which are publicly owned, and available for hire.
		Pointing out that Silverlink (a rail company thye themselves own) is no longer offering services from London to Birmingham (Virgin, of course, still is), they used the opportunity to promote their own coach alternative.
	www.transportblog.com (4596 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> FEVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This happened in Catalonia in 1978, in the Land of Valencia in 1986, with a part of the Basque network in 1979, and with Mallorcan Railways in 1994.
		The great majority of the narrow-gauge lines still operated by FEVE are located on or near Spain's Atlantic coast, stretching from Galicia in the northwest, through Asturias and Cantabria to the Basque Country (with a branch extending into Castile and LeÃ³n).
		FEVE's rails transport approximately 460 million tonnes of goods each year, accounting for a large part of the company's business.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/FEVE (484 words)

	SIDE - Online Information article about SIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		rail rope by an endless hauling rope at an average speed of 4 to 6 m.
		These towers may be constructed either of wood or iron, and if the exigencies of the work render it desirable, they may be mounted on trolleys and rails, in which case the cableway is rendered portable, and can be moved about, sometimes a great advantage in excavating work.
		Thus the telpher is a self-propelled electric carrier running on a mono-rail, which, according to the conditions, may be a steel rail or a steel cable.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SHA_SIV/SIDE.html (5308 words)

	Transport - Spain-Incoming - Group or Educational Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Unless you're travelling on a rail pass, buses will probably meet most of your transport needs; many smaller villages are accessible only by bus, almost always leaving from the capital of their province.
		The most important ports in Spain for passengers are those of Barcelona, Valencia, Palma de Mallorca, Malaga, Cadiz, Las Palmas in Gran Canaria and Tenerife.
		Spain's Iberia Airlines, which is state-operated, covers all air transport within Spain and from Spain to points abroad.
	www.spain-incoming.com /travel/transportation.html (551 words)

	History of Light Rail
		In the major conurbations Passenger Transport Authorities were created to take over responsibility for operation and development of the network, and they were soon commissioning studies to determine the place of public transport in land-use transportation planning, and options for the future.
		Light rail is not a rigid concept, but a flexible mode that fits between the bus and the heavy metro or conventional railway, and can behave like either of them as well.
		Trams and light rail can cover the whole spectrum of public transport provision, and international experience of 350 systems worldwide confirms that this is the most successful intermediate mode, with over 100 years of development behind it, yet incorporating the latest technology for the future.
	www.lrta.org /mrthistory.html (4381 words)

	Ireland's Railway Systems
		Except for the Quintinshill accident, in 1915, which involved an estimated death-toll of 224 passengers and three railway servants, the Armagh collision was the worst disaster in the history of the railways of the United Kingdom.
		This battery is used for road and rail transport, and has operated eighty-ton suburban passenger trains on the Great Southern Railways for several years without one failure.
		Through rail communication between Belfast and Londonderry was, however, not established until the completion of the viaduct over the River Bann at Coleraine in 1860.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r051.html (8326 words)

	Real Estate Rail Transport
		Rail transport is an energy-efficient means of mechanised land transport.
		Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient means of mechanised land transport known...
		Queensland Transport develops rail policy advice and is the lead agency through which the Queensland Government contracts for the provision of rail services and infrastructure to enhance transport solutions for Queensland.
	www.own2.com /relocation/Rail-Transport.html (3216 words)

	Island Railways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Bermuda, lying in the Atlantic, is a place without motor-cars, and until the coming of the railway it was without mechanical transport except bicycles, of which there were hundreds.
		Instead of the cars being run on to the ship over "cradles" in the ordinary way, they are lifted on board bodily and stowed away on rails laid in the hold, just as if they were rail-less containers.
		The line was reconstructed in 1912, wooden bridges were replaced by steel structures, curves were straightened as far as possible, and the track was relaid with a heavier rail than that of the original railway.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r008.html (4841 words)

	Spain - Live in Spain - travel in Spain - a comprehensive travel & destination guide
		Spain is also one of the most mountainous countries in Europe, and there is superb walking and wildlife in a dozen or more sierras - above all in the Picos de Europa and Pyrenees.
		Spain's unique fauna boast protected species like brown bears, the Spanish lynx and Mediterranean monk seals as well as more common wild boar, white storks and birds of prey.
		One of Spain's greatest draws is undeniably its beaches although with infinitely more variety than you would be led to believe from the sun-and-sand holiday brochures.
	www.itccommunications.net /travel_spain.html (861 words)

	EyeforTransport - transportation glossary S-T (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Containers are transported on public roads atop a container chassis towed by a tractor.
		Note: Transport is often used as a generic term for various means of transport, and is distinguished from 'movement' in that it requires such means.
		An indication of the sort of cargo to be transported, (e.g.
	www.eyefortransport.com /glossary/st.shtml (4027 words)

	'History of China' to 'Hitman (computer game)' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		History of Lesotho (Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Levant, History of the Middle East, Lebanese history)
		History of Tajikistan (Polish history, Szczecin, History of China, History of Taiwan)
		History of the English language (Czech history, History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Accuracy disputes)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /browse/h18.htm (1703 words)

	eyefortransport - homepage
		By 2020 the rail sector should be handling twice the present freight and passenger market share and three times the current freight and passenger volume.
		For the first time in European history, the rail industry and research community are developing a truly European strategic rail research agenda.
		In the freight sector, rail transported 241 billion tonne-kilometres in 1998 (8,4% of the total, down from the 1970 figure of 21%).
	www.eyefortransport.com /index.asp?news=34089&nli=freight&ch= (709 words)

	Travel By Rail - World
		Rail in Europe and Canada: Rail tickets and passes in Europe and Canada.
		National Rail: National Rail was established in 1993 as part of the national micro-economic reform agenda to improve rail's contribution to Australian domestic and international competitiveness.
		State Rail Authority Of New South Wales: Runs commuter, long distance passenger and bulk freight services on a rail network covering 8890 kilometers through the most populous State of Australia.
	www.cwrr.com /nmra/travelw2.html (2016 words)

	Institute of Railway Studies & Transport History \| links
		The IRS&TH was the first institutional member of the International Association for the History of Transport, Traffic and Mobility (T2M), established in Eindhoven in November 2003 and rapidly becoming an important focus of scholarly activity.
		At the University of Leeds, the Institute for Transport Studies is one of the leading inter-disciplinary groups involved in teaching and research in transport studies in the United Kingdom and abroad.
		The Coventry Transport Museum is located in one of the historic centres of the British motor industry, and seeks portray the contribution made by Coventry to the world's road transport.
	www.york.ac.uk /inst/irs/irshome/links/links.htm (3212 words)

	COST-Transport: Actions Underway: Towards a European Intermodal Transport Network: Lessons from History
		The history of network connections between different modes of transport since 1945 has contributed to defining the possibilities for developing a European intermodal transport network.
		Creation of a European intermodal transport network is a high-priority objective of the European Community and one to which it has dedicated studies, specific legislation and very considerable funds.
		Numerous studies in transport geography and economics have been completed on waterway, road, rail and air transport networks in different countries and these will provide key input.
	cordis.europa.eu /cost-transport/src/cost-340.htm (570 words)

	Pennsylvania History
		Rail transport began in 1827, operated at first by horse power or cables.
		Rail mileage was reduced by eliminating obsolete and unnecessary lines, typically those to now non-productive coal mines.
		In 1970 the creating of a Department of Transportation and a Department of Environmental Resources were results of an enlarged concept of the role of state government.
	www.legis.state.pa.us /WU01/VC/visitor_info/pa_history/whole_pa_history.htm (20154 words)

	Piaggio Vespa Scooters - for your modern personal transportation needs!
		But by the end of the century, Piaggio was also producing rail carriages, luxury coaches, truck bodies, engines, and trains.
		And the story continues today with the new generation of Vespa models, which range from the vintage-lovers' PX with manual gear shift, to the Granturismo and Granturismo Sport (GTS), the largest and most powerful Vespas, to the LX, the latest restyling of the classic Vespa design.
		For more than 50 years, Vespa has fascinated millions of people and given the world an irreplaceable icon of Italian style and a means of personal transport that has become synonymous with freedom.
	www.vespausa.com /company/history.cfm (613 words)

	Spain Rail Map - Spain BR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Interactive map of Spain and Portugal with city locator and rail connections between destinations.
		Europe On Rail is pleased to be able to offer the most comprehensive database of European train schedules british rail and map europe, we've yet found.
		Spain's carbon dioxide emissions climbed again in 2005 meaning that the country, already the worst performer among rich nations, moved even further away from meeting its Kyoto goals.
	spain.br.com /spain-rail-map.html (504 words)

	International Transportation Information
		- Transport Research conducts traffic and transport research in the areas of freight transport and logistics, environmental impacts of traffic, traffic safety, and traffic engineering and modes.
		Its tasks include: (1)To organize, execute and assess technological research and development concerned with the improvement of the means and systems of transport and of traffic from technical, economic and social viewpoints.(2)To carry out evaluative and advisory studies within these domains.
		- The Institute for Transport Studies at Leeds University is responsible for the planning, design, operation and use of land transport facilities in Europe and in developing countries.
	transweb.sjsu.edu /europe.htm (1445 words)

	The History Ring
		History of 16th Tennessee and South Carolina's Palmetto Sharpshooters, Micah Jenkins and Collett Leventhorpe, Colour bearers, Rebel Yell, Confederate and South Carolina State flags, plus CSS Palmetto State and HMS Warrior.
		Spengler's Future uses the cyclical model of history developed by Oswald Spengler in The Decline of the West to speculate about the next seven centuries of Western history.
		History of Fort Harker, Schedule of events that are held at the fort
	s.webring.com /hub?ring=history (2334 words)

	UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Spain > Basque Country > Bilbao Metro
		With about 1 million inhabitants, Bilbao (Bilbo in Basque) is the largest metropolitan area in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) (including towns like Portugalete, Sestao, Algorta, Barakaldo).
		Another very special means of transport in the Greater Bilbao area is the Hanging Bridge between Portugalete and Areeta (Las Arenas).
		Once all four (!) rail companies and all bus companies use the same ticket and have a common information system then Bilbao will definitely have one of the best transport systems in Spain.
	www.urbanrail.net /eu/bil/bilbao.htm (1368 words)

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